Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 62, Issue 50, Pages 12118-12127Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jf504258w
Keywords
Arriba; chloroplast genome; CCN-51; inverted repeat region; Theobroma cacao
Funding
- German Ministry of Economics and Technology (via AiF)
- FEI (Forschungskreis der Ernahrungsindustrie e.V., Bonn) [AiF 16796 N]
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Two cocoa types, Arriba and CCN-51, are being cultivated in Ecuador. With regard to the unique aroma, Arriba is considered a fine cocoa type, while CCN-51 is a bulk cocoa because of its weaker aroma. Because it is being assumed that Arriba is mixed with CCN-51, there is an interest in the analytical differentiation of the two types. Two methods to identify CCN-51 adulterations in Arriba cocoa were developed on the basis of differences in the chloroplast DNA. On the one hand, a different repeat of the sequence TAAAG in the inverted repeat region results in a different length of amplicons for the two cocoa types, which can be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. On the other hand, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the CCN-51 and Arriba sequences represent restriction sites, which can be used for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. A semi-quantitative analysis based on these SNPs is feasible. A method for an exact quantitation based on these results is not realizable. These sequence variations were confirmed for a comprehensive cultivar collection of Arriba and CCN-51, for both bean and leaf samples.
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