Article
Immunology
Alvaro de Mingo Pulido, Kay Hanggi, Daiana P. Celias, Alycia Gardner, Jie Li, Bruna Batista-Bittencourt, Eslam Mohamed, Jimena Trillo-Tinoco, Olabisi Osunmakinde, Reymi Pena, Alexis Onimus, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Johanna Kaufmann, Kristen McEachern, Hatem Soliman, Vincent C. Luca, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Xiaoqing Yu, Brian Ruffell
Summary: Blockade of the inhibitory receptor TIM-3 has shown efficacy in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy, specifically in enhancing antitumor immunity in mammary carcinomas by increasing CXCL9 expression by cDC1 cells. This increased expression required type I interferons and extracellular DNA, with DNA uptake and efficacy of TIM-3 blockade being dependent on HMGB1 and galectin-9-induced cell surface clustering of TIM-3, suggesting a potential mechanism for TIM-3 immunotherapy.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ornella Pagliano, Robert M. Morrison, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Hridesh Banerjee, Diwakar Davar, Quanquan Ding, Tokiyoshi Tanegashima, Wentao Gao, Saranya R. Chakka, Richelle DeBlasio, Ava Lowin, Kevin Kara, Mignane Ka, Bochra Zidi, Rada Amin, Itay Raphael, Shuowen Zhang, Simon C. Watkins, Cindy Sander, John M. Kirkwood, Marcus Bosenberg, Ana C. Anderson, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Lawrence P. Kane, Alan J. Korman, Arvind Rajpal, Sean M. West, Minhua Han, Christine Bee, Xiaodi Deng, Xiao Min Schebye, Pavel Strop, Hassane M. Zarour
Summary: Tim-3 blockade disrupts the trogocytosis of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells and PD-1(+)Tim-3(+) CD8(+) TILs, leading to decreased tumor burden and prolonged survival in melanoma.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John T. Schroeder, Anja P. Bieneman
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic with significant health and socioeconomic consequences. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), possibly due to a dysregulated innate immune response or cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in the infection process, and recent research has shown that the S1 subunit can activate monocytes to produce cytokines associated with CRS in COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Diana Boraschi
Summary: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine that plays a significant role in inflammation and immune response, primarily produced by macrophages during defensive reactions. It belongs to a superfamily of structurally similar proteins and acts through binding to specific receptors on the plasma membrane of target cells. IL-1 family cytokines not only have innate immune and inflammatory effects but also appear to be involved in the development of adaptive immunity in vertebrates.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Carmen Picon, Amalia Tejeda-Velarde, Jose Ignacio Fernandez-Velasco, Manuel Comabella, Roberto Alvarez-Lafuente, Ester Quintana, Susana Sainz de la Maza, Enric Monreal, Noelia Villarrubia, Jose Carlos Alvarez-Cermeno, Maria Inmaculada Dominguez-Mozo, Lluis Ramio-Torrenta, Eulalia Rodriguez-Martin, Ernesto Roldan, Yolanda Aladro, Silvia Medina, Mercedes Espino, Jaime Masjuan, Clara Matute-Blanch, Marta Munoz-San Martin, Carmen Espejo, Carmen Guaza, Alfonso Muriel, Lucienne Costa-Frossard, Luisa Maria Villar
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergo an early immunosenescence process with age, impacting treatment response and infection risks. Lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) in MS patients may modify the immunological profile influenced by age. Additionally, age leads to changes in CSF levels of various molecules and cellular subsets, affecting disability in MS patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alice Hamilton, Raffaella Rizzo, Samuel Brod, Masahiro Ono, Mauro Perretti, Dianne Cooper, Fulvio D'Acquisto
Summary: Social isolation has a significant impact on the immune regulation of mice, enhancing their resistance to bacterial infection. Social housing and huddling behavior may be important factors in regulating the host immune response.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Holden T. Maecker
Summary: Understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the host immune system, induction of antibody and T cell responses, importance of innate immune responses, and impact of baseline immune profiles and changes on predicting disease progression are crucial for the development of immune monitoring tools for COVID-19.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Alex Kayongo, Nicole M. Robertson, Trishul Siddharthan, Moses Levi Ntayi, Josephine Caren Ndawula, Obondo J. Sande, Bernard S. Bagaya, Bruce Kirenga, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Moses L. Joloba, Sofia K. Forslund
Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major contributor to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. The impact is expected to increase, with approximately five million people predicted to die from COPD-related causes each year in the next 40 years. The immune mechanisms driving disease progression, as well as the relationship between airway microbiome changes and immune activation, remain unclear.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antony Hoarau, Myriam Polette, Christelle Coraux
Summary: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions in the lungs. The size of HA determines its pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The interactions between HA and hyaladherins play a role in HA activities. LMW-HA is involved in pulmonary innate immunity by activating various cells, making it a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory respiratory diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takahiro Kawasaki, Fuminori Sugihara, Kiyoharu Fukushima, Takanori Matsuki, Hiroshi Nabeshima, Tomohisa Machida, Yuichi Mitsui, Saki Fujimura, Rio Sagawa, Lee Gaheun, Kanako Kuniyoshi, Hiroki Tanaka, Masashi Narazaki, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Shizuo Akira, Takashi Satoh
Summary: The study demonstrates that FCHSD1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of emphysema by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NRF2 and subsequently down-regulating SIRT1 levels, promoting the development of the disease.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuiqing Hu, Yan Fang, Xiang Chen, Tianlei Cheng, Miaoqing Zhao, Mingjian Du, Tuo Li, Minghao Li, Zhiqun Zeng, Yonglong Wei, Zhimin Gu, Conggang Zhang, Lijun Sun, Zhijian J. Chen
Summary: cGAS plays a crucial role in controlling the development of colitis-associated colon cancer by defending the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, suppressing inflammation, and promoting the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Elsa Anes, David Pires, Manoj Mandal, Jose Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
Summary: This review highlights the spatial localization of cathepsins and their implications in immune activation and resolution pathways during infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Melissa Prat, Kimberley Coulson, Clement Blot, Godefroy Jacquemin, Mathilde Romano, Marie-Laure Renoud, Mohamad AlaEddine, Augustin Le Naour, Helene Authier, Mouna Chirine Rahabi, Khaddouj Benmoussa, Marie Salon, Melissa Parny, Jean-Pierre Delord, Gwenael Ferron, Lise Lefevre, Bettina Couderc, Agnes Coste
Summary: In this study, it was found that activation of PPARγ in treated small peritoneal macrophages can inhibit ovarian adenocarcinoma growth, regulate the proportion of immune cells, and attenuate the immunosuppressive properties of tumor-associated macrophages.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan-Quinten Mol, Julia van Tuijl, Siroon Bekkering, Charlotte D. C. C. van der Heijden, Sander A. J. Damen, Benjamin C. Cossins, Liesbeth van Emst, Tim M. Nielen, Laura Rodwell, Yang Li, Gheorghe A. M. Pop, Mihai G. Netea, Niels van Royen, Niels P. Riksen, Saloua El Messaoudi
Summary: An increasing number of patients develop non-traditional risk factor-induced myocardial infarction, and this study investigated the role of trained immunity in these patients. It was found that monocytes from patients with myocardial infarction had increased cytokine production capacity, particularly interleukin-10, which was associated with specific histone marks. Considering the lack of intervenable risk factors, trained immunity could be a promising target for future therapy.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joanne Bowen, Courtney Cross
Summary: This review highlights the potential focus on innate immune response as a research area for understanding the pathogenesis of OM and developing interventions for patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Further investigation is needed into the contribution of barriers, pattern recognition systems, and microbial composition in early damage signaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Lindsay S. Cahill, Grace Mercer, Dakshita Jagota, Anjana Ravi Chandran, Natasha Milligan, Shiri Shinar, Clare L. Whitehead, Sebastian R. Hobson, Lena Serghides, W. Tony Parks, Christopher K. Macgowan, John C. Kingdom, John G. Sled, Ahmet A. Baschat
Summary: The study found a relationship between blood flow in the fetal descending aorta and discordant umbilical arteries, suggesting that measurements of the descending aorta pulsatility index may be useful in assessing feto-placental circulation stability in the presence of discordant umbilical artery pulsatility indices.
JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shiri Shinar, Swati Agrawal, Michelle Ryu, Sharon Walmsley, Lena Serghides, Mark H. Yudin, Kellie E. Murphy
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that pregnant women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy have an increased risk of preterm birth, low birthweight, and small-for-gestational age in high resource countries compared with HIV-negative controls. The risk of preterm birth and low birthweight is also higher in low income countries for these women.
ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Rodney K. Rousseau, Sharon L. Walmsley, Terry Lee, Ron Rosenes, Robert J. Reinhard, Fat Malazogu, Erika Benko, Sanja Huibner, Colin M. Kovacs, Joel Singer, Connie J. Kim, Rupert Kaul
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplementation could reduce immune activation in HIV-positive individuals with the immunologic nonresponder phenotype. The results showed that supplementation with probiotics did not reduce immune activation markers and may have increased CD4(+) T-cell activation.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Caroline E. Dunk, Lena Serghides
Summary: The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnancy is crucial for maternal health and has successfully reduced vertical transmission rates. However, reports suggest that women with HIV using ART during pregnancy may have higher rates of low birthweight and preterm births, particularly with the use of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir, which may affect placental and uteroplacental pathology.
Article
Microbiology
Ronald M. Galiwango, Daniel E. Park, Sanja Huibner, Abigail Onos, Maliha Aziz, Kelsey Roach, Aggrey Anok, James Nnamutete, Yahaya Isabirye, John Bosco Wasswa, Deo Male, Godfrey Kigozi, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Jessica L. Prodger, Cindy M. Liu, Rupert Kaul
Summary: The distal urethra in uncircumcised Ugandan men is immunologically rich with characteristics of an HIV-susceptible tissue site. Penile circumcision (PC) has no impact on urethral immunology and may reduce epithelial integrity, despite modest reductions in total bacteria and anaerobes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Julian C. Gilmore, Md Tozammel Hoque, Wanying Dai, Haneesha Mohan, Caroline Dunk, Lena Serghides, Reina Bendayan
Summary: This study investigates the effect of dolutegravir (DTG) exposure on the functional expression of folate transporters in the placenta. The findings demonstrate that DTG exposure leads to a reduction in the expression of RFC and PCFT, as well as decreased folate uptake.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elissa G. Currie, Bryan Coburn, Elisa A. Porfilio, Ping Lam, Olga L. Rojas, Jan Novak, Stuart Yang, Raad B. Chowdhury, Lesley A. Ward, Pauline W. Wang, Khashayar Khaleghi, James An, Sarah Q. Crome, Michelle A. Hladunewich, Sean J. Barbour, Daniel C. Cattran, Rulan S. Parekh, Christoph Licht, Rohan John, Rupert Kaul, Kenneth Croitoru, Scott D. Gray-Owen, David S. Guttman, Jennifer L. Gommerman, Heather N. Reich
Summary: IgA nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure, and aberrant immune responses to mucosal microbiota, particularly Neisseria, may play a role in its pathogenesis. This study found increased carriage of Neisseria and elevated Neisseria-specific IgA levels in the tonsils of IgA nephropathy patients. Experimentally, mice with overexpression of BAFF and susceptible to Neisseria infection showed augmented levels of systemic Neisseria-specific IgA, as well as the presence of anti-Neisseria-specific IgA-secreting cells in the kidneys.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xuyang Tang, Abha Sharma, Maria Pasic, Patrick Brown, Karen Colwill, Hellen Gelband, H. Chaim Birnboim, Nico Nagelkerke, Isaac I. Bogoch, Aiyush Bansal, Leslie Newcombe, Justin Slater, Peter S. Rodriguez, Guowen Huang, Sze Hang Fu, Catherine Meh, Daphne C. Wu, Rupert Kaul, Marc-Andre Langlois, Ed Morawski, Andy Hollander, Demetre Eliopoulos, Benjamin Aloi, Teresa Lam, Kento T. Abe, Bhavisha Rathod, Mahya Fazel-Zarandi, Jenny Wang, Mariam Iskilova, Adrian Pasculescu, Lauren Caldwell, Miriam Barrios-Rodiles, Zahraa Mohammed-Ali, Nandita Vas, Divya Raman Santhanam, Eo Rin Cho, Kathleen Qu, Shreya Jha, Vedika Jha, Wilson Suraweera, Varsha Malhotra, Kathy Mastali, Richard Wen, Samir Sinha, Angus Reid, Anne-Claude Gingras, Pranesh Chakraborty, Arthur S. Slutsky, Prabhat Jha
Summary: This study aimed to assess the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Canadian adults during the first two viral waves. The study found that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada was low and lower than the levels of population immunity required to substantially reduce transmission of the virus. Ongoing vaccination efforts remain central to reducing viral transmission and mortality.
Article
Immunology
Feixue Wei, Ningshao Xia, Rebeca Ocampo, Marc T. Goodman, Nancy A. Hessol, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Ana P. Ortiz, Fanghui Zhao, Erna M. Kojic, Rupert Kaul, Isabelle Heard, Imran O. Morhason-Bello, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Alexandra de Pokomandy, Joel M. Palefsky, Luana L. S. Rodrigues, Racheal S. Dube Mandishora, Reshmie A. Ramautarsing, Silvia Franceschi, Sheela Godbole, Fernanda K. Tso, Lynette J. Menezes, Chunqing Lin, Gary M. Clifford
Summary: Age-specific shifts in HPV16 prevalence from cervix to anus suggest that HPV infections may persist longer, or occur later in life, in the anus than cervix. This has important implications for using cervical screening results to direct anal cancer prevention.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Virology
Rupert Kaul, Cindy M. Liu, Daniel E. Park, Ronald M. Galiwango, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Jessica L. Prodger
Summary: Most HIV transmission occurs through vaginal-penile sex. The local microbiome plays a critical role in shaping the immune environment at the site of HIV exposure. However, the microbial drivers of inflammation and immune quiescence vary between the vagina and penis. Different taxa are associated with increased HIV risk and optimal microbiota at these tissue sites.
Article
Microbiology
Catherine Mitran, Robert O. Opoka, Andrea L. Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Kevin C. Kain, Michael T. Hawkes
Summary: Lactate levels measured using a handheld device in children hospitalized with malaria and respiratory distress can predict mortality risk.
Article
Immunology
Nuria Balanza, Caroline K. Francis, Valerie M. Crowley, Andrea M. Weckman, Kathleen Zhong, Barbara Baro, Rosauro Varo, Quique Bassat, Kevin C. Kain
Summary: In this study, plasma NfL levels were examined in children with uncomplicated and severe malaria. The results showed that the levels increased over time in severe malaria cases, particularly those with neurological manifestations.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Nuria Balanza, Caroline K. Francis, Valerie M. Crowley, Andrea M. Weckman, Kathleen Zhong, Barbara Baro, Rosauro Varo, Quique Bassat, Kevin C. Kain
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anupama Ariyaratne, Sang Yong Kim, Stephen M. J. Pollo, Shashini Perera, Hongrui Liu, William N. T. Nguyen, Aralia Leon Coria, Mayara de Cassia Luzzi, Joel Bowron, Edina K. Szabo, Kamala D. Patel, James D. Wasmuth, Meera G. Nair, Constance A. M. Finney
Summary: The study identified the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in host responses to helminth infections for the first time. The results demonstrate the delicate balance between parasite clearance and host tissue damage, and the potential cost of improved clearance when continually exposed to parasitic worms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eric Armstrong, Anke Hemmerling, Steve Miller, Kerianne E. Burke, Sara J. Newmann, Sheldon R. Morris, Hilary Reno, Sanja Huibner, Maria Kulikova, Rachel Liu, Emily D. Crawford, Gloria R. Castaneda, Nico Nagelkerke, Bryan Coburn, Craig R. Cohen, Rupert Kaul
Summary: The study found that after BV treatment, the vaginal microbiota shifted to dominance by Lactobacillus species, but this change was primarily driven by a decrease in BV-associated bacteria. Although there were minor increases in Lactobacillus species after treatment, they were not independently associated with reduced inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)