Article
Oncology
Naseruddin Hoti, Tung-Shing Lih, Mingming Dong, Zhen Zhang, Leslie Mangold, Alan W. Partin, Lori J. Sokoll, Qing Kay Li, Hui Zhang
Summary: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in men in the United States. The commonly used method of diagnosis involves digital rectal examination and serum PSA assay, followed by prostate gland biopsy. However, false elevations in PSA levels can lead to unnecessary biopsies. This study evaluated the use of urinary PSA as a predictive marker for aggressive prostate cancer, and found that it had higher predictive power compared to serum PSA. Combining serum and urinary PSA levels further enhanced the detection of aggressive prostate cancer.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nebil Akdogan, I. Atilla Aridogan, Volkan Izol, Mutlu Deger, Fatih Gokalp, Yildirim Bayazit, M. Zuhtu Tansug
Summary: The study of 258 patients who underwent TRUS-guided biopsy revealed that PHI has higher specificity than PSA in detecting prostate cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Hendrik Van Poppel, Tit Albreht, Partha Basu, Renee Hogenhout, Sarah Collen, Monique Roobol
Summary: The introduction of serum PSA test led to contradictory outcomes and overdiagnosis in prostate cancer screening trials. However, re-evaluation showed that PSA-based screening can reduce prostate cancer mortality. The debate on screening continues due to the issue of overdiagnosis.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Ozge Karanfil
Summary: In this study, a new simulation model and case study are presented to explore the long-term dynamics of routine population screening for disease detection. The model focuses on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer (PCa) and includes the natural progression of the disease, changes in population size and composition, clinical detection, adoption of PSA screening by medical professionals, and dissemination of the screening test. The key outcomes of the model assess the tradeoff between the harms and benefits of screening, including overdiagnosis, unnecessary biopsies, and false positives. The study emphasizes the importance of metrics not commonly considered in existing literature and modeling studies, and aims to provide a reliable model structure for medical screening and inform policymakers.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Simona Ferraro, Marco Bussetti, Mauro Panteghini
Summary: Current clinical guidelines overlook the poor interchangeability of PSA results from different assays and the significant impact of laboratory issues on the clinical performance of PSA testing. Stakeholders should contribute to bridging this gap.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linda Kachuri, Thomas J. Hoffmann, Yu Jiang, Sonja I. Berndt, John P. Shelley, Kerry R. Schaffer, Mitchell J. Machiela, Neal D. Freedman, Wen-Yi Huang, Shengchao A. Li, Ryder Easterlin, Phyllis J. Goodman, Cathee Till, Ian Thompson, Hans Lilja, Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, Stephen J. Chanock, Christopher A. Haiman, David V. Conti, Robert J. Klein, Jonathan D. Mosley, Rebecca E. Graff, John S. Witte
Summary: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer remains controversial due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. However, accounting for genetic determinants of PSA variation may improve screening accuracy.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Junqi Zhao, Hao Ma, Yawen Liu, Baofeng Xu, Lina Song, Xiaoxia Han, Rui Liu, Chengyan He, Ziyi Cheng, Bing Zhao
Summary: The ratio of f-PSA% is more accurate in diagnosing prostate cancer and distinguishing it from other prostate diseases than the concentration of t-PSA alone. A SERS-based biosensor was developed in this study to simultaneously detect t-PSA and f-PSA. The biosensor combines Raman frequency shifts and intensities, simplifying traditional procedures for f-PSA% detection and showing great potential in highly reproducible and accurate diagnosis of prostate cancers.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohamad Mahani, Fatemeh Alimohamadi, Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani, Zahra Hassani, Faeze Khakbaz, Faten Divsar, Mehdi Yoosefian
Summary: In this study, an ultra-sensitive label-free nanobiosensor was developed for the detection of PSA at low concentrations in urine samples. Computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the binding mechanism between antibody and PSA protein, while factors affecting the detection were optimized to achieve a detection limit of 0.2 ng mL(-1) and calibration sensitivity of 0143.75 nm (ng mL(-1)).
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Nam, Chirag Patel, Laurent Milot, Amanda Hird, Christopher Wallis, Patrick Macinnis, Mala Singh, Urban Emmenegger, Christopher Sherman, Masoom A. Haider
Summary: This study aimed to compare the prostate cancer detection rates between patients undergoing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer screening. The results showed that using MRI as a stand-alone screening test reduced the number of prostate biopsies.
Article
Oncology
Peter C. Albertsen
Summary: Any effective screening program must meet two criteria: identifying clinically significant diseases earlier than their clinical presentation, and having available treatments that can alter the disease's natural history. The controversy surrounding PSA testing since 1991 revolves around these two points. Studies on screening and treatment have provided insights into the natural history of PSA-identified cancers and the impact of treatment, raising questions about the mechanism of reducing prostate cancer mortality. This essay reflects on disease progression mechanisms and their implications for future screening and treatment efforts.
UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Aurore Carrot, Reza-Thierry Elaidi, Olivier Colomban, Denis Maillet, Michel Tod, Benoit You, Stephane Oudard
Summary: This study analyzed a phase III trial dataset in metastatic prostate cancer patients, demonstrating the significant prognostic value of modeled PSA kinetics parameters assessed using mathematical modeling. The results suggest that these parameters could serve as early prognostic/predictive factors in patients undergoing systemic treatments.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aoife M. Egan, Fidelma P. Dunne
Summary: The randomized controlled trial found that using lower glycaemic criteria for diagnosing and treating gestational diabetes mellitus does not reduce the risk of large-for-gestational-age infants across a population. However, individuals with mild hyperglycaemia who would otherwise remain undiagnosed experienced important health benefits from treatment.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Samuel W. D. Merriel, Lucy Pocock, Emma Gilbert, Sam Creavin, Fiona M. Walter, Anne Spencer, Willie Hamilton
Summary: The evidence currently available suggests that PSA is highly sensitive but poorly specific for detecting prostate cancer in symptomatic patients. However, limitations in study design and reference test reduce the certainty of this estimate. There is limited evidence regarding the performance of PSA in primary care, where most testing is done.
Article
Biophysics
Haotian Liang, Xuegang Wang, Fajun Li, Yinong Xie, Jiaqing Shen, Xueqin Wang, Yuqian Huang, Shaowei Lin, Junjie Chen, Lijian Zhang, Bingliang Jiang, Jinchun Xing, Jinfeng Zhu
Summary: Researchers have developed a label-free biosensor based on wafer-scale plasmonic meta-surfaces and a flexible spectral methodology for the rapid and precise diagnosis of early prostate cancer. This method has a diagnostic sensitivity of 92.3%, significantly higher than conventional PSA tests, and can be used for the detection of exosomes in serum.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fabio Grizzi, Carmen Bax, Mohamed A. A. A. Hegazi, Beatrice Julia Lotesoriere, Matteo Zanoni, Paolo Vota, Rodolfo Fausto Hurle, Nicolo Maria Buffi, Massimo Lazzeri, Lorenzo Tidu, Laura Capelli, Gianluigi Taverna
Summary: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Existing diagnostic methods have limitations, therefore it is important to identify new biomarkers for early detection. Trained dogs have shown potential in identifying specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with prostate cancer, but using them in clinical practice is challenging. An electronic nose (eNose) has been designed to mimic the dog olfactory system and diagnose prostate cancer. Pooled results suggest that while trained dogs and eNose have diagnostic potential, challenges exist in their implementation.
