Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shurui Chen, Xinyi Zhou, Yongcheng Lu, Keman Xu, Jiao Wen, Meng Cui
Summary: Lopinavir and ritonavir are recommended by the World Health Organization as primary drugs for treating children infected with HIV. However, their bitter taste can affect adherence, especially in young children, and studies have shown that poor palatability can affect the survival rate of HIV-infected children. Developing child-friendly protease inhibitor formulations with improved taste is crucial.
Article
Oncology
Liyu Chen, Hua Dai, Jiayi Wang, Ming Wang, Yuanji Ma, Fanghua Ma, Changmin Li, Lang Bai, Lingyao Du, Hong Tang
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching to ABT + ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) treatment in HIV-infected individuals who failed initial treatment. The results showed that ABT + LPV/r treatment was effective in suppressing HIV viral load and had good safety. Older age and higher alkaline phosphatase levels were associated with attenuated CD4(+) T cell recovery.
ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ruben Gonzalez-Garcia, Joan-Ramon Roma, Maria Rodriguez-Garcia, Natalia Arranz, Juan Ambrosioni, Marta Bodro, Maria-Angeles Castel, Federic Cofan, Gonzalo Crespo, Fritz Diekmann, Marta Farrero, Alejandro Forner, Ana LLigona, Maria Angeles Marcos, Asuncion Moreno, Pablo Ruiz, Dolors Soy, Merce Brunet, Jose M. Miro, Montse Tuset
Summary: This study reviewed the drug-drug interactions between tacrolimus and lopinavir/ritonavir in solid organ transplant recipients during the first wave of COVID-19. Prednisone monotherapy was used temporarily to avoid drug interactions and toxicity. No episodes of acute rejection were observed.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paola Magro, Isabella Zanella, Marta Pescarolo, Francesco Castelli, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
Summary: Despite the lack of clear benefits observed with Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) treatment for COVID-19, its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection deserves further evaluation.
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Holly E. Rawizza, Regina Oladokun, Emeka Ejeliogu, Stephen Oguche, Babatunde O. Ogunbosi, Oche Agbaji, Georgina Odaibo, Godwin Imade, David Olaleye, Lubbe Wiesner, Kristin M. Darin, Prosper Okonkwo, Phyllis J. Kanki, Kimberly K. Scarsi, Helen M. McIlleron
Summary: This study found that daily rifabutin 2.5 mg/kg achieved comparable AUC(0-24) in TB/HIV-coinfected children requiring lopinavir/ritonavir therapy, with favorable HIV and TB treatment outcomes observed. Severe neutropenia was relatively uncommon and improved with ongoing rifabutin therapy.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
H. A. B. Prins, L. Zino, E. M. Svensson, A. Verbon, G. J. de Bree, J. M. Prins, P. Reiss, D. M. Burger, C. Rokx, A. Colbers
Summary: This study evaluated the dose adjustment of dolutegravir (DTG) when co-administered with darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) in patients with acute human immunodeficiency virus infection (AHI). The results showed that DTG 50 mg twice daily with DRV/r 800/100 mg once daily achieved satisfactory outcomes without significant clinically relevant drug-drug interactions in patients with AHI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michelle A. Kendall, Umesh Lalloo, Courtney Fletcher, Xingye Wu, Anthony T. Podany, Sandra W. Cardoso, Prudence Ive, Constance A. Benson
Summary: This study investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in combination with rifampin or rifabutin for HIV and TB co-infected patients in resource-limited settings. The results showed that double-dose lopinavir/ritonavir with rifampin and lopinavir/ritonavir with rifabutin had acceptable safety profiles and tuberculosis outcomes, although HIV suppression rates were suboptimal. Further research is needed to explore the rapid clearance of rifabutin and low C-max levels in some participants.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jose L. Blanco, Jhon Rojas, Elisa de Lazzari, Alexy Inciarte, Mar Subirana, Pilar Callau, Maria Martinez-Rebollar, Montserrat Laguno, Josep Mallolas, Lorena de la Mora, Berta Torres, Ana Gonzalez-Cordon, Esteban Martinez
Summary: The study evaluated the switch from a triple therapy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus ritonavir-boosted PI to a two-drug regimen of lamivudine plus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults with low BMD. The results showed significant improvements in bone density for some patients after the switch over a 48-week period, with no virological failures.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laurent Mandelbrot, Roland Tubiana, Pierre Frange, Gilles Peytavin, Jerome Le Chenadec, Ana Canestri, Philippe Morlat, Cecile Brunet-Cartier, Jeanne Sibiude, Delphine Peretti, Veronique Chambrin, Amelie Chabrol, Eida Bul, Caroline Simon-Toulza, Lucie Marchand, Christelle Paul, Sandrine Delmas, Veronique Avettand-Fenoel, Josiane Warszawski, Monogest Study Grp
Summary: This study evaluated a perinatal NRTI-sparing strategy to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients maintaining a viral load (VL) of <50 copies/mL on darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy without needing treatment intensification. The results showed that nearly 10% of cases required treatment intensification, limiting the widespread use of darunavir/ritonavir maintenance monotherapy.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaseen M. Arabi, Ayed Y. Asiri, Abdullah M. Assiri, Mashan L. Abdullah, Haya A. Aljami, Hanan H. Balkhy, Majed Al Jeraisy, Yasser Mandourah, Sameera AlJohani, Shmeylan Al Harbi, Hani A. Aziz Jokhdar, Ahmad M. Deeb, Ziad A. Memish, Jesna Jose, Sameeh Ghazal, Sarah Al Faraj, Ghaleb A. Al Mekhlafi, Nisreen Murad Sherbeeni, Fatehi Elnour Elzein, Frederick G. Hayden, Robert A. Fowler, Badriah M. AlMutairi, Abdulaziz Al-Dawood, Naif Khalaf Alharbi
Summary: This sub-study of the MIRACLE trial examined the heterogeneity of treatment effect of interferon-beta 1b and lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with MERS. The findings suggest that interferon-beta 1b and lopinavir-ritonavir can reduce mortality in patients with lower levels of certain cytokines, and early initiation of therapy is more effective.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Florence Ader, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Julien Poissy, Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, Drifa Belhadi, Alpha Diallo, Christelle Delmas, Juliette Saillard, Aline Dechanet, Noemie Mercier, Axelle Dupont, Toni Alfaiate, Francois-Xavier Lescure, Francois Raffi, Francois Goehringer, Antoine Kimmoun, Stephane Jaureguiberry, Jean Reignier, Saad Nseir, Francois Danion, Raphael Clere-Jehl, Evin Bouiller, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Violaine Tolsma, Andre Cabie, Clement Dubost, Johan Courjon, Sylvie Leroy, Joy Mootien, Rostane Gaci, Bruno Mourvillier, Emmanuel Faure, Valerie Pourcher, Sebastien Gallien, Odile Launay, Karine Lacombe, Jean-Philippe Lanoix, Alain Makinson, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Lila Bouadma, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Olivier Epaulard, Lionel Piroth, Florent Wallet, Jean-Christophe Richard, Jean Reuter, Therese Staub, Bruno Lina, Marion Noret, Claire Andrejak, Minh Patrick Le, Gilles Peytavin, Maya Hites, Dominique Costagliola, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Charles Burdet, France Mentre
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical, virological, and safety outcomes of different treatment options in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, showing that lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir-IFN-beta-1a, and hydroxychloroquine did not improve the clinical status or SARS-CoV-2 clearance in respiratory tract specimens.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sirawat Srichatrapimuk, Artit Wongsa, Somnuek Sungkanuparph, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Boonrat Tassaneetrithep, Angsana Phuphuakrat
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic-associated inflammatory biomarkers in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. The results showed that pitavastatin treatment increased basic fibroblast growth factor levels and decreased the percentages of HLA-DR(+)CD38(-)CD4(+) T cells and PD1(+)CD4(+) T cells. Further research on the role of pitavastatin in preventing cardiovascular diseases in HIV-infected individuals should be pursued.
AIDS RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gilmar Reis, Eduardo Augusto dos Santos Moreira Silva, Daniela Carla Medeiros Silva, Lehana Thabane, Gurmit Singh, Jay J. H. Park, Jamie Forrest, Ofir Harari, Castilho Vitor Quirino dos Santos, Ana Paula Figueiredo Guimaraes de Almeida, Adhemar Dias de Figueiredo Neto, Leonardo Cancado Monteiro Savassi, Aline Cruz Milagres, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Maria Izabel Campos Simplicio, Luciene Barra Ribeiro, Rosemary Oliveira, Edward J. Mills
Summary: This randomized clinical trial did not find any significant benefit in reducing COVID-19-associated hospitalization or other secondary clinical outcomes with hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir among high-risk outpatients.
Article
Immunology
Chishala Chabala, Anna Turkova, Monica Kapasa, Kristen Lebeau, Chimuka H. Tembo, Kevin Zimba, Lubbe Weisner, Khozya Zyambo, Louise Choo, Chalilwe Chungu, Joyce Lungu, Veronica Mulenga, Angela Crook, Diana Gibb, Helen Mcilleron, SHINE trial team
Summary: The study found that modified 8-hourly dosing of lopinavir/ritonavir did not maintain adequate lopinavir concentrations when co-administered with rifampicin. Subtherapeutic lopinavir exposures on standard dosing after antituberculosis treatment raised concerns and require further evaluation.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Virology
Saeed Kalantari, Soheil R. Fard, Donya Maleki, Mahshid T. Taher, Zeynab Yassin, Yousef Alimohamadi, Sara Minaeian
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of Atazanavir/Dolutegravir/Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Hydroxychloroquine treatment regimens in COVID-19 patients. The results indicated that the former regimen led to improvements in clinical and laboratory parameters in patients compared to the latter.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Sharon Shalekoff, Shayne Loubser, Bianca Da Costa Dias, Renate Strehlau, Stephanie Shiau, Shuang Wang, Yun He, Elaine J. Abrams, Louise Kuhn, Caroline T. Tiemessen
Summary: Early ART initiation in HIV-1-infected infants can normalize B cell subsets but does not fully normalize perturbations in cTfh cell subsets, which remain Tfh1 polarized at 72 weeks. It remains to be determined if early ART improves vaccine antibody responses despite the observed dysregulations in cTfh and B cell subsets over time.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephanie Shiau, Renate Strehlau, Yanhan Shen, Yun He, Faeezah Patel, Megan Burke, Elaine J. Abrams, Caroline T. Tiemessen, Shuang Wang, Louise Kuhn
Summary: This study examines factors influencing viral response in neonates initiating ART, finding consistent associations with pre-treatment VL, maternal VL, and maternal CD4 count across different methods. Infants initiating ART within 8-14 days showed less favorable viral response, while exposure to maternal ART was associated with better response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Louise Kuhn, Maria Paximadis, Bianca Da Costa Dias, Yanhan Shen, Sizanani Mncube, Renate Strehlau, Stephanie Shiau, Faeezah Patel, Megan Burke, Karl-Gunter Technau, Gayle Sherman, Shayne Loubser, Elaine J. Abrams, Caroline T. Tiemessen
Summary: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, higher CD4+ T-cell percentage, lower viral load pre-ART, absence of maternal antenatal ART, and breastfeeding are associated with lower levels of HIV-1 DNA in treated infants.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Waasila Jassat, Caroline Mudara, Lovelyn Ozougwu, Stefano Tempia, Lucille Blumberg, Mary-Ann Davies, Yogan Pillay, Terence Carter, Ramphelane Morewane, Milani Wolmarans, Anne von Gottberg, Jinal N. Bhiman, Sibongile Walaza, Cheryl Cohen
Summary: The second wave of COVID-19 in South Africa had higher incidence rates, a more rapid increase in hospital admissions, and increased in-hospital mortality compared to the first wave. Individuals admitted in the second wave were more likely to be older, of Mixed race, admitted in the public sector, and had a decreased likelihood of having a comorbid condition. After adjusting for weekly COVID-19 hospital admissions, there was a 31% increased risk of in-hospital mortality in the second wave.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Waasila Jassat, Cheryl Cohen, Stefano Tempia, Maureen Masha, Susan Goldstein, Tendesayi Kufa, Pelagia Murangandi, Dana Savulescu, Sibongile Walaza, Jamy-Lee Bam, Mary-Ann Davies, Hans W. Prozesky, Jonathan Naude, Ayanda T. Mnguni, Charlene A. Lawrence, Hlengani T. Mathema, Jarrod Zamparini, John Black, Ruchika Mehta, Arifa Parker, Perpetual Chikobvu, Halima Dawood, Ntshengedzeni Muvhango, Riaan Strydom, Tsholofelo Adelekan, Bhekizizwe Mdlovu, Nirvasha Moodley, Eunice L. Namavhandu, Paul Rheeder, Jacqueline Venturas, Nombulelo Magula, Lucille Blumberg
Summary: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, HIV, and tuberculosis is high in the South African population. Factors associated with COVID-19 in-hospital mortality include age, HIV infection, past and current tuberculosis, among others.
Article
Health Policy & Services
Melody Wu, Stephanie Shiau, Renate Strehlau, Afaaf Liberty, Faeezah Patel, Megan Burke, Pamela M. Murnane, Avy Violari, Michael T. Yin, Elaine J. Abrams, Louise Kuhn, Stephen Arpadi
Summary: This study assessed pediatric disclosure among CLHIV in South Africa and found that about 70.3% of the children were aware of their HIV status. Older age and a history of hunger were predictors of disclosure. Caregivers who had not yet disclosed may have been preparing to do so by discussing their child's health and HIV-related topics.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Joanne Potterton, Renate Strehlau, Stephanie Shiau, Nicolette Comley-White, Louise Kuhn, Michael Yin, Stephen Arpadi
Summary: This study compared the sub-maximal endurance of children living with HIV (CLHIV) to a non-infected comparison group. The results showed that CLHIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy early with well-controlled disease were able to attain submaximal endurance levels similar to their uninfected peers.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marta C. Nunes, Stephanie Jones, Zanele Ditse, Kelly da Silva, Natali Serafin, Renate Strehlau, Amy Wise, Megan Burke, Vuyelwa Baba, Vicky L. Baillie, Ayanda Nzimande, Nwabisa Jafta, Mary Adam, Philiswa Mlandu, Mpolokeng Melamu, Juliette Phelp, Charles Feldman, Yasmin Adam, Shabir A. Madhi, Gaurav Kwatra
Summary: In pregnant women, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. However, newborns of HIV-positive mothers have lower levels of these antibodies in their cord-blood compared to newborns of HIV-negative mothers.
Article
Microbiology
Sinead E. Morris, Renate Strehlau, Stephanie Shiau, Elaine J. Abrams, Caroline T. Tiemessen, Louise Kuhn, Andrew J. Yates
Summary: This study highlights the importance of combining mathematical modeling with clinical data to understand the dynamics of HIV suppression and rebound in infants. The researchers found that a deterministic model used for adults could not fully explain the diverse trajectories of HIV infection in infants. They also discovered that infants with faster CD4 reconstitution rates on antiretroviral treatment were more likely to experience resurgences in viral load.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Marta C. Nunes, Stephanie Jones, Renate Strehlau, Vuyelwa Baba, Zanele Ditse, Kelly da Silva, Lane Bothma, Natali Serafin, Vicky L. Baillie, Gaurav Kwatra, Megan Burke, Amy Wise, Mary Adam, Philiswa Mlandu, Mpolokeng Melamu, Juliette Phelp, Wendy Fraser, Colleen Wright, Elizabeth Zell, Yasmin Adam, Shabir A. Madhi
Summary: This study examines the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during labor on pregnancy outcomes and finds that intrapartum infection is not associated with poor outcomes. However, it is observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to fetal and placental infections, with potential transmission to the newborn through vertical and/or horizontal routes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joy Ebonwu, Ria Lassauniere, Maria Paximadis, Renate Strehlau, Glenda E. Gray, Louise Kuhn, Caroline T. Tiemessen
Summary: This study investigates the association between perinatal HIV-1 transmission and Fc gamma R variability in South African infants born to women living with HIV. The results suggest that the Fc gamma RIIb-232TT genotype exerts a controlling influence on infant susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, and less studied variants such as FCGR3A duplication and homozygous HNA1a are also shown to play a role.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson A. Roberts, Yanhan Shen, Renate Strehlau, Faeezah Patel, Louise Kuhn, Ashraf Coovadia, Jonathan J. Kaufman, Stephanie Shiau, Stephen M. Arpadi, Michael T. Yin
Summary: Children living with HIV have decreased bone mineral content and density, increasing their risk for fractures and osteoporosis. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) can be used as an alternative to DXA for bone assessments in resource-constrained settings. QUS correlates well with DXA cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
A. Mukendi, T. Kufa, T. Murray, M. Burke, R. Strehlau, K-G Technau, C. T. Tiemessen, G. G. Sherman, A. H. Mazanderani
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of Xpert EID as a consecutive test for HIV-exposed infants, showing high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, which can help reduce the rate of indeterminate results and improve accuracy.
SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
J. Potterton, R. Strehlau, S. Shiau, N. Comley-White, L. Kuhn, S. Arpadi
Summary: There was no statistical difference in muscle strength between children perinatally infected with HIV and uninfected children, despite the former presenting with significantly lower height, weight, and BMI. Both BMI and Tanner staging were associated with muscle strength in both groups. Longitudinal follow-up of these children through puberty is recommended.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHILD HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Jacqueline K. Bezuidenhout, Katijah Khoza-Shangase, Tim De Maayer, Renate Strehlau
Summary: The study conducted in an academic secondary hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, found that the majority of neonates were screened within the first 24 hours of life. A high refer rate was observed in DPOAE screening, with no significant association found between maternal or neonatal risk factors and refer findings. These findings suggest implications for successful implementation of NHS programmes in South Africa, emphasizing the importance of screening timing and protocol measures.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
(2021)