Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 60, Issue 19, Pages 4977-4985Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jf2053542
Keywords
native agars; microwave irradiation; conventional heating; structural analysis; physicochemical properties; Gracilaria vermiculophylla
Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011, SFRH/BD/64315/2009, SFRH/BD/21363/2005, SFRH/BPD/36451/2007]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/21363/2005, SFRH/BD/64315/2009, SFRH/BPD/36451/2007] Funding Source: FCT
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Native agars from Gracilaria vermiculophylla produced in sustainable aquaculture systems (IMTA) were extracted under conventional (TWE) and microwave (MAE) heating. The optimal extracts from both processes were compared in terms of their properties. The agars' structure was further investigated through Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy. Both samples showed a regular structure with an identical backbone, beta-D-galactose (G) and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactose (LA) units; a considerable degree of methylation was found at C6 of the G units and, to a lesser extent, at C2 of the LA residues. The methylation degree in the G units was lower for MAE(opt) agar; the sulfate content was also reduced. MAE led to higher agar recoveries with drastic extraction time and solvent volume reductions. Two times lower values of [eta] and M-v obtained for the MAE(opt) sample indicate substantial depolymerization of the polysaccharide backbone; this was reflected in its gelling properties; yet it was clearly appropriate for commercial application in soft-texture food products.
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