Article
Forestry
Charles R. Frihart, Rishawn Brandon, Rebecca E. Ibach, Christopher G. Hunt, Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter
Summary: The study examined the impact of two different chemical modifications on wood bond performance, with Ac modification resulting in reduced water uptake but weakened ability of wood to form hydrogen bonds with adhesives, while the BO modification had less effect on bond performance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elodie Melro, Hugo Duarte, Filipe E. Antunes, Artur J. M. Valente, Anabela Romano, Magnus Norgren, Bruno Medronho
Summary: A new type of foam material was developed by partially substituting non-sustainable phenol with lignin extracted from pine wood residues using a green levulinic acid-based solvent. The novel foams were compared to commercially available lignin-based foams in terms of various features, including foam density, microstructure, surface hydrophilicity, chemical grafting, and mechanical and thermal properties. The research showed that up to 30 wt% of phenol can be replaced without compromising the foam properties, indicating the potential of lignin-based foams as sustainable and renewable alternatives to petrol-based counterparts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jinming Liu, Enjun Xie, Yanrong Tang, Rui Feng, Weixing Gan
Summary: Liquefaction products obtained from bagasse lignin and phenol with sulfuric acid as catalyst were used to synthesize bagasse lignin-based phenol formaldehyde (BLPF) resin. The BLPF resin showed a dark brown appearance, lower solid content, swelling degree, pH, and storage life compared to traditional PF resin. Although the bonding properties of the resin were undermined, the environmental performance was enhanced. The BLPF resin-based plywood had lower bonding strength, reduced formaldehyde emission, and increased weight loss compared to plywood made with PF resin.
SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Juris Grinins, Mairis Iesalnieks, Vladimirs Biziks, Ineta Gritane, Guntis Sosins
Summary: Phenol-formaldehyde resins have potential as treatment agents for wood protection, but the hydroxyl groups on the periphery make the resin absorb water, affecting the protection effect. To overcome this, PF pre-polymers were chemically modified with long-chain fatty acid chlorides to improve the hydrophobic properties. The results showed that the modified PF resin-treated wood had a higher contact angle, indicating better hydrophobicity, but the long-term outdoor application might result in the loss of hydrophobic properties.
Article
Polymer Science
Jinming Liu, Jianlin Fang, Enjun Xie, Weixing Gan
Summary: A novel type of phenol-formaldehyde resin was synthesized by reacting the liquefaction products of phenol and formaldehyde under acidic and alkaline conditions respectively. The relationship between the liquefaction behavior of cassava starch and the properties of the modified resin wood adhesive was investigated. The results showed that the bonding strength decreased with decreasing liquid-solid ratio, but still met the national standard requirement when the ratio was 1.0.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Miao Zou, Qiheng Tang, Wenjing Guo
Summary: In this study, high-strength wood-based laminated composites (DWLCs) were fabricated using delignified birch veneers as raw materials. The partial delignification process was found to enhance the mechanical properties of the wood-based composites. The strengthening mechanisms of the high-performance DWLCs were also investigated.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Archana Bansode, Lorena Alexandra Portilla Villarreal, Yuyang Wang, Osei Asafu-Adjaye, Brian K. Via, Ramsis Farag, Iris Beatriz Vega Erramuspe, Maria L. Auad
Summary: In this study, biobased novolacs phenol-formaldehyde (BNPF) resins were developed by partially replacing petroleum-derived phenol and formaldehyde with lignin derived from kraft biorefinery and modified kraft biorefinery-derived lignin, respectively. The lignin was chemically modified through the periodate oxidation process, and a series of BNPF resins were synthesized by replacing phenol and formaldehyde with lignin and oxidized lignin. The NPF resins exhibited the formation of methylene linkages in the phenolic rings. The bonding performance tests showed that BNPF resin adhesives have high adhesion strengths (>0.7 MPa). This research provides a promising perspective for utilizing natural polymers such as lignin for the synthesis of biobased wood adhesives.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Dongbing Li, Lingyan Zhu, Franco Berruti, Cedric Briens
Summary: Biomass fast pyrolysis in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor with two key innovations produced dry bio-oils with low moisture and acidity, which can be used to produce wood adhesives meeting international standards by substituting up to 65-80% of phenol.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili
Summary: This research investigated the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard panels bonded with maleated-lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (mLPF) resin. The results showed that by using maleated lignin as a substitute for phenol in the resin synthesis, the particleboard panels exhibited lower formaldehyde emission, higher dimensional stability, and improved mechanical strength.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehdi Mennani, Anass Ait Benhamou, Meriem Kasbaji, Abdelghani Boussetta, El-Houssaine Ablouh, Zineb Kassab, Mounir El Achaby, Nadia Boussetta, Nabil Grimi, Amine Moubarik
Summary: This study investigates the physico-chemical performances of lignins from cactus waste seeds and spent coffee, and their application in the manufacturing of plywood panels. Results show that these liginins can be effectively recovered with high hydroxyl phenolic content, and their application in the panels improves the strength and stability of the material.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Qian Lang, Vladimirs Biziks, Holger Militz
Summary: This study investigated the influence of different molecular weights of phenol formaldehyde resin on the sorption behavior of beech wood. The results showed that the modified samples had lower moisture content compared to the unmodified samples, and the decrease in moisture content was more significant with higher molecular weights of the PF resin. The sorption hysteresis of the modified wood also decreased compared to the unmodified samples.
Article
Polymer Science
Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili, Antonio Pizzi
Summary: The research aims to determine the influence of lignin modification methods on lignin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesive properties. The study shows that lignin treated with maleic anhydride exhibited advantages in gel time, viscosity, and solids content, with particleboard panels prepared showing the lowest formaldehyde emission and highest mechanical strength.
Article
Polymer Science
Wen-Jau Lee, Nien-Chih Hsiao, Yi-Chun Chen
Summary: In this study, wood of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don was liquefied with phenol as a solvent and then mixed with formalin to prepare spherical phenol-formaldehyde resin beads. The influence of the kind and dosage of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the properties of the beads was investigated. The results showed that the size and thermal properties of the beads were affected by the PVA used. The carbonized beads prepared with high PVA content had larger absorption volume.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Min Sun, Miao-Miao Hou, Xian-Zhang Wang, Bao-Jun Yang, Lin-Feng Zhai, Shaobin Wang
Summary: A mechanistic kinetic model was established to investigate the reaction kinetics in ECWAO process and verify the general applicability of the model for degradation of organic compounds with different catalysts. The study showed that the kinetics of the ECWAO reaction is best described by the LHHW model, with the reaction rate of organic pollutants controlled by the adsorption equilibrium constant of oxygen and rate constant of the surface reaction.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Qian Lang, Vladimirs Biziks, Holger Militz
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different molecular weights and concentrations of PF resin on beech wood. PF resin treatment improved the dimensional stability of the wood but decreased its impact bending strength and modulus of elasticity. Higher molecular weight PF resins were more uniformly distributed in the fiber lumens.