Article
Engineering, Chemical
Farnia Dastoorian, Leila Pakzad, Janusz Kozinski, Ehsan Behzadfar
Summary: Inhalation therapy using a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) is an effective treatment method for asthma patients. This study developed a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the aerosol flow from a pMDI into the mouth-throat area. The results showed that the flow patterns and drug deposition behavior were influenced by the air flow rate and cone angle. Increasing the air flow rate reduced the particle diameter, while increasing the cone angle increased mouth-throat deposition.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mona Al-Ahmad, David Webb
Summary: The study in a real-world population in Kuwait showed that switching asthma patients from ICS/LABA DPI to ICS/LABA pMDI can significantly improve lung function and increase asthma control within 12 months.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jesse Capecelatro, Worth Longest, Connor Boerman, Mostafa Sulaiman, Sankaran Sundaresan
Summary: This article reviews recent developments in computational modeling of dry powder inhalers (DPIs), focusing on the physical processes of aerosolization and deposition, performance evaluation using simulation techniques, and prospects for improvement.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ville A. Vartiainen, Federico Lavorini, Anna C. Murphy, Klaus F. Rabe
Summary: This review article discusses the sustainability of inhaler therapy in respiratory diseases, particularly the concern over the use of propellant-based inhalers with high global warming potential. It examines the airflow resistance of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and their effectiveness in different respiratory conditions, including exacerbations.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
David F. Fletcher, Vishal Chaugule, Larissa Gomes dos Reis, Paul M. Young, Daniela Traini, Julio Soria
Summary: This study used CFD simulations to investigate the impact of adding a grid to a two-inlet dry powder inhaler. The results emphasized the importance of selecting the correct turbulence modeling approach and boundary conditions for exploring the fluid and particle dynamics within the device.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
F. Huang, Y. Zhang, Z. B. Tong, X. L. Chen, R. Y. Yang, A. B. Yu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of geometrical variation, particle size, and airflow rate on fine particle deposition in the mouth-throat. The results showed that geometrical variation and respiratory conditions significantly influenced both deposition fraction and spatial distribution, with geometrical variation playing a more dominant role in particle escape pattern.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fen Huang, Xudong Zhou, Wen Dai, Jiaqi Yu, Zongyan Zhou, Zhenbo Tong, Aibing Yu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of relative inhalation parameters on the deposition of inhaled aerosols, including mouth-throat morphology, airflow rate, and initial particle conditions. In vitro experiments and in silico simulations showed that aerosol deposition was higher in a realistic mouth-throat model compared to a standard throat model. Increasing airflow rate improved drug aerosolization, but the fine particle dose peaked at a flow rate of 40 L/min before declining. Geometrical variation had a more significant effect, and the initial conditions of emitted particles from inhalers influenced the deposition location.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hyeonkang Park, Chang-Soo Han, Chun-Woong Park, Kibum Kim
Summary: This study investigates the effects of mouthpiece designs in carrier-based dry powder inhalation on aerosol particle characteristics. It is found that a mouthpiece with a spiral channel and mixing chamber is effective in delivering drug particles uniformly to the peripheral target regions of the respiratory system under low flow velocities.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gajendra Singh, Albyn Lowe, Athiya Azeem, Shaokoon Cheng, Hak-Kim Chan, Ross Walenga, Agisilaos Kourmatzis
Summary: This study investigated the transport of pharmaceutical dry powder inside an inhaler-like device using high-speed imaging, focusing on the effect of inflow modifications on the dispersion characteristics of agglomerates inside the device. By strategically perturbing airflow conditions, the research observed complete fluidisation of the powder bed and various behaviors such as local turbulence, bimodal fragment size behavior, and flow separation induced by changes in flow behavior. The study's findings provide valuable data for understanding the impact of inflow conditions on a dry powder inhaler-like device and validating computational models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hyeonkang Park, Chang-Soo Han, Chun-Woong Park, Kibum Kim
Summary: This study investigates the effects of adding bypass holes in a dry powder inhaler on aerosol particle characteristics. The direction, size, and position of the bypass holes in the inhaler passage were found to significantly influence the spray output. Adding bypass holes decreased the mean penetration length of drug particles by 12%, but simultaneously increased the spray angle by 35%, resulting in a significant decrease in forward particle momentum.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qixuan Zhu, Dazhao Gou, Hak-Kim Chan, Agisilaos Kourmatzis, Runyu Yang
Summary: This study conducted a numerical investigation using coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) to evaluate the impact of design changes in a commercial dry powder inhaler (DPI) device on the aerosolization of an API-only formulation. Six different designs were proposed by modifying the mouthpiece and chamber of the original geometry. The performances of these designs were evaluated in terms of powder deposition and fine powder fraction (FPF) in the device. The study found that the resistance and FPF emitted varied with different designs, highlighting the importance of the mouthpiece and chamber design on powder dispersion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qixuan Zhu, Maziar Kakhi, Chandana Jayasundara, Ross Walenga, Srinivas Ravindra Babu Behara, Hak-Kim Chan, Runyu Yang
Summary: This study develops a numerical model to investigate the effect of aperture size on powder dispersion in dry powder inhalers. The results show that larger apertures can reduce the emptying time of the capsule and increase the particle evacuation velocity. However, the impact energy of collisions is not significantly affected by aperture size. It is also found that inside the capsule, particle-particle collisions are more frequent, while outside the capsule, particle-wall collisions are more frequent.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Francesca Buttini, Eride Quarta, Chiara Allegrini, Federico Lavorini
Summary: Pulmonary drug delivery is focused on directing drugs to lung disease sites for maximum therapeutic benefit, with capsule-based dry powder inhalers (cDPIs) being a popular and convenient option for treating a variety of diseases. cDPI technology is relatively simple, cost-effective, and has a lower carbon footprint compared to other inhaler devices.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tzu-Yu Lin, Dah-Chin Yan, Yi-Jung Wang, Yu-Ting Liang, Tun-Liang Chen, Gwo-Hwa Wan
Summary: This study assessed the agreement between checklists and an aerosol inhalation monitor (AIM) in evaluating inhalation techniques. The results showed poor agreement between the checklist and AIM in actuation and inhalation time for MDIs, and moderate agreement for inspiratory flow. However, there was good agreement for inspiratory flow in DPIs. The AIM device can be used as an objective tool to assess and quantify specific inhalation technique steps for MDI and DPI users.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kaveh Ahookhosh, Maysam Saidi, Mousa Mohammadpourfard, Habib Aminfar, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Farnoud, Otmar Schmid
Summary: Inhalation therapy is crucial for the management of respiratory diseases, and pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are a popular drug delivery device. Computational study on flow structure inside pMDI and deposition of micron-sized particles in human airway model revealed significant impact of inhalation air flow rate and inhaler geometry on deposition patterns.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Arun Kolanjiyil, Sana Hosseini, Ali Alfaifi, Dale Farkas, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin, Michael Hindle, Laleh Golshahi, P. Worth Longest
Summary: A verified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate nasal spray deposition for different spray-pump designs, incorporating cloud motion effects. The accuracy of the CFD model was confirmed by comparing predictions with in vitro measurements, demonstrating the importance of two-way coupling for most nasal spray pumps.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Connor Howe, Mohammad A. M. Momin, Karl Bass, Ghali Aladwani, Serena Bonasera, Michael Hindle, Philip Worth Longest
Summary: Modifications to the nasal interface of an infant air-jet DPI were found to improve aerosol delivery performance, particularly in preterm nasal-throat models. By using a rigid curved prong and adding a metal mesh to dissipate turbulent jet, lung delivery efficiency was increased while nasal-throat deposition was reduced. The platform performed similarly in two different preterm airway models, with no statistically significant difference observed in performance metrics.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Worth Longest, Amr Hassan, Dale Farkas, Michael Hindle
Summary: The study aimed to determine the best spray drying conditions for a tobramycin excipient enhanced growth (Tobi-EEG) formulation in a pediatric air-jet dry powder inhaler (DPI) through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and aerosol characterization experiments. The newly recommended spray dryer conditions improved delivery performance of the lead Tobi-EEG formulation in pediatric inhalers.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Karl Bass, Mohammad A. M. Momin, Connor Howe, Ghali Aladwani, Sarah Strickler, Arun Kolanjiyil, Michael Hindle, Robert M. DiBlasi, Worth Longest
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different nasal prong configurations on nostril deposition of pharmaceutical aerosols in preterm infants. The results showed that the use of nasal prongs significantly affected the deposition of aerosols in the infant nasal cavity, calling for design alterations to improve lung delivery efficiency.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ali Alfaifi, Sana Hosseini, Amir R. Esmaeili, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin, Theodore Schuman, Worth Longest, Michael Hindle, Laleh Golshahi
Summary: This study developed a set of in vitro adult nasal geometries to improve the relationships between commonly conducted in vitro studies for locally-acting nasal spray drug products with in vivo regional deposition. By statistically analyzing and validating the performance of the models, this research aims to facilitate the development of locally-acting nasal sprays and provide a better understanding of how in vitro metrics relate to in vivo regional nasal deposition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dale Farkas, Morgan L. Thomas, Amr Hassan, Serena Bonasera, Michael Hindle, Worth Longest
Summary: This study evaluated the in vitro aerosol performance of a dry powder antibiotic product in pediatric subjects aged 2-10 years. The results showed that the product nearly eliminated extrathoracic depositional loss, demonstrated high efficiency nose-to-lung antibiotic aerosol delivery, and had little variability across subject age and administered air volume.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Connor Howe, Mohammad A. M. Momin, Ghali Aladwani, Michael Hindle, P. Worth Longest
Summary: The study successfully incorporated a passive cyclic loading strategy into the infant air-jet dry powder inhaler (DPI) platform and demonstrated high efficiency aerosol lung delivery under various conditions.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Benjamin M. M. Spence, Worth Longest, Rabijit Dutta, Mohammad A. M. Momin, Sarah Strickler, Michael Hindle
Summary: The objective of this study was to develop a new heated dryer system for efficient lung delivery of nebulized aerosol and demonstrate its performance through in vitro testing. The results showed that the system had high lung delivery efficiency and reduced drug loss.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rudra Pangeni, Tuo Meng, Sagun Poudel, Divya Sharma, Hallie Hutsell, Jonathan Ma, Bruce K. Rubin, Worth Longest, Michael Hindle, Qingguo Xu
Summary: Airway mucus is a complex gel that acts as a barrier against foreign pathogens and assists in their removal through mucociliary clearance. In respiratory diseases, changes in mucus properties lead to decreased pathogen capture and lung function decline. Designing aerosol delivery systems, such as muco-adhesive particles and muco-penetrating particles, can improve drug retention and absorption in the lungs. This review provides insight into airway mucus composition, rheological characteristics, techniques to study flow dynamics and particle diffusion, and advancements in engineering muco-penetrating particles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sana Hosseini, Ali Alfaifi, Amir Reza Esmaeili, David Edwards, Theodore Schuman, Worth Longest, Michael Hindle, Laleh Golshahi
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between nasal anatomical characteristics and drug deposition. The results showed no clear correlation between nasal anatomical characteristics and drug deposition, but a combination of specific variables can predict the range of drug deposition.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Arun Kolanjiyil, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin, Laleh Golshahi, Michael Hindle, Worth Longest
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of changes in spray cone angle, spray velocity, spray ovality, and droplet size distribution on regional nasal deposition using a computational fluid dynamics model. The results showed that spray cone angle had the greatest impact on nasal deposition, followed by plume ovality and characteristic droplet size. Spray velocity and droplet size distribution uniformity had only minimal influence. The study established quantitative relationships for predicting changes in nasal deposition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ghali Aladwani, Mohammad A. M. Momin, Benjamin Spence, Dale R. Farkas, Serena Bonasera, Amr Hassan, Michael Hindle, Worth Longest
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the spray performance of powders produced by different mesh nebulizers in the initial design of a new small-particle spray dryer system. Various mesh sources were used to spray dry an aqueous excipient enhanced growth (EEG) model formulation and the resulting powders were characterized. The medical-grade Aerogen Solo and Aerogen Pro mesh sources were selected as lead candidates for their superior aerosolization performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rudra Pangeni, Amr Ali Mohamed Hassan, Dale Farkas, Hadi Sudarjat, Worth Longest, Michael Hindle, Qingguo Xu
Summary: This study investigated the aerosol performance of a novel small animal air-jet dry powder insufflator (Rat AJ DPI) for delivering albuterol EEG aerosol to rat lungs. The Rat AJ DPI showed narrower aerosol size distribution profiles compared to the Penn-Century Insufflator. It also delivered significantly larger doses to rat lungs at a higher loaded mass and had a higher delivery efficiency compared to the manual actuation of the same dose.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Connor Howe, Mohammad A. M. Momin, Ghali Aladwani, Sarah Strickler, Michael Hindle, Worth Longest
Summary: This study focused on the development of an infant air-jet dry powder inhaler (DPI) that could be actuated multiple times with minimal user interaction. The metering system, consisting of a powder delivery tube (PDT) and a powder supporting shelf, could be tuned for individual powder formulations to maintain high efficiency lung delivery. The optimized infant air-jet DPI provided efficient and consistent lung delivery of aerosols based on in vitro testing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
Connor Howe, Dale Farkas, Serena Bonasera, Mohammad Momin, Michael Hindle, P. Worth Longest
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY
(2021)