Protein or No Protein? Opportunities for DNA-Based Detection of Allergenic Foods

In food allergy, a common immunological disease with a potentially severe outcome, a causative cure is not available. Correct ingredient labeling and risk assessment of unlabeled allergen cross-contact is a prerequisite for effective allergen avoidance. Specific and sensitive analytical methods, which allow for unequivocal identification and accurate quantification of allergenic components, are important tools in allergen risk management. Both protein- and DNA-based methods are in place and reveal pros and cons depending upon the application and individual analytical question. This perspective highlights relevant molecular aspects and discusses, especially, opportunities for the application of DNA-based methods for the detection of allergenic foods.