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Cell Biology
David Mondaca-Ruff, Clara Quiroga, Ignacio Norambuena-Soto, Jaime A. Riquelme, Alejandra San Martin, Mario Bustamante, Sergio Lavandero, Mario Chiong
Summary: This study found that Ang II may regulate autophagy in VSMCs by transcriptional and translational mechanisms, increasing total LC3 content and LC3 processing. Additionally, Bag3 regulates Ang II-induced autophagy in VSMCs through the AT1R/ROCK signaling pathway.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gehan Safwat, Esraa S. M. Soliman, Hanan R. H. Mohamed
Summary: This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of erbium oxide nanoparticles (Er2O3-NPs) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells. Exposure to Er2O3-NPs inhibited the growth of Hep-G2 cells and induced cell death in a concentration dependent manner. Er2O3-NPs also caused high levels of DNA damage and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Hep-G2 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Er2O3-NPs arrested the cell cycle of Hep-G2 cells at the G0/G1 phase and increased the number of cells in the apoptotic and necrotic phases. Furthermore, Er2O3-NPs upregulated the expression levels of apoptotic genes (p53 and Bax) and downregulated the expression level of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 in Hep-G2 cells. In conclusion, Er2O3-NPs inhibit the proliferation of Hep-G2 cells and induce apoptosis through ROS generation, DNA damage, and alteration of apoptotic genes. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to explore the potential of using Er2O3-NPs in cancer treatment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Hye-Gyo Kim, Myeong-Han Ro, Sung-Hee Hwang, Michael Lee
Summary: Autophagy plays a dual role in tumorigenesis, acting as both a tumor suppressor and promoter. The stage of tumorigenesis determines the role of autophagy. Through our experiments, we found that autophagy plays a more important role as the transformation progresses. Additionally, we observed that Atg5-independent autophagy may be more critical in initiated and transformed cell lines than in untransformed cells.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
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Immunology
Shiho Fukushima, Takaaki Shimohata, Yuri Inoue, Junko Kido, Takashi Uebanso, Kazuaki Mawatari, Akira Takahashi
Summary: Campylobacter jejuni infection activates the Rac1 signaling pathway to promote bacterial internalization, and LC3 plays a role in regulating the invasion signaling of C. jejuni, thereby participating in autophagy-mediated host immune response.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
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Oncology
Ji Eun Yu, In Jun Yeo, Dong Won Lee, Ju Young Chang, Dong Ju Son, Jaesuk Yun, Sang-Bae Han, Jin Tae Hong
Summary: Snake venom contains proteins that can induce autophagy and function as an anticancer agent. In colorectal cancer cells, treatment with snake venom increases the levels of autophagy-related proteins, while normal colon cells do not exhibit this response. Inhibition of autophagy prevents snake venom-induced cell death, indicating that snake venom induces autophagic cell death, regulated through the JNK signaling pathway.
Article
Immunology
Nataschja I. Ho, Marcel G. M. Camps, Martijn Verdoes, Christian Muenz, Ferry Ossendorp
Summary: This study showed that autophagy negatively affects antigen storage in dendritic cells, and dendritic cells deficient in autophagy exhibited enhanced antigen storage and cross-presentation. The augmented cross-presentation effect was independent of proteasome enzyme activity or MHCI surface expression on dendritic cells. Visualizations indicated that storage compartments were in close proximity to LC3 positive autophagosomes, suggesting that autophagosomes disrupt antigen storage in dendritic cells and regulate long-term MHCI cross-presentation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
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Cell Biology
Chu-Che Lee, Jen-Pi Tsai, Hsiang-Lin Lee, Yung-Jen Chen, Yong-Syuan Chen, Yi-Hsien Hsieh, Jin-Cherng Chen
Summary: In this study, Timosaponin AIII (TSAIII) was found to inhibit the growth of glioma cells by inducing cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy activation. The results suggest that TSAIII exhibits antitumor effects and may have potential as a therapy for glioma.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruheena Javed, Ashish Jain, Thabata Duque, Emily Hendrix, Masroor Ahmad Paddar, Sajjad Khan, Aurore Claude-Taupin, Jingyue Jia, Lee Allers, Fulong Wang, Michal Mudd, Graham Timmins, Keith Lidke, Tor Erik Rusten, Prithvi Reddy Akepati, Yi He, Fulvio Reggiori, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Vojo Deretic
Summary: This study reveals that autophagosomal membranes become permeable and fail to mature into autolysosomes in cells lacking principal ATG8 proteins (mATG8s). It further uncovers a previously unknown function of mATG8s in maintaining the sealed state of autophagosomal membranes. The binding of mATG8 proteins GABARAP and LC3A to key ESCRT-I components contributes to the integrity and impermeability of autophagic membranes.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Shuhei Nakamura, Shiori Akayama, Tamotsu Yoshimori
Summary: Lysosomes play a crucial role in cellular digestion and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Cells have developed defense mechanisms, including the regulation of transcription factors like TFEB and LC3, to cope with damaged lysosomes.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flavia Franconi, Giampiero Capobianco, Giuseppe Diana, Valeria Lodde, Alberto De Donno, Maria Laura Idda, Andrea Montella, Ilaria Campesi
Summary: This study investigates the sex-specific effects of Ang II on key processes such as endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin II, and autophagy in HUVECs. The results show that Ang II affects the expression of genes, proteins, and miRNAs in a sex-dependent manner. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex differences in endothelial dysfunction and provide valuable insights for the development of innovative biomarkers and personalized therapeutic approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Chan Lee, Michael Overholtzer
Summary: Lysosomes play a crucial role in cellular quality control mechanisms, with LC3 lipidation promoting microautophagy formation. LC3 lipidation functions in response to metabolic stress, allowing cells to adapt to changing metabolic conditions through selective turnover of lysosomal membrane.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christophe Viret, Mathias Faure
Summary: ATG8 proteins are core components of autophagy, decorating autophagosomes and organelles. Recent studies show that the membrane anchoring of single-membrane associated ATG8 proteins may involve phosphatidylserine conjugation, and their stability depends on ATG4 protease inhibition.
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuan Feng, Zhi Wei, Xiang Tao, Yan Du, Jing Wu, Yinhua Yu, Huandi Yu, Hongbo Zhao
Summary: Autophagy plays a crucial role in the development and function of trophoblast cells during pregnancy. The protein PLAC8 promotes autophagy in trophoblasts and contributes to their proliferation. Understanding the mechanism of PLAC8-induced autophagy may lead to novel treatment strategies for various gestational diseases.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tao Chen, Xiaoju Wang, Xinchen Yan, Yali Dai, Tao Liang, Lijun Zhou, Shiling Feng, Ming Yuan, Hongyu Yang, Chunbang Ding
Summary: The study found that Se-PCS could reduce Mn toxicity by activating antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating the insulin signaling pathway, thus protecting Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javier Botella, Nicholas A. Jamnick, Cesare Granata, Amanda J. Genders, Enrico Perri, Tamim Jabar, Andrew Garnham, Michael Lazarou, David J. Bishop
Summary: Autophagy is an important mechanism for cells to degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. The effects of exercise on autophagosome content markers differ between rodents and humans. The decrease in LC3B-II protein levels induced by exercise in humans does not reflect a decreased autophagy flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
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Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ramasubramanian Thirumalaiandi, Michael Gomez Selvaraj, Raghu Rajasekaran, Mohankumar Subbarayalu
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2008)
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Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Rajasekaran Raghu, Chun-Ting Liu, Mong-Hsun Tsai, Xiaojia Tang, Krishna R. Kalari, Subbaya Subramanian, Lee-Yan Sheen
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2012)
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Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Chun-Ting Liu, Rajasekaran Raghu, Shu-Hsi Lin, San-Yuan Wang, Ching-Hua Kuo, Yufeng J. Tseng, Lee-Yan Sheen
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2013)
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Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yung-Lin Chu, Chi-Tang Ho, Jing-Gung Chung, Rajasekaran Raghu, Yi-Chen Lo, Lee-Yan Sheen
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2013)
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Plant Sciences
Shin-Yu Chen, Hsing-Chun Tsai, Rajasekaran Raghu, Yi-Yin Do, Pung-Ling Huang
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2011)
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Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
G. Gopalaswamy, C. V. Karthikeyan, R. Raghu, V. Udayasuriyan, S. K. Apte
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2007)