Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephan Ehrmann, Francois Barbier, Julien Demiselle, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Damien Roux, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Mickael Landais, Philippe Seguin, David Schnell, Anne Veinstein, Philippe Gouin, Sigismond Lasocki, Qin Lu, Gaetan Beduneau, Martine Ferrandiere, Gaetan Plantefeve, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier, Nader Chebib, Emmanuelle Mercier, Nathalie Heuze-Vourc'h, Renaud Respaud, Nicolas Gregoire, Denis Garot, Mai-Anh Nay, Ferhat Meziani, Pascal Andreu, Raphael Clere-Jehl, Noemie Zucman, Marie-Ange Azais, Marjorie Saint-Martin, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Dalila Benzekri, Hamid Merdji, Elsa Tavernier
Summary: A 3-day course of inhaled amikacin reduced the burden of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients who had undergone mechanical ventilation for at least 3 days.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Robert F. Phalen, Mark D. Hoover, Michael J. Oldham, Otmar Schmid, Laleh Golshahi
Summary: This paper discusses methods for defining respiratory tract anatomy required for inhaled aerosol deposition models. Advances in scanning living subjects or non-dissected excised lungs have improved our understanding of airway anatomy, yet challenges remain. While current knowledge is adequate for modeling medical and environmental exposure cases, there is still room for improvement in understanding respiratory tract anatomy and addressing remaining anatomical issues.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Bahman Asgharian, Owen Price, Amy Creel, Jennifer Chesnutt, Jeffry Schroeter, Jonathan Fallica, Gladys Erives, Nashaat Rasheed, Susan Chemerynski
Summary: Predictions of respiratory tract dosimetry for inhalation of tobacco product smoke and aerosols are affected by the physicochemical properties of the puff constituents. These properties can change significantly with temperature, especially in the oral cavity and upper airways. Assuming fixed property values may introduce uncertainties in dose predictions. By studying the temperature evolution of the inhaled puff, this research aims to improve predictions of deposition and uptake of puff constituents.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gilles Vanderstocken, Nicholas L. Woolf, Giuseppe Trigiante, Jessica Jackson, Rory McGoldrick
Summary: This literature review provides an overview of the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in respiratory tract diseases, including infections. The advantages and challenges of enzyme therapeutics in the respiratory field are discussed, and several enzyme therapeutics currently used are identified and described. Recent developments in enzyme therapies and plant enzymes in (pre-)clinical stages are also included. The review highlights the potential benefits of enzyme therapeutics in respiratory diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Pediatrics
Alexander Gipsman, Moshe Prero, Philip Toltzis, Daniel Craven
Summary: The study aimed to assess the variability of inhaled antibiotic use in children with tracheostomy tubes at a tertiary care children's hospital. The study found that inhaled antibiotics were frequently prescribed for both treatment and prophylaxis of respiratory tract infections, but there was significant variation in the type, dose, frequency, duration, and co-prescription with systemic antibiotics. Prospective studies are needed to determine the best practices for the use of inhaled antibiotics in this patient population.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Alexie Mayor, Beatrice Thibert, Sylvain Huille, Renaud Respaud, Heloise Audat, Nathalie Heuze-Vourc'h
Summary: Respiratory infections are life-threatening, and therapeutic antibodies could benefit patients with pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria or emergent viruses. Inhalation of anti-infectious antibodies may be more effective than intravenous injection, but challenges remain in preventing protein instability during aerosolization. Repurposing antibody formulations developed for intravenous delivery for inhalation may not be straightforward, highlighting the need for specific formulation development for inhaled antibodies.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebecca M. Legere, Noah D. Cohen, Cristina Poveda, Jocelyne M. Bray, Rola Barhoumi, Joseph A. Szule, Andres de la Concha-Bermejillo, Angela I. Bordin, Jeroen Pollet
Summary: Research shows that complex mRNA delivery systems may not be necessary when transfecting epithelial cells through aerosolization, which can be a more convenient and effective method of delivering mRNA. Transfecting horses with naked mRNA through an atomization device successfully and safely without the need for chemical transfection agents demonstrated the potential to reduce cost and safety risks in delivering mRNA to the respiratory tract.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lianjun Chen, Haohui Ma, Guoming Liu, Xiangfei Cui, Qianqian Xu
Summary: This study used an idealized model of the human respiratory tract to simulate the gas flow field during steady and unsteady respiration, and analyzed the trajectory and deposition of particles. The results showed that during steady state breathing, airflow caused complex changes in the larynx, with particles primarily deposited in the pharynx due to impact and particle inertia. In non-steady respiration, a higher fraction of particles were deposited during inhalation compared to exhalation. Additionally, exhaling immediately after inhaling in a dusty room and holding the breath after inhaling during inhaled drug therapy both resulted in particle deposition. This study has positive implications for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of lung diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wanda G. H. Han, Arno Swart, Axel Bonacic Marinovic, Dirk Eggink, Johan Reimerink, Lisa A. Wijsman, Bas van der Veer, Sharon van den Brink, Anne-Marie van den Brandt, Sophie van Tol, Gert-Jan Godeke, Fion Brouwer, Marieke Hoogerwerf, Daphne F. M. Reukers, Nynke Rots, Chantal Reusken, Adam Meijer
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and diagnostics in household members after exposure. It found that children had higher viral loads than adults at symptom onset, and RNA in feces could be detected for longer. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detectable with a 90% probability from 7 days (total Ig) and 18 days (IgG) since symptom onset. RT-PCR on NP and OP specimens were more sensitive for early infection, while RT-PCR on feces specimens and serology were more valuable for late infection diagnostics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth Elder, Chandrashekar Bangalore Revanna, Catharina Johansson, Robert P. A. Wallin, Johan Sjoedahl, Ola Winqvist, Ali Mirazimi
Summary: Targeting the site of infection, inhalation of the subunit vaccine ISR52 based on SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein can induce local protective mucosal immune responses, providing superior protection against severe infection compared to subcutaneous injection. Inhalation of ISR52 also induces sustained Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses, cross-reactive IgG and IgA antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, and neutralizing antibodies. A dry powder formulation of ISR52 for inhalation is being developed for evaluation in a Phase I/II clinical trial.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zeguang Zheng, Kai Yang, Ni Liu, Xiuhua Fu, Huijie He, Hong Chen, Peijun Xu, Jing Wang, Maofeng Liu, Yuling Tang, Fengzi Zhao, Shufeng Xu, Xiaowei Yu, Jichang Han, Bo Yuan, Bin Jia, Guifen Pang, Yantong Shi, Min Kuang, Haiyan Shao, Hao Xiong, Jia He, Yuanyuan Pan, Rongchang Chen
Summary: This study demonstrated that inhaled ambroxol, taken orally or by injection, is an effective and safe drug for sputum clearance in respiratory diseases, compared to a placebo.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Teemu Lepisto, Luis M. F. Barreira, Aku Helin, Jarkko V. V. Niemi, Niina Kuittinen, Henna Lintusaari, Ville Silvonen, Lassi Markkula, Hanna E. Manninen, Hilkka Timonen, Pasi Jalava, Sanna Saarikoski, Topi Ronkko
Summary: Urban air fine particles pose a significant health-related problem, but there is a lack of understanding on how to monitor their health-relevant features. This study characterized urban wintertime aerosols in three different environments and found significant variations in particle characteristics and lung deposited surface area. The findings highlight the importance of particle number monitoring in relation to local pollution sources for assessing health effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christopher C. Butler, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Oghenekome A. Gbinigie, Najib M. Rahman, Gail Hayward, Duncan B. Richards, Jienchi Dorward, David M. Lowe, Joseph F. Standing, Judith Breuer, Saye Khoo, Stavros Petrou, Kerenza Hood, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Mahendra G. Patel, Benjamin R. Saville, Joe Marion, Emma Ogburn, Julie Allen, Heather Rutter, Nick Francis, Nicholas P. B. Thomas, Philip Evans, Melissa Dobson, Tracie-Ann Madden, Jane Holmes, Victoria Harris, May Ee Png, Mark Lown, Oliver van Hecke, Michelle A. Detry, Christina T. Saunders, Mark Fitzgerald, Nicholas S. Berry, Lazaro Mwandigha, Ushma Galal, Sam Mort, Bhautesh D. Jani, Nigel D. Hart, Haroon Ahmed, Daniel Butler, Micheal McKenna, Jem Chalk, Layla Lavallee, Elizabeth Hadley, Lucy Cureton, Magdalena Benysek, Monique Andersson, Maria Coates, Sarah Barrett, Clare Bateman, Jennifer C. Davies, Ivy Raymundo-Wood, Andrew Ustianowski, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Ly-Mee Yu, Paul Little
Summary: This study aimed to determine the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of molnupiravir in vaccinated high-risk patients in the community. The results showed that molnupiravir did not reduce hospital admissions or deaths associated with COVID-19 compared to usual care in this population.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Claudia Meindl, Kristin Oehlinger, Verena Zrim, Thomas Steinkogler, Eleonore Froehlich
Summary: Research revealed that different respiratory cells and co-cultures exhibited varied uptake and responses to nanoparticles, but healthy cells were able to adapt to low doses of non-cytotoxic particles.
Article
Respiratory System
Aviv Goldbart, Moran Lavie, Ronit Lubetzky, Giora Pillar, Daniel Landau, Yechiel Schlesinger, Ronen Spiegel, Inbal Golan-Tripto, Amit Nahum, David Greenberg, Asher Tal
Summary: This study compared the safety and efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) administered at two concentrations for infants with bronchiolitis. The results showed that the group treated with 150 ppm iNO achieved clinical improvement and discharge criteria faster than the other two groups. This treatment group also had a shorter hospital stay and no severe treatment-related adverse events were observed.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)