Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Given Moonga, Stephan Bose-O'Reilly, Ursula Berger, Kenneth Harttgen, Charles Michelo, Dennis Nowak, Uwe Siebert, John Yabe, Johannes Seiler
Summary: Although child stunting remains a serious issue in Zambia, there has been a decrease between 2007 and 2013/14, with maternal education and household wealth having a significant impact on stunting. The study suggests that remote sensed covariates alone do not explain much of the variation in height-for-age z-scores, highlighting the importance of collecting and controlling for more socio-economic characteristics.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wadzanai P. Mafunga, Stuart R. D. Ferrer, Annegret Stark
Summary: Biorefineries are crucial for the development of bio-based economies. In South Africa, the further development of sugarcane biorefineries may involve the use of sugarcane fibre as a feedstock. The current payment system for sugarcane incentivises growers to prioritize sucrose yield over fibre yield, which may hinder the production of energy cane cultivars. Through mathematical modeling and case studies, this research highlights the potential impact of introducing price mechanisms for sugarcane fibre on farm-level decisions and overall biomass availability, ultimately revitalizing the sector and informing policy makers.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
The Dung Bui, Dung Mau Nguyen
Summary: Land degradation is a serious environmental issue in all regions of Vietnam. Government agencies are promoting sustainable land management practices, but adoption remains limited. Farmers' likelihood of adoption varies across ecological regions and is associated with household head characteristics, farm household attributes, and institutional context. Adopters in mountainous, coastal, and delta regions have achieved 20-30% higher income compared to non-adopters.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Hung-Hao Chang
Summary: Many countries have implemented subsidy programs to maintain minimum farm production, including rice. Taiwan's unique land direct payment program is voluntary for rice farms and aims to ease the financial burden of price support programs. The program has been found to reduce farm income by 4% and decrease reliance on price support programs, leading to less rice production and use of fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery. However, it also results in an overall increase of 8.7% in government spending on price support and direct payment programs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
David Kranjac, Krunoslav Zmaic, Tihana Sudaric, Marija Ravlic, Magdalena Zrakic Susac, Ivo Grgic, Ilona Rac, Emil Erjavec
Summary: The Latest Common Agricultural Policy reform in Croatia has significant impacts on the main agricultural markets, particularly due to the reduction in production support, abolishment of voluntary coupled support, and introduction of additional environmental constraints. Crop markets are less reliant on subsidies, but the livestock sectors, especially beef and dairy, exhibit distinct lack of competitiveness.
Article
Agronomy
Elena Toma, Paula Stoicea, Carina Dobre, Adina Iorga
Summary: The Common Agricultural Policy 2021-2027 aims to strengthen environmental and climate targets by supporting sustainable agricultural practices. Although farmers can access funds under eco-schemes, there are concerns about the impact on income and profitability. This study analyzes income inequality on Romanian farms and the influence of subsidies on different income sources.
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Athanasios Petsakos, Pavel Ciaian, Maria Espinosa, Angel Perni, Dimitrios Kremmydas
Summary: This study analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of the post-2020 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union at the farm level. The results suggest that while the new CAP can improve environmental performance, it comes at a cost for farms. Enhanced conditionality appears to be more impactful in delivering environmental improvements compared to eco-schemes. Member States have ample options to choose among different measures, and the optimal policy mix will depend on the balance between income support and environmental performance.
APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tuomo Purola, Heikki Lehtonen
Summary: It was found in the study that investing in adjustable drainage systems on peatlands in farms in southwestern Finland can lead to significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions. However, high emission tax rates triggering such investments can also result in higher abatement costs, especially when not considering the effect of adjustable drainage on crop yields.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Taiwo Bintu Ayinde, Charles F. Nicholson, Benjamin Ahmed
Summary: This study examines the trade-offs between income and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in two farming systems in Northern Nigeria. The findings show that reductions in GHG emissions would decrease household incomes and require changes in production patterns and input use. However, the extent of reductions and the trade-offs between income and GHG emissions vary, suggesting that these effects are site-specific and time-variable.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Economics
Robert Messerle, Jonas Schreyoegg
Summary: Hospitals account for a significant portion of healthcare expenditure and their payment methods have major implications for the care they provide. This study analyzed the introduction of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) in Germany and found that it significantly increased hospital activity, but did not necessarily shorten the average length of stay.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Economics
Oluwaseun Mercy Ojo, Carmen Hubbard, Michael Wallace, Andrew Moxey, Myles Patton, David Harvey, Shailesh Shrestha, Siyi Feng, Charles Scott, George Philippidis, John Davis, Anne Liddon
Summary: This paper examines the potential impacts of post-Brexit UK trade and domestic agricultural policies on the economic welfare of farm households. It highlights the significant variations in impact depending on different scenarios, particularly the retention or elimination of direct payments under the Common Agricultural Policy. The study emphasizes the critical role of non-farm income in safeguarding the economic welfare of most UK farm households.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
E. J. Peeler, R. Caballero-Celli, C. E. S. Davila, A. C. Canales Gomez, W. Gilbert, M. Gomez-Sanchez, Huntington, V. T. Phan, J. Rushton, R. S. Schrijver, A. Kennerley
Summary: This is a farm level bio-economic model that assesses the economics of disease and animal health interventions in aquatic animal production. The results demonstrate that improving health management can increase gross margin, and relatively simple models can support decision-making by farmers in the absence of trial data, and can be adapted for many aquaculture systems.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Aaron Hanson
Summary: This study analyzes the effects of the 2013 Common Agricultural Policy reforms on the distribution of direct payments across EU member states, finding substantial negative impacts and redistribution towards smaller farmers. The Redistributive Payment Scheme is more effective in redistributing subsidies towards smaller farmers compared to the capping policy.
EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Linmei Shang, Jifeng Wang, David Schaefer, Thomas Heckelei, Juergen Gall, Franziska Appel, Hugo Storm
Summary: Technological change has a significant impact on both agri-environmental performance and farm structural transformation. The integration of farm-level models with agent-based models capturing dynamic farm interactions can provide meaningful impact assessments of related policies. However, this integration faces challenges in model development, debugging, and computational demands. Surrogate modeling using deep learning techniques can overcome these challenges and facilitate simulations with broad regional coverage.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Laurent Piet, Yann Desjeux
Summary: The study found that income growth and inequality dynamics of French commercial farms were influenced by changes in both income levels and farm characteristics. Additionally, Common Agricultural Policy payments were shown to help reduce income inequalities, with Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 payments having different effects along the income distribution.
EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Yaghoob Jafari, Mihaly Himics, Wolfgang Britz, Jayson Beckman
Summary: Policymakers increasingly use CGE models to assess the economy-wide impacts of trade agreements, but the simplifying assumption of complete bilateral tariff elimination can introduce bias. A proposed tariff line approach aims to reduce bias by modeling exemptions for sensitive goods in CGE models, which was tested in the Canada-EU trade agreement and compared to standard approaches in CGE analysis. Common approaches may systematically overestimate trade and welfare impacts by neglecting partial liberalization in specific sectors and not considering substitution across tariff lines.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
C. Pahmeyer, T. Kuhn, W. Britz
Summary: The web-based, open source decision support system 'Fruchtfolge' provides crop and coarse manure fertilization management recommendations for each field, helping decision makers to make optimal cropping decisions. Applied to a German case study, the system offers a strategy to reduce profit losses in compliance with revised fertilization regulations, emphasizing the benefits of using such support tools for decision-making in a complex environment.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Neus Escobar, Wolfgang Britz
Summary: The study applies Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling to assess the sustainability of manufacturing bioplastics in five major producing regions, finding that increasing bioplastics production in Thailand is generally associated with more favorable metrics, while increasing bioplastics production in China is, on average, associated with the largest land footprint.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Wolfgang Britz, Pavel Ciaian, Alexander Gocht, Argyris Kanellopoulos, Dimitrios Kremmydas, Marc Mueller, Athanasios Petsakos, Pytrik Reidsma
Summary: This paper focuses on addressing key questions regarding the functionality and implementation of a modular BEFM that can be maintained and expanded by a user group, as well as developing concrete proposals for necessary model features, design, and shared development. By reviewing literature and identifying necessary features for a generic and modular BEFM, the paper proposes a research agenda to enhance the modularity and flexibility in the development, application, and maintenance of such models.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Pavel Ciaian, D'Artis Kancs, Miroslava Rajcaniova
Summary: The study found that the security outcomes of the bitcoin blockchain were closely linked to bitcoin price and mining rewards. Additionally, the dependency of blockchain security on mining costs varied geographically, with China being more significant than other regions. After price shocks, bitcoin blockchain security tended to quickly return to its equilibrium level.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
T. Kuhn, N. Moehring, A. Toepel, F. Jakob, W. Britz, S. Broring, A. Pich, U. Schwaneberg, M. Rennings
Summary: This study analyzes the greenRelease technology in terms of its economic potential and its contribution to reducing environmental and health risks from pesticide use. The results show that the economic potential of the greenRelease technology is highest for systemic fungicides in all assessed crops, and herbicides for potato cultivation. It is lowest for insecticides in winter barley and potato, as well as contact fungicides. The environmental benefit of the technology is key in promoting its application, and its economic competitiveness increases with the internalization of negative externalities of pesticide use through agri-environmental policies.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Economics
Jan Pokrivcak, Pavel Ciaian, Drahoslav Lancaric, Tomas Michalicka, Miroslav Plevny
Summary: This article identifies the main drivers determining the geographical location of craft breweries in Slovakia. The study finds that agglomeration economies and demand factors linked to tourist sector development are important factors in location choices for craft breweries.
ECONOMIC RESEARCH-EKONOMSKA ISTRAZIVANJA
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
J. Freytag, W. Britz, T. Kuhn
Summary: This study assesses the economic potential of specialized arable farms without animal production that cooperate with a conventional biogas plant to engage in organic production. The impacts of different regulations on importing off-farm biogas digestates are considered.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Wolfgang Britz
Summary: Many empirical studies have found that Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) is superior to the expected utility approach in depicting risk behavior. This study proposes a method to combine CPT with constrained optimization problems for risk management at farm-scale. Empirical application shows that this method can generate the expected results in risk management at farm-scale.
GERMAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Economics
Wolfgang Britz
Summary: The construction of the GTAP-AGROFOOD database for CGE modeling, which is consistent with the standard GTAP Data Base Version 10a, is discussed. The database includes 51 additional agro-food products and sectors, replacing 11 original GTAP agrofood products, resulting in a database with 105 products. The additional detail provided by this database can improve and enrich analyses of trade, bio-economy, as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Economics
Wolfgang Britz
Summary: Based on data from 156 countries, a global cross-sectional estimation of a demand system for nineteen commodity groups shows that demographic factors, the share of Islamic population, and mean temperature significantly improve model selection and fit, especially when considering additional explanatory variables. The estimated Engel curves illustrate income dynamics of budget shares, with a focus on agro-food commodity groups.
BIO-BASED AND APPLIED ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Wolfgang Britz
Summary: The study introduces a method for calibrating Linear and Mixed Integer Programs using a bi-level estimator, which effectively addresses non-convexity issues. Monte-Carlo analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the approach.
GERMAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Roberto Roson, Wolfgang Britz
Summary: This paper presents a computable general equilibrium model for generating long-run scenarios of economic development, which produced different findings compared to a more conventional model. The decline in aggregate saving rates due to higher dependency ratios in the demographic structure was found to impact capital stock accumulation, investments, final demand composition, and productivity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rienne Wilts, Catharina Latka, Wolfgang Britz
Summary: The study reveals that climate change-induced crop yield shifts have varying impacts on different household types due to factors such as factor income composition and land ownership. More severe yield declines exacerbate the situation for the most vulnerable households.
CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Area Studies
Emil Erjavec, Tina Volk, Miroslav Rednak, Pavel Ciaian, Marius Lazdinis
Summary: The Western Balkan countries aspire to join the European Union, which requires adherence to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Despite their commitment to align with the CAP, the agricultural policies actually implemented are more influenced by domestic political pressures.
EURASIAN GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS
(2021)