Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alejandro Salazar, Soledad Moreno-Pulido, Pablo Prego-Meleiro, Jesus Henares-Montiel, Jose Pulido, Marta Donat, Gabriel Sotres-Fernandez, Luis Sordo
Summary: This study found a correlation between prescribed opioid drugs and opioid-related deaths in Spain. This correlation can serve as a tool to monitor legal opioids and potential issues in the illegal market.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonatan Walde, Lisa Andersson, Bjorn Johnson, Anders Hakansson
Summary: This study found a temporal association between the drugs prescribed to individuals with a history of illicit substance use who died with opioids present in their blood, and the drugs found in their blood at the time of death. Prescription of certain drugs, especially alprazolam and diazepam, was significantly associated with death. These findings suggest the need for caution when prescribing these drugs to patients with a history of illicit substance use or concurrent use of opioids.
Article
Pediatrics
Junhan Cho, Lorraine Kelley-Quon, Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis, Afton Kechter, Sarah Axeen, Adam M. Leventhal
Summary: The study found that adolescent nonmedical prescription opioid use is associated with behavioral health problems such as major depression, hypomania or mania, cannabis, alcohol, and other drug use problems. Adolescents with these issues were more likely to use nonmedical prescription opioids. Furthermore, the higher the comorbidity of behavioral health problems, the greater the risk of subsequent nonmedical prescription opioid use.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sotiris Vandoros, Xiangpu Gong, Ichiro Kawachi
Summary: This study examines the association between unemployment and opioid prescribing in England, revealing a significant impact of unemployment on opioid prescription volume and potentially on health. Relevant labor market policies may play a protective role in controlling opioid use.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
J. Deanna Wilson, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Kevin Kraemer, Jane Liebschutz, Jessica Merlin, Elizabeth Miller, David Kelley, Julie Donohue
Summary: This study identified two trajectories of opioid prescribing patterns in opioid-naive youths, with high-risk trajectory associated with older age and longer, more potent initial prescriptions. Even short and low-dose opioid prescriptions can be associated with risks of persistent opioid use for youths.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Richard C. Dart, Janetta L. Iwanicki, Joshua C. Black, Heather A. Olsen, Stevan G. Severtson
Summary: Prescription drug misuse in the USA increased from the 1990s to 2010, leading to the development of new analytical strategies. The most commonly misused opioid medications and trends in misuse have been consistent across multiple data sources. Interventions such as prescription drug monitoring programs and abuse deterrent formulations have been effective in decreasing misuse of opioid analgesics.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kerry L. Beckman, Emily C. Williams, Paul L. Hebert, Madeline C. Frost, Anna D. Rubinsky, Eric J. Hawkins, Alyson J. Littman, Keren Lehavot
Summary: This study examines the association between military sexual trauma and opioid use disorder and high-risk opioid prescription, with a focus on the potential moderation by gender. The results indicate that military sexual trauma is significantly associated with a higher risk of opioid use disorder and high-risk opioid prescription, particularly in men.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Li Eriksson, Sarah Bryant, Samara McPhedran, Paul Mazerolle, Richard Wortley
Summary: This study found that a high proportion of homicide offenders in Australia had problematic substance use in the year preceding the offense, which was associated with factors such as adverse childhood experiences, criminal involvement, low socio-economic status, and low self-regulation.
Article
Psychiatry
Cassandra Chen, Mafuno G. Mpinganjira, Asha Motilal, Sandile Matukane, Relebohile Letsoalo, Tyler McKee, Zakithi Ntombela, Limuwani Mbulaheni, Taveer Hargovan, Joel M. Francis
Summary: Alcohol use and risky drinking were common among undergraduate students at Wits university in South Africa. Factors associated with alcohol use and risky drinking included sibling and parental alcohol use, white race, and frequent exposure to alcohol marketing in the media.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lauren Klein Warren, Joella Adams, Georgiy Bobashev
Summary: Although opioid misuse has been decreasing among US youths and adolescents in recent years, it is unclear what has contributed to this trend and how this trend differs by age group and sex over time. This study aimed to identify trends in opioid misuse among youths and young adults across different age groups, birth cohorts, and sexes. The findings suggest that high school-aged individuals consistently misused fewer opioids in later pseudocohorts overall and by sex, and sex differences in opioid rates diminished in later pseudocohorts.
Article
Plant Sciences
Douglas A. Becker, Matthew H. E. M. Browning, Olivia McAnirlin, Shuai Yuan, Marco Helbich
Summary: Opioid consumption and deaths due to opioid use have increased in the U.S. over the years. This study found that exposure to green spaces, contrary to expectations, was positively associated with opioid mortality. The findings suggest that heavily forested areas with poor socioeconomic conditions may contribute to this association.
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tharwat El Zahran, Elie Kanaan, Lynn Kobeissi, Joseph Bouassi, Aseel Sarieddine, Joseph Carpenter, Ziad Kazzi, Eveline Hitti
Summary: This study aimed to assess the utilization patterns and use disorder of benzodiazepines among Lebanese patients. The findings showed that over half of the patients met the criteria for benzodiazepine use disorder, with the majority being young females. Alprazolam was the most commonly used medication, and anxiety was the most common reason for benzodiazepine use. Most patients obtained their medications with a prescription, but they were not satisfied with the physician's instructions and had a lack of knowledge about the side effects and abuse potential of the medication.
Article
Surgery
A. Bhullar, J. Nahmias, A. Kong, L. Swentek, T. Chin, M. Schellenberg, A. Grigorian
Summary: The study compared the clinical outcomes of trauma patients screening positive for cocaine with those screening negative, revealing that positive cocaine users had similar risks of death and thromboembolic complications as negative users, but were more commonly associated with penetrating trauma.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Hui Lin Ngui, Audrey Siew Foong Kow, Sally Lai, Chau Ling Tham, Yu-Cheng Ho, Ming Tatt Lee
Summary: Alcohol use is a social norm in many communities, but excessive consumption or abuse can have detrimental effects on health. This review highlights the impact of alcohol on brain structures and its link to mood disorders. It emphasizes the importance of managing this issue and the urgency to address it appropriately.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
John Thompson, Jenna Salter, Peter Bui, Logan Herbert, David Mills, Deborah Wagner, Christine Brent
Summary: Intranasal naloxone at an initial dose of 0.4 mg showed equal effectiveness in treating prehospital opioid overdose compared to an initial dose of 2 mg, with a lower rate of adverse effects and a 79% reduction in cost.
ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sara N. Levintow, Brian W. Pence, Kimberly A. Powers, Alexander Breskin, Teerada Sripaipan, Tran Viet Ha, Viet Anh Chu, Vu Minh Quan, Carl A. Latkin, Vivian F. Go
Summary: The study found that severe depressive symptoms decreased the cumulative incidence of ART initiation among PWID living with HIV, but had no significant impact on viral suppression. Future research should further investigate the antagonistic effect of depression on treatment uptake in order to improve HIV clinical outcomes and reduce transmission among PWID.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
David W. McCormick, LaTonia Clay Richardson, Paul R. Young, Laura J. Viens, Carolyn Gould, Anne Kimball, Talia Pindyck, Hannah G. Rosenblum, David A. Siegel, Quan M. Vu, Ken Komatsu, Heather Venkat, John J. Openshaw, Breanna Kawasaki, Alan J. Siniscalchi, Megan Gumke, Andrea Leapley, Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo, Judy Kauerauf, Heather Reid, Kelly White, Farah S. Ahmed, Gillian Richardson, Julie Hand, Kim Kirkey, Linnea Larson, Paul Byers, Ali Garcia, Mojisola Ojo, Ariela Zamcheck, Maura K. Lash, Ellen H. Lee, Kathleen H. Reilly, Erica Wilson, Sietske de Fijter, Ozair H. Naqvi, Laurel Harduar-Morano, Anna-Kathryn Burch, Adele Lewis, Jonathan Kolsin, Stephen J. Pont, Bree Barbeau, Danae Bixler, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Emilia H. Koumans
Summary: Among persons <21 years of age with SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths, fatalities predominantly occurred among Black and Hispanic individuals, male patients, and older adolescents. Common underlying conditions included obesity, asthma, and developmental disorders. Decedents with coronavirus disease 2019 were more likely than those with MIS-C to have underlying medical conditions.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Michael Pickles, Anne Cori, William J. M. Probert, Rafael Sauter, Robert Hinch, Sarah Fidler, Helen Ayles, Peter Bock, Deborah Donnell, Ethan Wilson, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Sian Floyd, Richard J. Hayes, Christophe Fraser
Summary: This paper introduces an individual-based model called PopART-IBM, which is used to simulate HIV transmission in high prevalence communities. The model can rapidly simulate decades of HIV epidemic in a large community. By incorporating a Bayesian inference framework, the model is able to calibrate and predict the development of HIV epidemic in the community.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Connie Celum, Sybil Hosek, Mandisa Tsholwana, Sheetal Kassim, Shorai Mukaka, Bonnie J. Dye, Subash Pathak, Nyaradzo Mgodi, Linda-Gail Bekker, Deborah J. Donnell, Ethan Wilson, Krista Yuha, Peter L. Anderson, Yaw Agyei, Heather Noble, Scott M. Rose, Jared M. Baeten, Jessica M. Fogel, Adeola Adeyeye, Lubbe Wiesner, James Rooney, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe
Summary: The study showed high PrEP initiation rates among African adolescent girls and young women, with over half of the participants persisting with PrEP through 12 months. The majority of young women had detectable drug levels at 6 months, with approximately one-fifth exhibiting high adherence.
Article
Social Work
Sharoda Dasgupta, Yunfeng Tie, Linda Beer, Dita Broz, Quan Vu
Summary: Data analysis on HIV ancillary care services use among people who inject drugs reveals that dental care, drug/alcohol treatment, transportation assistance, and HIV peer group support are the most unmet needs, with lower levels of unmet needs for mental health services and HIV peer group support among individuals attending Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded facilities for HIV care. Barriers to care services vary by type, suggesting that implementing components of the RWHAP structure in non-RWHAP funded facilities may improve outcomes for PWID with HIV.
JOURNAL OF HIV-AIDS & SOCIAL SERVICES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
R. J. Fredericksen, B. M. Whitney, E. Trejo, R. M. Nance, E. Fitzsimmons, F. L. Altice, A. W. Carrico, C. M. Cleland, C. Del Rio, A. Duerr, W. M. El-Sadr, S. Kahana, I Kuo, K. Mayer, S. Mehta, L. J. Ouellet, V. M. Quan, J. Rich, D. W. Seal, S. Springer, F. Taxman, W. Wechsberg, H. M. Crane, J. A. C. Delaney
Summary: Except for cannabis, any substance use increased the likelihood of condomless sex. Condomless sex was associated with having perceived HIV-negative partners and with engaging in anal/vaginal sex.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Deborah Donnell, Kidist Zewdie, Natasha Ratna, Veronica Miller, John Michael Saunders, O. Noel Gill, Valerie Delpech, Hamish Mohammed
Summary: The study analyzed data from sexual health clinics in England between 2011 and 2018, finding that while rectal gonorrhoea rates increased among HIV-negative men who have sex with men, HIV incidence rates decreased. This suggests that rectal gonorrhoea may not be a reliable proxy for HIV incidence in trials, as the complex and context-dependent nature of HIV exposure risk is influenced by various factors.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Deborah Donnell
Summary: The use of cluster-level randomization in trial design is necessary when interventions have intended effects that cannot be measured with individual randomization. Decisions around the evaluation of primary outcomes in cluster randomized trials are guided by intervention effectiveness, but also involve considerations of potential bias, statistical power, and implementation feasibility. Through the lens of three completed cluster randomized trials in HIV prevention, specific choices made for the evaluation plan, as well as considerations and modifications that occurred during trial implementation, are presented.
Article
Immunology
Mark W. Tenforde, Owen J. Devine, Heather E. Reese, Benjamin J. Silk, A. Danielle Iuliano, Ryan Threlkel, Quan M. Vu, Ian D. Plumb, Betsy L. Cadwell, Charles Rose, Molly K. Steele, Melissa Briggs-Hagen, Daniel Ayoubkhani, Piotr Pawelek, Vahe Nafilyan, Sharon H. Saydah, Jeanne Bertolli
Summary: Based on household survey data and reported SARS-CoV-2 cases, it is estimated that at least 3.0-5.0 million US adults, or 1.2%-1.9% of the US adult population, had activity-limiting post-COVID conditions of >= 1 month's duration on November 1, 2021. The prevalence was higher in females than males.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Brett S. Hanscom, Deborah J. Donnell, Thomas R. Fleming, James P. Hughes, Marybeth McCauley, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Raphael J. Landovitz, Scott S. Emerson
Summary: The HIV Prevention Trials Network 083 trial compared the novel experimental regimen of long-acting injectable cabotegravir with the active-control regimen of daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for HIV prevention. The trial was stopped early due to strong evidence of efficacy, showing that the experimental regimen was superior.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara N. Levintow, Brian W. Pence, Teerada Sripaipan, Tran Viet Ha, Viet Anh Chu, Vu Minh Quan, Carl A. Latkin, Vivian F. Go, Kimberly A. Powers
Summary: Among people who inject drugs, there is a correlation between the severity of depression and HIV transmission, and effective depression interventions may reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Article
Health Policy & Services
Sahar Z. Zangeneh, Ethan A. Wilson, Surabhi Ahluwalia, Deborah J. Donnell, Ying Q. Chen, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Marineide G. Melo, Sheela V. Godbole, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Taha Taha, Johnston Kumwenda, Marybeth McCauley, Myron S. Cohen, Karin Nielsen-Saines
Summary: This study explored the impact of pregnancy on HIV disease stage and progression. The findings suggest that becoming pregnant does not pose a threat to maternal health in women with HIV when there is access to medical care and antiretroviral treatment.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Nyaradzo Mgodi, Linda-Gail Bekker, Jared M. Baeten, Chuwen Li, Deborah Donnell, Yaw Agyei, Denni Lennon, Scott M. Rose, Marcia Mokgatle, Sheetal Kassim, Shorai Mukaka, Adeola Adeyeye, Connie Celum
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young African women seeking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The findings showed that despite PrEP usage, 55% of the participants had at least one STI detected. Therefore, alternative approaches for diagnosis and treatment are needed to reduce the burden of STIs in this population.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aroon La-up, Udomsak Saengow, Apinun Aramrattana
Summary: The study revealed an association between Kratom use and elevated high-density lipoprotein levels, as well as a decrease in triglyceride levels, but no association with low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels was found.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara N. Levintow, Brian W. Pence, Kimberly A. Powers, Teerada Sripaipan, Tran Viet Ha, Viet Anh Chu, Vu Minh Quan, Carl A. Latkin, Vivian F. Go
Summary: The study found a correlation between severe depressive symptoms and injection equipment sharing, with unclear effects on sexual behaviors. The cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and injection equipment sharing was stronger than the longitudinal effect.