Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rocio Collado-Soler, Marina Alferez-Pastor, Francisco L. Torres, Ruben Trigueros, Jose M. Aguilar-Parra, Noelia Navarro
Summary: Childhood obesity and overweight rates are increasing exponentially, posing consequences for both the present and future lives of children. This article investigates the effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs in children aged 3-12 worldwide, using systematic review methods. The results reveal that these programs have a positive impact on knowledge and behaviors related to healthy habits and lead to a reduction in body mass index. However, income disparities and geographic variations were also identified. The article concludes by encouraging schools to incorporate these programs into their curriculum and emphasizing the importance of involving families.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Antonio Ferreras, Sandra Sumalla-Cano, Rosmeri Martinez-Licort, Inaka Elio, Kilian Tutusaus, Thomas Prola, Juan Luis Vidal-Mazon, Benjamin Sahelices, Isabel de la Torre Diez
Summary: Obesity and overweight are on the rise due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets. Machine learning (ML) has proved to be beneficial in the health sector, particularly in the development of algorithms and models for nutritionists and dieticians. A systematic review using the PRISMA protocol was conducted, resulting in the selection of 17 articles that applied ML and DL in disease prediction, treatment strategies, and personalized nutrition improvement. While DL was expected to yield better results, traditional methods remain more commonly used, with varying positive outcomes influenced more by transformed databases than the chosen AI paradigm. In conclusion, this compilation provides important insight into the application of ML in the field, highlighting its advantages over traditional statistics in terms of data modeling.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Mahdieh Golzarand, Asma Salari-Moghaddam, Parvin Mirmiran
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on the association between alcohol intake and overweight/obesity, revealing that heavy alcohol drinkers have higher odds of overweight, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity in cross-sectional studies compared to non- or light alcohol drinkers, with no significant association found in cohort studies.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Konstantina Dragoumani, Andreas Troumbis, Flora Bacopoulou, George Chrousos
Summary: This meta-analysis provides evidence that lifestyle interventions and/or drugs have a beneficial effect on children and adolescents with obesity or overweight, resulting in a reduction in body fat, an increase in circulating adiponectin, and a decrease in serum insulin levels and diastolic blood pressure. There is also a trend towards a reduction in circulating leptin and glucose levels, as well as HOMA-IR.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kathryn G. Dewey, Darcy Gungor, Sharon M. Donovan, Emily M. Madan, Sudha Venkatramanan, Teresa A. Davis, Ronald E. Kleinman, Elsie M. Taveras, Regan L. Bailey, Rachel Novotny, Nancy Terry, Gisela Butera, Julie Obbagy, Janet de Jesus, Eve Stoody
Summary: Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity in children aged 2 years and older, especially if the duration of breastfeeding is more than 6 months. However, further research with strong study designs is needed to confirm the causal relationship and to eliminate potential confounding factors.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Kota Vidyasagar, Jagdish Khubchandani
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between organic food consumption and the risk of obesity. The findings suggest that consuming organic food is associated with a lower probability of obesity, with a modest reduction in risk. Subgroup analysis showed that cohort studies had a stronger association than cross-sectional studies. Overall, organic food consumption can be an appropriate strategy in preventing obesity.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristina Maria Mendes Resende, Helker Albuquerque Macedo da Silva, Camilla Porto Campello, Livia Almeida Amaral Ferraz, Elker Lene Santos de Lima, Maria Aparecida Beserra, Maria Tereza Cartaxo Muniz, Lygia Maria Pereira da Silva
Summary: This review aimed to assess the association between rs9939609 and rs17782313 polymorphisms and obesity risk in children and adolescents. Results showed mixed findings, with some studies suggesting a positive association between the polymorphisms and obesity, while others found no association. Depending on the population and ethnicity, these polymorphisms could be linked to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mariam Mandoh, Julie Redfern, Seema Mihrshahi, Hoi Lun Cheng, Philayrath Phongsavan, Stephanie R. Partridge
Summary: Adolescent participation in obesity prevention research is mostly consultative, lacking leadership roles. Adolescent involvement should be emphasized in decision-making processes within research studies.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Louise Tully, Niamh Arthurs, Cathy Wyse, Sarah Browne, Lucinda Case, Lois McCrea, Jean M. O'Connell, Clodagh S. O'Gorman, Susan M. Smith, Aisling Walsh, Fiona Ward, Grace O'Malley
Summary: Obesity is a chronic disease affecting more and more children globally, especially those from marginalized populations in high-income countries. There are clinical practice guidelines available for managing child and adolescent obesity, but there is no systematic review comparing their quality or synthesizing their recommendations. The guidelines generally recommend multi-component behavior-change interventions focusing on nutrition and physical activity, but lack recommendations for addressing practical or social barriers. There is insufficient evidence to evaluate pharmaceutical and surgical interventions in children, and these are generally not recommended.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carrie T. Chan
Summary: This study aims to investigate the association between BMI and the incidence of PSF among pediatric patients with AIS. The results show that there is no significant association between underweight, overweight, or obese BMI categories and incident PSF.
Article
Biology
Mona Boaz, Vered Kaufman-Shriqui, Odile Azoulay, Talia Weinstein
Summary: This study compared the dietary status of overweight/obese and normal-weight hemodialysis patients, finding that regardless of body weight status, compliance with dietary guidelines among hemodialysis patients is poor.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah A. Purcell, Camila L. P. Oliveira, Michelle Mackenzie, Paula Robson, John D. Lewis, Carla M. Prado
Summary: This systematic review suggests that higher whole-body fat mass may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, especially advanced/aggressive prostate cancer. Abdominal adipose tissue may also increase the risk of prostate cancer. Future research should further investigate the relationship between body composition and cancer risk to develop more targeted prevention strategies.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Magdalena Zeglen, Lukasz Kryst, Przemyslaw Babel
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the impact of placebo and nocebo effects on weight loss. The findings suggest that placebo effects may lead to slight reductions in BMI and body fat ratio, while expectancies of taking oral weight-loss agents may elicit a nocebo effect. However, more research is needed due to the limited number of studies on placebos in weight loss.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yara de Moura Magalhaes Lima, Fernanda Andrade Martins, Alanderson Alves Ramalho
Summary: This study aimed to assess factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults from Rio Branco, Acre, in the western Brazilian Amazon. The study found that factors such as hypertension, physical inactivity, age, and smoking were associated with overweight, while hypertension and diabetes were associated with obesity. There is a need for public recognition of overweight and obesity and their possible associated factors in the Amazon and other similar regions.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Diana L. Palacios Ovalle, Susana Rodrigo-Cano, Aranzazu Gonzalez, Carla Soler, Ana I. Catala-Gregori, J. Francisco Merino-Torres, Jose M. Soriano
Summary: This study looked at the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic, finding that severe COVID-19 patients had higher average BMI values. A new term, COVID obesity, was proposed to define the importance of this anthropometric parameter in relation to the pandemic.
