Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 60, Issue 42, Pages 10456-10460Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jf3023063
Keywords
efflux pump inhibitor; pheophorbide a; pyropheophorbide a; feces; multidrug resistance
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Efflux pumps are vital bacterial components, and research has demonstrated that some plant compounds such as pheophorbide a (php) possess efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) activity. This study determined the quantity of php present in feces as an indicator of EPI activity. Feces were collected from different species of animals fed a variety of feeds. The chlorophyll metabolites php and pyropheophorbide a (pyp) were determined using fluorescense spectroscopy. The average concentrations [mu g/g dry matter (DM) feces] of pyp/php in feces were as follows: guinea pig, 180; goat, 150; rabbit, 150; dairy cow, 120; feedlot cattle, 60; rat, <1; pig, <1; chicken, <1. These data indicate that animals consuming green diets will excrete feces with concentrations of php/pyp that exceed levels demonstrated to be inhibitory to bacterial efflux pumps (0.5 mu g/mL). The natural presence EPIs in the gastrointestinal tract may modulate the activity of microbial efflux pumps and exert selection pressure upon resident microbial populations.
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