Article
Engineering, Environmental
Steven J. Campbell, Battist Utinger, Alexandre Barth, Suzanne E. Paulson, Markus Kalberer
Summary: The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter is a key metric for assessing atmospheric particle toxicity. This study used two novel online instruments to quantify particle OP and investigated the influence of Fe(II) and Cu(II) on the OP of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Synergistic and antagonistic interactions were observed when Fe(II) and Cu(II) were mixed with representative biogenic and anthropogenic SOA. A kinetic model revealed important reactions among SOA components, transition metals, and ascorbate, impacting the OP.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Steven J. Campbell, Battist Utinger, Alexandre Barth, Suzanne E. Paulson, Markus Kalberer
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using two online instruments to quantitatively measure the oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter. It investigates the influence of Fe(II) and Cu(II) on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and reveals a range of synergistic and antagonistic interactions. The results provide new insights into the influence of metal and SOA interactions on particle OP.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Mohammad S. Islam, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Puchanee Larpruenrudee, Akbar Arsalanloo, Hamidreza Mortazavy Beni, Md. Ariful Islam, YuanTong Gu, Emilie Sauret
Summary: This study focuses on the analysis of microplastic transport and deposition in the upper lung airways. The findings reveal that the shape and size of microplastics, as well as the morphology of the airways, significantly influence the flow fields and deposition patterns. The research provides valuable insights into the understanding of microplastic transport in airways and can contribute to future therapeutics development.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Honggang Liu, Yibo Tang, Dongjuan Ma
Summary: The study explores the use of two-phase aerosols to prevent spontaneous combustion of anthracite coal, demonstrating a higher inhibitory effect on re-ignition and potential for fire extinguishing.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Huiyu Yu, Haifeng Gu, Zhongning Sun, Yanmin Zhou, Junyan Chen, Yingzhi Li
Summary: This study verified the applicability of the zero-dimensional model in the deposition and coagulation of aerosols. It was found that coagulation of aerosols can significantly affect the removal rate, while the combined effect of gravitational deposition and coagulation can increase the number density of aerosols with specific diameters, and the concentration-increment size would increase as settling continued.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jianlin Ren, Mengjia Tang, Atila Novoselac
Summary: This study developed a method to quantify particle deposition and resuspension on clothing and found that activity type, flooring type, and flooring condition significantly affect particle transport. Furthermore, the study found that particles previously loaded on clothing can resuspend and disperse throughout a house during light walking.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Delphine Costa, Jeanne Malet, Evelyne Gehin
Summary: This paper presents an experimental protocol for measuring aerosol deposition in large-scale ventilation ducts. A new experimental method is proposed for industrial-sized rectangular ducts, which differs from previous protocols for smaller ducts. The protocol focuses on the collection of deposited aerosols using a wiping technique and includes verification and validation processes. Results obtained from a test facility are compared with other studies.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Qianchao Ma, Yanmin Zhou, Haifeng Gu, Zhongning Sun, Lijuan Li, Xiangpeng Cui
Summary: This study conducted experimental research on aerosol deposition in single-sized bubbles in pool scrubbing, revealing the significant impact of bubble size on deposition efficiency, which is negatively correlated with bubble size and influenced by rising velocity.
PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengwei Luo, Xiaoping Zhang, Shuai Fu, Yong Li, Cunhui Li, Jinbin Cao
Summary: China's Chang'E-4 mission has provided the first measurements of low-energy cosmic ray spectra on the lunar surface, revealing slightly higher fluxes compared to near-earth spacecraft. Additionally, an enhancement of the He-3/He-4 ratio at a specific energy range and the confirmation of cosmic ray dawn-dusk symmetry were observed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
W. Rainey Johnson, Nicholas G. Roney, Hanbing Zhou, Geoffrey E. Ciarlone, Brian T. Williams, William T. Green, Richard T. Mahon, Hugh M. Dainer, Brett B. Hart, Aaron A. Hall
Summary: In this study, different treatment tables for severe decompression illness were compared. The results showed that TT6 performed as well as the other treatment tables and required the least resources. Therefore, TT6 is the most appropriate initial treatment for neurologic DCI in swine.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Muhammad Ali Ehsan, Asghar Ali, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muhammad Younas, Muhammad Zubair, Amir Habib, Abbas Saeed Hakeem, Naseer Iqbal
Summary: Highly effective MnO films were successfully fabricated on nickel foam via AACVD, exhibiting excellent performance as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. These films showed a large electrochemical surface area, a lower Tafel slope, and excellent durability, making them promising electrode materials for various electrocatalytic applications.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Alexander Makarchenko, Vyacheslav Kuzmin, Kajum Safiullin, Murat Tagirov
Summary: We conducted further investigation on nuclear hyperpolarization of He-3 in magnetized plasma. The study showed that the steady-state nuclear polarizations obtained by this method significantly increase with temperature and rf gas discharge power. We managed to achieve a polarization of almost 8% at the highest possible temperature in our setup, which is the highest polarization obtained by this method at 10 mbar to date.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvia E. Zieger, Peter D. Jones, Klaus Koren
Summary: Optical chemical imaging is a valuable technique for visualizing analyte distributions in 2D. Image resolution is essential for small-scale imaging and heterogeneous samples. Denoising filters can preserve relevant information but may also lead to a loss of spatial resolution and relevant information about analyte distributions.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
S. Miwa, E. Porcheron, S. Suzuki, Koji Okamoto
Summary: The study of aerosol particle deposition and dispersion is increasingly important in various fields, including aerosol monitoring, air pollution management, and industrial gas cleaning. In the nuclear industry, it plays a critical role in evaluating aerosol behavior and the potential release of radioactive materials. However, achieving completely repeatable experimental results remains challenging due to the complexity and varying precision of models.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Petri Tiitta, Ari Leskinen, Ville A. Kaikkonen, Eero O. Molkoselka, Anssi J. Makynen, Jorma Joutsensaari, Silvia Calderon, Sami Romakkaniemi, Mika Komppula
Summary: A new measurement technique using high resolving power imaging allows for more accurate determination of the microphysical properties of cloud droplets. The intercomparison of cloud droplet analyzers conducted in Finland demonstrated that holographic methods can directly measure the shape, size, and position of cloud droplets without making assumptions about particle properties.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Dickon Hayne, Nicole Swarbrick, Stephen McCombie, Andrew Moe, Cynthia Hawks, Pravin Viswambaram, Ciara Conduit, Elizabeth Chien Hern Liow, Lisa Spalding, Jarrad Bothe, Tom Ferguson, Andrew James Martin, Ian D. Davis, Andrew David Redfern
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
James Patrick Buteau, Andrew James Martin, Louise Emmett, Amir Iravani, Shahneen Kaur Sandhu, Anthony M. Joshua, Alison Yan Zhang, Roslyn J. Francis, Andrew Mark Scott, Arun Azad, Margaret Mary McJannett, Martin R. Stockler, Scott Williams, Ian D. Davis, Michael S. Hofman
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Martin R. Stockler, Andrew J. Martin, Ian D. Davis, Haryana M. Dhillon, Stephen D. Begbie, Kim N. Chi, Simon Chowdhury, Xanthi Coskinas, Mark Frydenberg, Wendy E. Hague, Lisa G. Horvath, Anthony M. Joshua, Nicola J. Lawrence, Gavin M. Marx, John McCaffrey, Ray McDermott, Margaret McJannett, Scott A. North, Francis Parnis, Wendy R. Parulekar, David W. Pook, M. Neil Reaume, Shahneen Sandhu, Alvin Tan, Thean Hsiang Tan, Alastair Thomson, Francisco Vera-Badillo, Scott G. Williams, Diana G. Winter, Sonia Yip, Alison Y. Zhang, Robert R. Zielinski, Christopher J. Sweeney
Summary: Enzalutamide improves overall survival in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, but has limited effects on health-related quality of life.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lauren Jade Fothergill, Amani Al-Oraibi, Jonathan Houdmont, Joy Conway, Catrin Evans, Stephen Timmons, Ruth Pearce, Holly Blake
Summary: This study aimed to analyze data from a national survey of the advanced clinical practice (ACP) role in England to inform the development of policies in the National Health Service (NHS). The survey revealed considerable variations in role titles, scope of practice, job descriptions, and educational backgrounds of ACPs. Inconsistent ACP frameworks and challenges in balancing the four pillars of advanced practice, particularly research, were also identified. ACPs called for improvements in supervision, professional development, and career pathways.
Article
Pediatrics
Kristy P. Robledo, William O. Tarnow-Mordi, Ingrid Rieger, Preeti Suresh, Andrew Martin, Carbo Yeung, Alpana Ghadge, Helen G. Liley, David Osborn, Jonathan Morris, Wendy Hague, Martin Kluckow, Kei Lui, Roger Soll, Melinda Cruz, Anthony Keech, Adrienne Kirby, John Simes
Summary: The study indicates that delaying cord clamping for at least 60 seconds can reduce the risk of mortality or major disability in very preterm infants at 2 years of age. The results show that infants in the delayed clamping group had lower rates of mortality and major disability compared to the immediate clamping group.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kiran Kumar Balegar, Madhuka Jayawardhana, Andrew J. Martin, Philip de Chazal, Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan
Summary: Improvement in regional oxygenation after packed red blood cell transfusion follows a hierarchical pattern, with prompt improvement in cerebral tissue oxygenation but not in splanchnic tissue oxygenation. This hierarchical recovery may indicate a vulnerability to transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis and warrants further investigation.
Article
Oncology
Sharon H. Nahm, Martin R. Stockler, Andrew J. Martin, Peter Grimison, Peter Fox, Rob Zielinski, Geoffrey At Hawson, Martin Hn Tattersall, Belinda E. Kiely
Summary: This study evaluated a web-based tool for estimating and explaining expected survival time for patients with advanced cancer. The results showed that presenting survival scenarios in three different outcomes was helpful for patients, family members, and healthcare professionals. The study also demonstrated that using a web-based tool to provide personalized prognostic information was feasible and safe.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew Martin, Nick Pavlakis, David Goldstein, Eric Tsobanis, Daniel Moses, Richard Maher, Wendy Hague, Val Gebski, Martin R. Stockler, R. John Simes
Summary: This study assessed the value of central review in evaluating PFS times in phase 2 clinical trials and found that it supported the reliability of trial results and conclusions.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lyn Ley Lam, Nick Pavlakis, Kohei Shitara, Katrin M. Sjoquist, Andrew J. Martin, Sonia Yip, Yoon-Koo Kang, Yung-Jue Bang, Li-Tzong Chen, Markus Moehler, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Thierry Alcindor, Christopher J. O'Callaghan, Niall C. Tebbutt, Wendy Hague, Howard Chan, Sun Young Rha, Keun-Wook Lee, Val Gebski, Anthony Jaworski, John Zalcberg, Timothy Price, John Simes, David Goldstein
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib alone and in combination with nivolumab in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer patients. The study consists of two international randomized controlled trials, comparing the efficacy of regorafenib versus placebo, and the efficacy of regorafenib plus nivolumab versus chemotherapy. The primary endpoint of the study is overall survival.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicholas C. Allen, Andrew J. Martin, Diona L. Damian
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sarennya Pathmanandavel, Megan Crumbaker, Andrew Nguyen, Andrew Yam, Peter Wilson, Remy Niman, Maria Ayers, Shikha Sharma, Adam Hickey, Peter Eu, Enid Eslick, Harry Marquis, Martin Stockler, Andrew Martin, Anthony Joshua, Louise Emmett
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Ian D. Davis, Andrew James Martin, Robert Richard Zielinski, Alastair Thomson, Thean Hsiang Tan, Shahneen Sandhu, M. Neil Reaume, David William Pook, Francis Parnis, Scott A. North, Gavin M. Marx, John McCaffrey, Raymond S. McDermott, Nicola Jane Lawrence, Lisa Horvath, Mark Frydenberg, Simon Chowdhury, Kim N. Chi, Martin R. Stockier, Christopher Sweeney
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Danka Zebic, Martin Stockler, Andrew Martin, Farzana Pashankar, Ben Tran, Danish Mazhar, Robert Huddart, Matthew Wheater, Euan Walpole, Elaine Dunwoodie, Darren Feldman, Alison Birtle, Amanda Stevanovic, David Wyld, Fritha Hanning, Peter Grimison
ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Sharon Nahm, Andrew Martin, Martin Stockler, Belinda Kiely
ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Adam Lewis, Joy Conway, Jack Middleton, Chris K. Startup, James Wyatt
Summary: This qualitative study investigated the experience of playing the harmonica for individuals with COPD. The study found that individuals initially struggle with playing the harmonica, but with practice and quality teaching, they are able to improve breathing control and find enjoyment and relaxation. Playing the harmonica not only offers a breathing control strategy, but also helps with mucous expectoration. Despite the loss of group interaction when participating online, the harmonica group remains an important part of participants' lives.
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francisco J. Higuera, Juan Fernandez de la Mora
Summary: This study investigates a particle condensation device that uses cold and warm humid air streams to achieve water vapor condensation. Compared to existing water condensation particle counters, this configuration offers advantages such as variable saturation ratio, accelerated penetration of water vapor, and a relatively uniform saturation field.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Brijal Prajapati, Vishal Dharaiya, Manoranjan Sahu, Chandra Venkatraman, Pratim Biswas, Kajal Yadav, Delwin Pullokaran, Ramya Sunder Raman, Ruqia Bhat, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a low-cost particulate matter sensor and proposed a physics-based calibration method. The results showed that the physics-based calibration approach performed better compared to statistical models at both observation sites.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Correction
Engineering, Chemical
N. Searle, K. Kaur, K. Kelly
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tianyu Cen, Laura Torrent, Andrea Testino, Christian Ludwig
Summary: In this study, a hyphenated setup consisting of a rotating disk diluter (RDD) with spICP-MS (RDDspICP-MS) was used for online sampling and characterization of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in ambient pressure aerosols. The RDD allowed for constant flow rate sampling of aerosols and adjusting the dilution ratio for different particle number concentrations (PNCs). The feasibility of this setup was tested with different sizes of AuNPs in argon-based and air-based aerosols, and the results showed a lower limit of detection for number concentration. The capability of the setup to accurately investigate multi-modal samples and the interference of ionic species was also demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. Valenzuela, E. Bazo, R. A. Rica, L. Alados-Arboledas, F. J. Olmo-Reyes
Summary: This article introduces a method to measure the extinction cross section of levitated particles using an electrodynamic trap and double-cavity ring down spectroscopy technique, and demonstrates the potential of this method in 1,2,6-hexanetriol particles through simulations and experiments. Unlike traditional methods, this technique provides crucial information about the extinction cross section of sodium chloride particles during dehydration and hydration processes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shadi Yaqoubi, Mohaddese Sokuti, Sahand Mazloum-Ravasan, Kofi Asare-Addo, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Nokhodchi
Summary: In this study, a modified version of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was used to prepare salbutamol sulfate dry powder. The engineered particles showed suitable characteristics for effective drug delivery to the lungs and demonstrated acceptable aerosolization performance. This newly introduced method appears to be capable of producing dry powder formulations of different drugs without the need for surfactants or stabilizers.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ashley L. Nord, Patrice Dosset, Pierre Slangen, Manouk Abkarian
Summary: Phonation has been found to be a potent transmission route for the COVID-19 virus. To control transmission, it is important to measure the amount of aerosols produced by speech. Researchers used digital in-line holography to overcome experimental challenges and successfully imaged the formation and deformation of saliva filaments in the mouth during speech, as well as the resulting aerosolized droplets.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yating Wang, Yiyang Zhang, Zhu Fang, Xinxin Wu
Summary: The research investigates the energy dissipation in particle-wall collision with roughness using the finite element method. The results show that the presence of surface roughness leads to lower viscoelastic dissipation and higher restitution coefficient compared to a smooth surface. The collision time is identified as a key factor in predicting the energy dissipation.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shaamrit Balendra, Akshay Kale, Julie Pongetti, Mohsen Kazemimanesh, Molly Haugen, Lee Weller, Adam Boies
Summary: The measurement of airborne particles is important for detecting and characterising air pollution, emissions, fire detection, occupational and climate impacts. However, current optical particle counters (OPCs) cannot measure ultrafine particles. This study explores the limitations of miniaturising a condensation particle counter (CPC) growth chamber and provides a toolkit for optimising the design of miniaturised CPC-GCs.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Markus Snellman, Namsoon Eom, Maria E. Messing, Knut Deppert, Chris Hogan
Summary: Segregated bimetallic nanoparticles, such as core-shell nanoparticles, have attracted widespread interest in various fields like biomedicine, catalysis, and optoelectronics. Aerosol technology provides an optimal platform for controlling the size, structure, and composition of nanoparticles, which are crucial parameters for tuning the material performance for specific applications. In this study, researchers developed a novel evaporator design that allows on-line coating of core particles with a shell directly in the gas phase. By utilizing a local heater, the researchers were able to decouple the heating process of the evaporating material from the aerosol particles, thereby limiting core-shell alloying. The resulting core-shell particle formation with controllable shell thickness was demonstrated using evaporation of zinc onto core particles of gold, tin, and bismuth. Simple models were also discussed to explain the observed growth process inside the evaporator and the formation of the shell.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kentaro Misawa, Yuto Kasai
Summary: In this study, the laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to observe scattered and fluorescent signals from fluorescent polystyrene latex particles. The ratio of fluorescence to scattered signal intensities was found to be almost equal for particles of the same size, allowing for the separate observation of mixed-size fluorescent particles. Relative fluorescence intensities were obtained by incorporating ratios of fluorescence to scattered signal and relative scattered signal intensities.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sripriya Nannu Shankar, William B. Vass, John A. Lednicky, Tracey Logan, Rebeccah L. Messcher, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Stavros Amanatidis, Tara Sabo-Attwood, Chang-Yu Wu
Summary: This study introduces a testing system that allows for direct exposure of aerosolized viruses onto host cells. By collecting particles of different sizes and analyzing them, researchers obtained information on the concentration and viability of the virus at different particle sizes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)