Article
Energy & Fuels
A. S. Ed Cheng, Matthew A. Ratcliff, Robert L. McCormick
Summary: Computational modeling was used to understand the fuel-injection and fuel-impingement processes in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine using different ethanol and aromatic fuel blends. The results showed that droplet vaporization enriched the concentrations of aromatic species in the liquid phase, and ethanol-containing fuels affected droplet sizes and increased liquid-phase mass in the cylinder. Fuel impinging on lower temperature surfaces created wall films that could interact with the piston, while fuel impinging on hotter surfaces vaporized more readily and formed concentrated wall films with lower vapor pressure and aromatic compounds.
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Di Lorenzo, P. Brequigny, F. Foucher, C. Mounaim-Rousselle
Summary: The downsized spark ignition engine is a promising technology for reducing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the efficiency through boosting the intake air pressure. However, modeling the combustion process under drastic conditions of high pressure, high temperature, and high dilution rate remains challenging.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaoyu Cong, Changwei Ji, Shuofeng Wang
Summary: The study found that blending DME can extend flame development and propagation periods, increase power output of the neat hydrogen engine, and reduce nitrogen oxides emissions. However, blending DME may increase cyclic variation due to weakened flame kernel and propagation process, but emissions can be controlled by adjusting the DME fraction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yonghyun Choi, Joonsik Hwang, Sungwook Park
Summary: This study analyzed the particle emission characteristics in the engine restart phase of a hybrid electric vehicle based on driving characteristics and ambient temperature. It was found that the count of engine restarts was higher in urban phases compared to rural and motorway phases, and PN emissions increased as ambient temperature decreased. The study also observed that large particle fraction increased with decreasing ambient temperature.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mindaugas Melaika, Gilles Herbillon, Petter Dahlander
Summary: This study investigated the influence of different nozzle head designs on the combustion process, engine performance, emissions, and particulate number. The results showed that the design of the nozzle head had a significant impact on combustion stability, emissions formation, and particulate number. Multi-hole nozzle heads performed better in certain aspects compared to heads with larger crevices.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Changming Gong, Xiankai Si, Fenghua Liu
Summary: The study found that CO2 dilution had more advantages in a GDI engine compared to EGR dilution, but to achieve the same combustion, the dilution rate for CO2 dilution should be significantly increased compared to EGR dilution.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mads Carsten Jespersen, Thomas Osterby Holst Rasmussen, Anders Ivarsson
Summary: This study investigates the lean-burn characteristics of ammonia in a pre-mixed SI engine and the influence of spark energy and discharge characteristics on engine performance and emissions. The results show that by optimizing the spark ignition system, the need for an ignition improver can be mitigated. The emissions of unburned ammonia and NOx are kept at low levels, and the balance between NH3 and NOx emissions is achieved by advancing the ignition timing.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Erdal Tuncer, Tarkan Sandalci, Saban Pusat, Ozgun Balci, Yasin Karagoz
Summary: This study investigated the effects of cycle-skipping on emissions and performance of a natural gas engine, finding significant improvements in indicated thermal efficiency can be achieved by different cycle-skipping strategies. It was observed that emissions did not show a continuous change with different strategies, and peak in-cylinder pressure increased with the rate of cycle-skipping.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Zhipeng Hu, Zezhou Guo, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li, Jufang Zhang, Tianyang Gong, Yanwei Li
Summary: Ethanol, a carbon-neutral fuel, is widely used in engines. Combining hydrous ethanol with hydrogen can reduce costs and improve combustion performance, especially under lean-burn conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Changming Gong, Xiankai Si, Fenghua Liu
Summary: This study analyzed and compared the effects of adding CO2 and retarding injection timing on combustion and emissions behaviors of a gasoline direct injection engine. The results showed that adding CO2 reduced peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate, and had an impact on cylinder temperature.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Patricia Anselmi, Leo Jan, Mickael Matrat, Giampaolo Maio, Boyang Xu
Summary: This study assesses the influence of liquid fuels' properties on engine-out GHG emissions through the optimization of both thermal efficiency and fuel's carbon index. It highlights the limitations and advantages of high efficiency fuels for spark-ignited combustion systems when applied to advanced architectures. The study emphasizes the synergistic optimization of low carbon fuel formulation and combustion system design for more advanced technologies.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abdulvahap Cakmak, Murat Kapusuz, Hakan Ozcan
Summary: This experimental research investigates the effects of adding ethyl acetate, a new and renewable oxygenated fuel, to gasoline on engine performance and exhaust emissions. The results show that ethyl acetate blends have advantages in reducing CO and HC emissions, but lead to a dramatic increase in NOX emissions and a deterioration in engine performance. Fuel cost analysis also reveals that ethyl acetate blends have higher fuel costs compared to gasoline.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zengqiang Zhu, Haoming Gu, Zan Zhu, Yanju Wei, Ke Zeng, Shenghua Liu
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of heavy-duty natural gas spark ignition engines and the impact of methanol mixture preparation and flow. The study found that an optimized injection strategy can promote mixture homogeneity and improve engine braking thermal efficiency.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Talip Akbiyik, Nafiz Kahraman, Tolga Taner
Summary: This study examines the effects of using CNG and gasoline on engine emissions, performance, and lubricating oil, with the addition of boron additive. The results show that using boron-doped oil in the engine leads to less decrease in engine performance and less change in lubricating oil properties, except for a reduction in NOX emissions. The type of fuel used has no effect on emissions when using boron-doped or undoped boron engine oil.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hiresh Bundele, Caneon Kurien, Penmatsa Sandeep Varma, Mayank Mittal
Summary: The study investigates the influence of hydrogen enrichment on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a biogas-fueled engine. The results indicate that increasing the hydrogen share improves combustion characteristics and reduces hydrocarbon emissions, but increases NOx emissions. The engine performs best with a 20% hydrogen share.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pierpaolo Polverino, Federica D'Aniello, Ivan Arsie, Cesare Pianese
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2019)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Lars Eriksson, Andreas Thomasson, Kristoffer Ekberg, Alberto Reig, Mark Eifert, Fabrizio Donatantonio, Antonio D'Amato, Ivan Arsie, Cesare Pianese, Pavel Otta, Manne Held, Ulrich Voegele, Christian Endisch
CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
(2019)
Article
Thermodynamics
B. Rossomando, E. Meloni, G. De Falco, M. Sirignano, I Arsie, V Palma
Summary: A detailed experimental characterization of the particle emissions of a EURO 5 light-duty Diesel engine equipped with a wall flow Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) showed that the DPF has a high removal efficiency for particles, especially in the range of 10-40 nm. Engine operating conditions do not have a significant impact on particle emissions, while particle emissions during the regeneration phase are strongly dependent on DPF temperature.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Stefano Fontanesi, Marco Del Pecchia, Valentina Pessina, Simone Sparacino, Silvana Di Iorio
Summary: The study investigates soot emissions from gasoline engines using the sectional method and a customized soot library. Through chemical kinetics simulation and 3D-CFD simulations, the research successfully analyzes the impact of different injection timings on soot formation and emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Silvana Di Iorio, Francesco Catapano, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: This study investigates the sub-23 nm particles emitted from a small gasoline engine under different operating conditions and fuel types. The results show a strong dependency of the particle emissions on the engine operation and fuel type, with a moderate impact from the three-way catalyst. The dilution parameters in the sampling system also have a significant effect on the measurement of the sub-23 nm particles, highlighting the importance of defining an appropriate protocol for their measurement.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pierpaolo Polverino, Ivan Arsie, Cesare Pianese
Summary: The optimization of energy management in HEVs using dynamic programming and receding horizon approaches can lead to a significant reduction in fuel consumption. By evaluating fuel consumption under different control features, the results show a fuel consumption reduction comparable to that of the full horizon approach, with a maximum drift from optimal consumption of less than 10%.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fabrizio Donatantonio, Alessandro Ferrara, Pierpaolo Polverino, Ivan Arsie, Cesare Pianese
Summary: This paper proposes two innovative supervisory control strategies for HEVs and evaluates their impact on fuel consumption reduction through comparison and analysis of their performance in terms of fuel economy and computational time.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francesco Catapano, Silvana Di Iorio, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: This study focuses on the measurement of sub-23 nm particles emitted from a small DI/PFI spark ignition engine using conventional techniques and innovative systems. The effects of different fuels and operating conditions on particle emissions were analyzed. The results showed that the size and quantity of particles emitted were influenced by the fuel, injection strategy, and operating condition. The sampling system conditions were also found to have a significant impact on particle emissions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Emmanuele Frasci, Davide Cervone, Gianluca Nacci, Paolo Sementa, Ivan Arsie, Elio Jannelli, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: This study analyzes the performance and CO2 emissions of a series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in both experimental and simulation environments. The results show that a small internal combustion engine (ICE) equipped with passive turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can improve combustion efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. Simulation analysis demonstrates that downsizing the battery pack capacity can lead to a decrease in energy consumption to a certain extent, while still maintaining the target driving range.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Silvana Di Iorio, Francesco Catapano, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: Electrification is seen as a long-term solution for decarbonization, but in the medium term, propulsion systems will still dominate urban mobility and require a shift to low carbon fuels. The EU's goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 is encouraging the use of innovative fuels and powertrains. This study investigates the effects of ethanol/methanol blends on the performance and emissions of a turbocharged direct injection spark ignition engine. Different alcohol blends were tested, and it was found that emissions decreased with higher alcohol content, with particle emissions decreasing for ethanol blends and increasing for blends with methanol.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Eugenio Meloni, Bruno Rossomando, Gianluigi De Falco, Mariano Sirignano, Ivan Arsie, Vincenzo Palma
Summary: The study focuses on the detailed analysis of particle size distributions during the active regeneration of a loaded catalytic diesel particulate filter (CDPF) on an L-D diesel engine. It was found that compared to a standard DPF, the CDPF significantly reduces particle emissions during regeneration and exhibits a bimodal particle size distribution. At the end of regeneration, significant reductions in particle sizes were observed.
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Pierpaolo Polverino, Serena Elefante, Ivan Arsie, Cesare Pianese
74TH ATI NATIONAL CONGRESS: ENERGY CONVERSION: RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT FOR INDUSTRY AND TERRITORIES
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
B. Rossomando, C. Fruncillo, I Arsie, M. Comentale, M. De Cesare
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Federica D'Aniello, Ivan Arsie, Cesare Pianese, Matteo De Cesare
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
M. Aliberti, I Arsie, A. Cricchio, C. Pianese, P. Polverino, M. Sorrentino
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francisco J. Higuera, Juan Fernandez de la Mora
Summary: This study investigates a particle condensation device that uses cold and warm humid air streams to achieve water vapor condensation. Compared to existing water condensation particle counters, this configuration offers advantages such as variable saturation ratio, accelerated penetration of water vapor, and a relatively uniform saturation field.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Brijal Prajapati, Vishal Dharaiya, Manoranjan Sahu, Chandra Venkatraman, Pratim Biswas, Kajal Yadav, Delwin Pullokaran, Ramya Sunder Raman, Ruqia Bhat, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a low-cost particulate matter sensor and proposed a physics-based calibration method. The results showed that the physics-based calibration approach performed better compared to statistical models at both observation sites.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Correction
Engineering, Chemical
N. Searle, K. Kaur, K. Kelly
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tianyu Cen, Laura Torrent, Andrea Testino, Christian Ludwig
Summary: In this study, a hyphenated setup consisting of a rotating disk diluter (RDD) with spICP-MS (RDDspICP-MS) was used for online sampling and characterization of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in ambient pressure aerosols. The RDD allowed for constant flow rate sampling of aerosols and adjusting the dilution ratio for different particle number concentrations (PNCs). The feasibility of this setup was tested with different sizes of AuNPs in argon-based and air-based aerosols, and the results showed a lower limit of detection for number concentration. The capability of the setup to accurately investigate multi-modal samples and the interference of ionic species was also demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. Valenzuela, E. Bazo, R. A. Rica, L. Alados-Arboledas, F. J. Olmo-Reyes
Summary: This article introduces a method to measure the extinction cross section of levitated particles using an electrodynamic trap and double-cavity ring down spectroscopy technique, and demonstrates the potential of this method in 1,2,6-hexanetriol particles through simulations and experiments. Unlike traditional methods, this technique provides crucial information about the extinction cross section of sodium chloride particles during dehydration and hydration processes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shadi Yaqoubi, Mohaddese Sokuti, Sahand Mazloum-Ravasan, Kofi Asare-Addo, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Nokhodchi
Summary: In this study, a modified version of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was used to prepare salbutamol sulfate dry powder. The engineered particles showed suitable characteristics for effective drug delivery to the lungs and demonstrated acceptable aerosolization performance. This newly introduced method appears to be capable of producing dry powder formulations of different drugs without the need for surfactants or stabilizers.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ashley L. Nord, Patrice Dosset, Pierre Slangen, Manouk Abkarian
Summary: Phonation has been found to be a potent transmission route for the COVID-19 virus. To control transmission, it is important to measure the amount of aerosols produced by speech. Researchers used digital in-line holography to overcome experimental challenges and successfully imaged the formation and deformation of saliva filaments in the mouth during speech, as well as the resulting aerosolized droplets.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yating Wang, Yiyang Zhang, Zhu Fang, Xinxin Wu
Summary: The research investigates the energy dissipation in particle-wall collision with roughness using the finite element method. The results show that the presence of surface roughness leads to lower viscoelastic dissipation and higher restitution coefficient compared to a smooth surface. The collision time is identified as a key factor in predicting the energy dissipation.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shaamrit Balendra, Akshay Kale, Julie Pongetti, Mohsen Kazemimanesh, Molly Haugen, Lee Weller, Adam Boies
Summary: The measurement of airborne particles is important for detecting and characterising air pollution, emissions, fire detection, occupational and climate impacts. However, current optical particle counters (OPCs) cannot measure ultrafine particles. This study explores the limitations of miniaturising a condensation particle counter (CPC) growth chamber and provides a toolkit for optimising the design of miniaturised CPC-GCs.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Markus Snellman, Namsoon Eom, Maria E. Messing, Knut Deppert, Chris Hogan
Summary: Segregated bimetallic nanoparticles, such as core-shell nanoparticles, have attracted widespread interest in various fields like biomedicine, catalysis, and optoelectronics. Aerosol technology provides an optimal platform for controlling the size, structure, and composition of nanoparticles, which are crucial parameters for tuning the material performance for specific applications. In this study, researchers developed a novel evaporator design that allows on-line coating of core particles with a shell directly in the gas phase. By utilizing a local heater, the researchers were able to decouple the heating process of the evaporating material from the aerosol particles, thereby limiting core-shell alloying. The resulting core-shell particle formation with controllable shell thickness was demonstrated using evaporation of zinc onto core particles of gold, tin, and bismuth. Simple models were also discussed to explain the observed growth process inside the evaporator and the formation of the shell.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kentaro Misawa, Yuto Kasai
Summary: In this study, the laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to observe scattered and fluorescent signals from fluorescent polystyrene latex particles. The ratio of fluorescence to scattered signal intensities was found to be almost equal for particles of the same size, allowing for the separate observation of mixed-size fluorescent particles. Relative fluorescence intensities were obtained by incorporating ratios of fluorescence to scattered signal and relative scattered signal intensities.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sripriya Nannu Shankar, William B. Vass, John A. Lednicky, Tracey Logan, Rebeccah L. Messcher, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Stavros Amanatidis, Tara Sabo-Attwood, Chang-Yu Wu
Summary: This study introduces a testing system that allows for direct exposure of aerosolized viruses onto host cells. By collecting particles of different sizes and analyzing them, researchers obtained information on the concentration and viability of the virus at different particle sizes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
