Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi, Erich Leitner, Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary: This study compares three gas chromatographic methods for analyzing ten iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines, and finds that all methods and most analytes have good detection limits and precision. Urine samples from smokers and non-smokers were successfully analyzed, and differences in concentration were observed.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lisa Monika Klein, Angelika Miriam Gabler, Michael Rychlik, Christoph Gottschalk, Florian Kaltner
Summary: This study developed a sensitive analytical approach for simultaneous detection and quantification of unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids, their corresponding N-oxides, and tropane alkaloids in milk of dairy cows. The method showed low limits of detection and quantification, good recovery rates and repeatability. Traces of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in three milk samples obtained from milk vending stations and local marketers in Bavaria, Germany.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Li-Ting Ma, Pi-Ling Liu, Yang-Tui Cheng, Tz-Fan Shiu, Fang-Hua Chu
Summary: This study used transcriptome mining and functional characterization to uncover the activity of several monoterpene synthases in Taiwania cryptomerioides, and compared their evolutionary characteristics. The results suggest that there may be crucial regions in the catalytic residues of Cupressaceae monoterpene synthases, which help determine the formation of different monoterpenes.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Carlos A. Valdez
Summary: The misuse of synthetic opioids belonging to the fentanyl class has raised serious safety concerns, prompting efforts worldwide to find effective solutions. Key research areas include controlling production and distribution, developing detection methods, and finding efficient antidotes. The review article summarizes the current literature on the detection and identification of synthetic opioids using GC-MS methods.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Maria Fernanda S. Mota, Habtewold D. Waktola, Yada Nolvachai, Philip J. Marriott
Summary: This article provides an overview of recent advances in the analysis of seed and vegetable oils, highlighting the importance of authenticity of food oils and selected applications of contaminants analysis. It also includes a brief comparison of separation technologies and concludes by emphasizing recent advances and future trends.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Maartje Verhoeven, Jennifer Bonetti, Ruben Kranenburg, Arian van Asten
Summary: Due to the increasing number of NPSs, identifying drug isomers is becoming more challenging for forensic laboratories. Currently, GC-MS is the standard technique, but it cannot confidently differentiate positional isomers. This review provides an overview of methods for differentiating and identifying NPS positional isomers and proposes a workflow for routine analysis in forensic laboratories.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qingying Si, Jinxiu Guo, Xiumei Yang, Yujin Guo, Linlin Wu, Dadi Xie, Pei Jiang
Summary: This study investigated the metabolic alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed differential expression of metabolites in the serum, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, renal lipid, hippocampus, and brown fat tissues of diabetic rats compared to control rats. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that these alterations mainly involved amino acid metabolism, organic acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and lipid metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jie Wang, Xiaohan Li, Ying Wu, Fengfeng Qu, Lei Liu, Baoyi Wang, Peiqiang Wang, Xinfu Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the volatile compounds in green tea produced in different seasons using GC-MS. The results showed that the volatile compound composition differed in spring, summer, and autumn green tea. PCA, PLS-DA, and HCA analysis classified the samples and identified key characteristic compounds. The findings contribute to our understanding of seasonal variations in green tea and provide a basis for quality control in production.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hong Zeng, Yadong Wang, Haoying Han, Yanping Cao, Bei Wang
Summary: Monascus-fermented cheese (MC) is a new type of mold-ripened cheese that combines traditional Chinese fermentation fungus with Western cheese fermentation techniques. The study found that the esterase activity in MC was higher during the ripening period, and the key odor features of ripened MC were alcohol and fruity flavors.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhenzhao Li, Minh Ha, Damian Frank, Peter McGilchrist, Robyn Dorothy Warner
Summary: The study found that the concentration of volatiles with high odor impact is higher in dry aged beef, and certain odor impact compounds decrease significantly with ageing time. Consumer preference for 35-day dry aged beef is associated with higher concentrations of pleasant odor-active volatiles.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Baoyi Wang, Fengfeng Qu, Peiqiang Wang, Lei Zhao, Zhi Wang, Yahui Han, Xinfu Zhang
Summary: Drying is an important factor in the formation of green tea flavor. By adjusting drying temperature, green tea with different aromas can be obtained. Volatile and non-volatile compounds contribute differently to the different aromas, and these compounds are related to the taste characteristics of the tea.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dorothea F. K. Rawn, Sue C. Quade, Catherine Corrigan, Cathie Menard, Wing-Fung Sun, Francois Breton, Tye E. Arbuckle, William D. Fraser
Summary: As part of the MIREC study, human milk samples collected from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed for mirex and dechlorane plus. Mirex was present in all samples, while syn- and anti-DDC-CO were found in 61.0% and 79.5% of the samples, respectively. Maternal age was correlated with concentrations of both compounds. Identifying the dominant sources of DDC-CO in human milk is critical.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Colin Hastie, Adrian Thompson, Mark Perkins, Vaughan S. Langford, Michael Eddleston, Natalie Z. M. Homer
Summary: Self-poisoning with professional agricultural pesticide products accounts for about 20% of global suicides, with the majority occurring in South Asia and China. Faster detection of co-formulants can aid in early identification of pesticide poisoning and reduce mortality rates. SIFT-MS, a direct mass spectrometry technique, shows great promise as an alternative analytical tool for analyzing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol in plasma, providing higher sample throughput compared to conventional GC/MS methods.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Li Li, Biao Chao, Wu Wang, Yina Luo, Lilin Wang, Lili Lin, Gang Yang, Jun Wu
Summary: Isoprene is the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emitted by vegetation and a major contributor to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. This study synthesized four isomers of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) and measured them using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The fragmentation behaviors of IEPOX derivatives were examined using electron-impact (EI) and methane chemical ionization (CI) sources mass spectra. The study also identified IEPOX isomers in ambient PM2.5 aerosols and analyzed their concentrations and ratios to 2-methyltetrols. The results confirm the important role of IEPOX as active intermediates in the photooxidation of isoprene in the atmosphere.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Philipp Eyring, Marc Tienstra, Hans Mol, Susan Strange Herrmann, Peter Have Rasmussen, Henrik Lauritz Frandsen, Mette Erecius Poulsen
Summary: Various generic extraction methods have been used for determination of pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and PAHs in food and animal feed, but a new method introduced in this study facilitated identification of a wide range of compounds across different polarities. The method involved initial extraction with water, acetonitrile, formic acid, and heptane followed by solid-phase extraction clean-up and analysis by chromatography and mass spectrometry, achieving analyte recoveries with high accuracy and precision.
Article
Cell Biology
Galyna Y. Shuvayeva, Yaroslav P. Bobak, Olena Vovk, Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart, Mary T. Fletcher, Oleh Stasyk
Summary: Arginine-deprivation therapy is a promising metabolic anticancer approach, and the arginine analogue indospicine has been identified as a potential enhancer compound for this therapy. Indospicine selectively targets colorectal cancer cells in the absence of arginine by deregulating prosurvival pathways and inducing apoptosis through multiple mechanisms.
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Benigni A. Temba, Ross E. Darnell, Anne Gichangi, Deogratias Lwezaura, Philip G. Pardey, Jagger J. Harvey, James Karanja, Said M. S. Massomo, Noboru Ota, James M. Wainaina, Mary T. Fletcher, Darren J. Kriticos
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between aflatoxin B1 concentration and occurrence in maize samples from different agroecological zones in Kenya and Tanzania during the 2013 harvest season. Analysis showed that random forests achieved the highest overall accuracy in predicting aflatoxin contamination, with low rainfall and high temperatures early in the maize plant maturing stage serving as warning signs. Risk maps for the two countries were generated using both random forests and logistic regression models.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Li Huang, Ken W. L. Yong, W. Chrishanthi Fernando, Matheus Carpinelli de Jesus, James J. De Voss, Yasmina Sultanbawa, Mary T. Fletcher
Summary: The study demonstrates that curcumin-mediated photosensitization is an effective method to control Botrytis cinerea contamination and reduce the formation of harmful plant toxins.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yue Yuan, Natasha L. Hungerford, Emilie Gauthier, Diane Ouwerkerk, Ken W. L. Yong, Mary T. Fletcher, Bronwyn Laycock
Summary: This paper describes the development of a methodology for extraction and determination of a principal natural toxin compound, simplexin, from bulk biocomposites. The method involved using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a sensitive strategy combining solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography to quantify simplexin in different biocomposites. The study demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of the established protocol and its potential application in controlled release systems for the bovine rumen and other biological environments.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Natasha L. Hungerford, Mary T. Fletcher, Heng Hang Tsai, Darina Hnatko, Lorinda J. Swann, Cassandra L. Kelly, Shalona R. Anuj, Ujang Tinggi, Dennis C. Webber, Stephen T. Were, Benjamin L. L. Tan
Summary: This study found low/negligible levels of pesticide, herbicide, and PAH contamination in Australian honey, consistent regardless of rural, peri-urban, or urban origins.
FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Saleha Akter, Hung Hong, Michael Netzel, Ujang Tinggi, Mary Fletcher, Simone Osborne, Yasmina Sultanbawa
Summary: Punicalagin, a bioactive compound in pomegranate, has antioxidant properties, while ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant found in Kakadu plum. An UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed to accurately measure ellagic acid levels in Kakadu plum fruits and leaves. The findings suggest the potential use of Kakadu plum extracts as natural preservatives in the food industry.
FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Natasha L. Hungerford, Jiali Zhang, Tobias J. Smith, Hans S. A. Yates, Sadia A. Chowdhury, James F. Carter, Matheus Carpinelli de Jesus, Mary T. Fletcher
Summary: Experimental feeding of sugar solutions to Australian stingless bees has confirmed the origin of trehalulose in honey, while artificially feeding sucrose would result in fake honey production. The distinction between fake and natural honey can be made through isotope ratio mass spectrometry delta C-13 values.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rosalind A. Gilbert, Gabriele Netzel, Kerri Chandra, Diane Ouwerkerk, Mary T. Fletcher
Summary: In this study, bovine rumen fluid was cultivated in an in vitro fermentation system with Indigofera spicata plant material to determine the ability of mixed microbial populations to degrade the hepatotoxin indospicine. The microbial populations adapted to the fermentation conditions and degraded indospicine within eight days, reducing the toxic side-effects and toxin accumulation associated with ingestion of Indigofera plant material by grazing ruminant livestock.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Saleha Akter, Rama Addepalli, Michael Netzel, Ujang Tinggi, Mary Fletcher, Yasmina Sultanbawa, Simone Osborne
Summary: This study evaluated the bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of Terminalia ferdinandiana compounds using in vitro models. The results showed an increase in the bioaccessibility of ellagic acid, oxalic acid, and calcium from the gastric phase to the intestinal phase. Additionally, variable rates of intestinal absorption were observed.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Norhasnida Zawawi, Jiali Zhang, Natasha L. Hungerford, Hans S. A. Yates, Dennis C. Webber, Madeleine Farrell, Ujang Tinggi, Bhesh Bhandari, Mary T. Fletcher
Summary: The study revealed significant differences between the stingless bee honey from Australia and Malaysia, with Australian SBH showing higher levels of pH, total phenolic content, total minerals, and electrical conductivity. Additionally, all SBH had toxic elements below the standard CODEX limit.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jiali Zhang, Natasha L. Hungerford, Hans S. A. Yates, Tobias J. Smith, Mary T. Fletcher
Summary: Trehalulose and erlose are the dominant sugars in stingless bee honey, with trehalulose mainly formed through sucrose isomerization in the head incubations, while erlose is a less favorable product formed through glucosylation of sucrose. Sucrose hydrolysis occurs in the abdomen incubations, resulting in glucose and fructose as the major sugars. The mechanism of sucrose isomerization to trehalulose and erlose has been established as an enzymatic double displacement reaction.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rashid Saleem, Ali Ahsan Bajwa, Shane Campbell, Mary T. T. Fletcher, Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian, Steve W. W. Adkins
Summary: Pimelea is a genus of plant species that can cause animal poisoning, resulting in economic losses to the Australian livestock industry. The plants contain a toxin called simplexin, which can cause the death or weakening of cattle. This systematic review provides a valuable synthesis of the biology, ecology, and management of poisonous Pimelea species, highlighting potential areas for future research.
Article
Plant Sciences
Rashid Saleem, Shane Campbell, Mary T. T. Fletcher, Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian, Steve Adkins
Summary: This study aims to understand the dormancy mechanism of Pimelea trichostachya and how environmental conditions affect its germination and emergence. It concludes that P. trichostachya has a complex dormancy mechanism, involving physical, metabolic, and suspected water-soluble germination inhibitor components. The study also shows that scarified seeds treated with gibberellic acid (GA(3)) have the highest germination percentage, and emergence is inhibited when seeds are buried below 3 cm in soil.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhi Hung Loh, Natasha L. Hungerford, Diane Ouwerkerk, Athol V. Klieve, Mary T. Fletcher
Summary: This study investigated the metabolic pathway of Pimelea poisoning by analyzing putative simplexin metabolites. Acid hydrolysis was able to hydrolyze simplexin, but no identified simplexin hydrolysis products were detected in biological samples.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Saleha Akter, Rama Addepalli, Michael Netzel, Mary Fletcher, Yasmina Sultanbawa, Simone Osborne
Summary: In this study, the safety of extracts prepared from Terminalia ferdinandiana using different solvents was assessed by measuring the in vitro cell viability of various cell lines. The findings showed that the impact on cell viability varied depending on the type of cell line and the source of the extract, with HepG2 cells being the most affected. The study also found that ellagic acid, a phytochemical in T. ferdinandiana, had lower IC50 values compared to the extract IC50 values.
FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
