Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 7
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages 299-324Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015902
Keywords
phytoplankton diversity; next-generation sequencing; molecular ecology
Funding
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1046297, 1031064, 1126749] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The biodiversity of phytoplankton is a core measurement of the state and activity of marine ecosystems. In the context of historical approaches, we review recent major advances in the technologies that have enabled deeper characterization of the biodiversity of phytoplankton. In particular, high-throughput sequencing of single loci/genes, genomes, and communities (metagenomics) has revealed exceptional phylogenetic and genomic diversity whose breadth is not fully constrained. Other molecular tools-such as fingerprinting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization-have provided additional insight into the dynamics of this diversity in the context of environmental variability. Techniques for characterizing the functional diversity of community structure through targeted or untargeted approaches based on RNA or protein have also greatly advanced. A wide range of techniques is now available for characterizing phytoplankton communities, and these tools will continue to advance through ongoing improvements in both technology and data interpretation.
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