Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aranyak Chakravarty, Mahesh Panchagnula, Alladi Mohan, Neelesh A. Patankar
Summary: Pulmonary drug delivery systems rely on inhalation of drug-laden aerosols produced from aerosol generators such as inhalers, nebulizers etc. However, the transport and retention of drugs in the lungs play a crucial role in determining the efficacy of drug delivery. This study develops a mathematical model to analyze drug deposition and retention in the lungs and identifies conditions conducive for delivering drugs to the deep lungs. The analysis confirms that aerosols in the size range of 1-5 μm have the highest drug delivery efficacy to the deep lung, and increasing the breathing time period can increase the amount of drugs deposited in the deep lung.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Yasuhito Matsubayashi, Jun Akedo
Summary: Aerosol deposition (AD) is a room-temperature ceramic coating method, and the effect of substrate microstructure on the deposition processes and film quality was investigated in this study. AD alumina films were deposited on silicon substrates with line and space patterns, and the deposition behavior varied depending on the substrate microstructure. The residual stress of the films was analyzed to understand the effect of the substrate microstructure.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Lina Karlinasari, Ulfa Adzkia, Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono, Pipiet Larasatie, Yusup Amin, Naresworo Nugroho
Summary: This study investigated the surface characteristics and acoustical properties of bamboo particle board coated with polyurethane, finding that different coating thicknesses significantly affect sound absorption performance, as well as the relationship between board density and particle size.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Delphine K. Farmer, Erin K. Boedicker, Holly M. DeBolt
Summary: Aerosols, suspended liquid or solid particles in the atmosphere, have significant impacts on air quality and the Earth's radiative balance. Dry deposition is a key process for removing aerosols, influenced by particle size and turbulence. However, there are gaps in research, such as deposition over the cryosphere and ocean surfaces.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 72
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Eliram Nof, Saurabh L. Bhardwaj, Pantelis Koullapis, Ron L. Bessler, Stavros Kassinos, Josue L. Sznitman
Summary: In this study, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate three-dimensional respiratory airflows and compare two commonly used numerical schemes. The results showed that, under certain conditions, the coarse Reynolds-Averaged Numerical Simulations (RANS) can accurately predict velocity flow patterns, while the more accurate Large Eddy Simulations (LES) can better simulate turbulence. These findings are important for respiratory research, therapy, and toxic measurement.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jubo Li, Zhenyu Ma, Ruidong Man, Chenhui Jia, Zhuangya Zhang
Summary: The interfacial bonding strength between the substrate and its coating is an important factor affecting the service life of parts. A mathematical model was developed to quantitatively describe the surface roughness and adhesion strength of the anti-corrosion coating, which can help reduce manufacturing costs. By controlling the substrate's surface roughness, the anti-corrosion life can be improved. The study established a model of interfacial bond strength and roughness, which was calibrated using the substrate surface and closely related to the cell spacing and length of the support.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alessio Parisi, Chris J. Beltran, Keith M. Furutani
Summary: The study developed a new model to accurately describe cell survival under different linear energy transfer conditions, which is of great importance for cancer radiotherapy treatment planning.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Richard A. Corley, Andrew P. Kuprat, Sarah R. Suffield, Senthil Kabilan, Paul M. Hinderliter, Kevin Yugulis, Tharacad S. Ramanarayanan
Summary: Regulatory agencies are exploring alternative approaches for assessing inhalation toxicity using in vitro studies and in silico modeling instead of animal studies. Computational models were used to estimate deposition of inhaled aerosols in rats and humans, finding that particles in the 1-5 μm range easily penetrated the human lung while larger particles deposited mainly in the upper airways. The research also calculated local tissue dose metrics following repeated occupational exposure, showing potential for reducing reliance on animal studies for risk assessments.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Gourhari Ghosh, Ajay Sidpara, P. P. Bandyopadhyay
Summary: The study focuses on MRF of WC-Co coating using B4C abrasives, and improves the processing efficiency by fabricating composite abrasives, achieving higher MRR and lower surface roughness.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Fatemeh Jafari Afshar, Gholam Reza Khayati
Summary: Brass alloys are widely used in various industries, but they lack corrosion resistance in corrosive environments. Efforts have been made to utilize the superhydrophobic properties in the industry to solve the economic and environmental consequences of brass alloy corrosion. This paper presents a review of superhydrophobic coatings on brass alloys reported in articles. Models used to evaluate the superhydrophobic properties and methods for preparing samples for laboratory operations are discussed comprehensively. Different methods for increasing surface roughness and reducing surface energy are also examined.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
S. Srikanth, C. Senthilkumar, U. Elaiyarasan
Summary: Aluminum alloys have gained significant interest in the automotive and aerospace industries as a substitute for steel, especially in sliding components due to their lightweight properties. However, their surface properties are lacking. In order to address this issue, surface modification is required to enhance wear resistance and reliability. Thus, this study focuses on improving the surface properties of aluminum alloys by coating them with a hard partially sintered WC/Ni electrode using the PM route through electro discharge coating (EDC). The central composite design (CCD) is used in experiments, and the optimal coating parameters are determined using the desirability approach. The corresponding optimal combination of discharge parameters, leading to the highest desirability, are compaction load = 154.5082 Mpa, current = 7.3842 amps, and pulse on time = 20.5282 mu s, with the achieved responses being MH = 753.8 HV and SR = 2.948 mu m. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe topographical changes during EDC, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is employed to identify the diffused electrode materials on the surface. (c) 2023 CIRP.
CIRP JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chang Xu, Xin Zheng, Shifei Shen
Summary: A numerical study was conducted on the effects of ambient temperature and humidity on the transportation of sodium chloride particles in a human airway model. The results indicated that particle size growth and deposition efficiency were influenced by humidity conditions, with supersaturation-induced condensation significantly promoting particle deposition, especially in cold-dry conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Weijie Li, Jinyan Wang, Lin Sang, Yuan Zu, Nan Li, Xigao Jian, Fei Wang
Summary: Laser surface treatment was applied to modify the surface properties of FDM-printed PEEK/CF samples, improving shear bond strength by adjusting laser parameters. Surface roughness was enhanced and surface wettability changed, leading to significant improvements in shear bond strength after laser ablation treatment.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yusheng Wang, Ruiping Ma, Siping Sun, Zhenzhen Hu, Chaofan Li, Miao Lou, Minjie Gong, Zhenbo Tong, Feilun Yang, Jingguo Chen, Guoxi Zheng, Jingliang Dong, Ya Zhang
Summary: Croup is a common cause of upper airway obstruction in children, characterized by narrowing of the subglottis mucosa. Inhaled corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for croup. This study analyzed the aerodynamic properties of different degrees of stenosis in croup and modeled the delivery of corticosteroid particles in the target area. The results showed a correlation between the degree of airway narrowing and upper airway pressure drop, in line with Bernoulli Obstruction Theory.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Nguyen Dang Khoa, Sixiao Li, Nguyen Lu Phuong, Kazuki Kuga, Hidetake Yabuuchi, Keiko Kan-O, Koichiro Matsumoto, Kazuhide Ito
Summary: This study used the CFPD method to investigate the deposition characteristics of ultrafine-to-coarse particles in the human respiratory tract. The results showed that ultrafine and fine particles predominantly deposited in the 8th generation, while coarse particles mainly deposited in the 6th generation. The right lower lobe had a higher deposition rate for coarse particles, while the left upper-lower and right lower lobes simultaneously had high deposition rates for ultrafine particles.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francisco J. Higuera, Juan Fernandez de la Mora
Summary: This study investigates a particle condensation device that uses cold and warm humid air streams to achieve water vapor condensation. Compared to existing water condensation particle counters, this configuration offers advantages such as variable saturation ratio, accelerated penetration of water vapor, and a relatively uniform saturation field.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Brijal Prajapati, Vishal Dharaiya, Manoranjan Sahu, Chandra Venkatraman, Pratim Biswas, Kajal Yadav, Delwin Pullokaran, Ramya Sunder Raman, Ruqia Bhat, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a low-cost particulate matter sensor and proposed a physics-based calibration method. The results showed that the physics-based calibration approach performed better compared to statistical models at both observation sites.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Correction
Engineering, Chemical
N. Searle, K. Kaur, K. Kelly
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tianyu Cen, Laura Torrent, Andrea Testino, Christian Ludwig
Summary: In this study, a hyphenated setup consisting of a rotating disk diluter (RDD) with spICP-MS (RDDspICP-MS) was used for online sampling and characterization of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in ambient pressure aerosols. The RDD allowed for constant flow rate sampling of aerosols and adjusting the dilution ratio for different particle number concentrations (PNCs). The feasibility of this setup was tested with different sizes of AuNPs in argon-based and air-based aerosols, and the results showed a lower limit of detection for number concentration. The capability of the setup to accurately investigate multi-modal samples and the interference of ionic species was also demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. Valenzuela, E. Bazo, R. A. Rica, L. Alados-Arboledas, F. J. Olmo-Reyes
Summary: This article introduces a method to measure the extinction cross section of levitated particles using an electrodynamic trap and double-cavity ring down spectroscopy technique, and demonstrates the potential of this method in 1,2,6-hexanetriol particles through simulations and experiments. Unlike traditional methods, this technique provides crucial information about the extinction cross section of sodium chloride particles during dehydration and hydration processes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shadi Yaqoubi, Mohaddese Sokuti, Sahand Mazloum-Ravasan, Kofi Asare-Addo, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Nokhodchi
Summary: In this study, a modified version of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was used to prepare salbutamol sulfate dry powder. The engineered particles showed suitable characteristics for effective drug delivery to the lungs and demonstrated acceptable aerosolization performance. This newly introduced method appears to be capable of producing dry powder formulations of different drugs without the need for surfactants or stabilizers.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ashley L. Nord, Patrice Dosset, Pierre Slangen, Manouk Abkarian
Summary: Phonation has been found to be a potent transmission route for the COVID-19 virus. To control transmission, it is important to measure the amount of aerosols produced by speech. Researchers used digital in-line holography to overcome experimental challenges and successfully imaged the formation and deformation of saliva filaments in the mouth during speech, as well as the resulting aerosolized droplets.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yating Wang, Yiyang Zhang, Zhu Fang, Xinxin Wu
Summary: The research investigates the energy dissipation in particle-wall collision with roughness using the finite element method. The results show that the presence of surface roughness leads to lower viscoelastic dissipation and higher restitution coefficient compared to a smooth surface. The collision time is identified as a key factor in predicting the energy dissipation.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shaamrit Balendra, Akshay Kale, Julie Pongetti, Mohsen Kazemimanesh, Molly Haugen, Lee Weller, Adam Boies
Summary: The measurement of airborne particles is important for detecting and characterising air pollution, emissions, fire detection, occupational and climate impacts. However, current optical particle counters (OPCs) cannot measure ultrafine particles. This study explores the limitations of miniaturising a condensation particle counter (CPC) growth chamber and provides a toolkit for optimising the design of miniaturised CPC-GCs.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Markus Snellman, Namsoon Eom, Maria E. Messing, Knut Deppert, Chris Hogan
Summary: Segregated bimetallic nanoparticles, such as core-shell nanoparticles, have attracted widespread interest in various fields like biomedicine, catalysis, and optoelectronics. Aerosol technology provides an optimal platform for controlling the size, structure, and composition of nanoparticles, which are crucial parameters for tuning the material performance for specific applications. In this study, researchers developed a novel evaporator design that allows on-line coating of core particles with a shell directly in the gas phase. By utilizing a local heater, the researchers were able to decouple the heating process of the evaporating material from the aerosol particles, thereby limiting core-shell alloying. The resulting core-shell particle formation with controllable shell thickness was demonstrated using evaporation of zinc onto core particles of gold, tin, and bismuth. Simple models were also discussed to explain the observed growth process inside the evaporator and the formation of the shell.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kentaro Misawa, Yuto Kasai
Summary: In this study, the laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to observe scattered and fluorescent signals from fluorescent polystyrene latex particles. The ratio of fluorescence to scattered signal intensities was found to be almost equal for particles of the same size, allowing for the separate observation of mixed-size fluorescent particles. Relative fluorescence intensities were obtained by incorporating ratios of fluorescence to scattered signal and relative scattered signal intensities.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sripriya Nannu Shankar, William B. Vass, John A. Lednicky, Tracey Logan, Rebeccah L. Messcher, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Stavros Amanatidis, Tara Sabo-Attwood, Chang-Yu Wu
Summary: This study introduces a testing system that allows for direct exposure of aerosolized viruses onto host cells. By collecting particles of different sizes and analyzing them, researchers obtained information on the concentration and viability of the virus at different particle sizes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)