Article
Virology
Claudia R. de Andrade Arrais, Kledoaldo Lima, Marta Barreiros, Jessyca K. F. Rodrigues, Nilviane P. S. Sousa, Daniel D. Costa, Francisco D. R. P. Santos, Gerson F. M. Pereira, Antonia I. e Silva Viana, Allan K. Barros, Elcio Leal
Summary: This study evaluated the genetic characterization of 132 HIV-1 pol sequences from children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Brazil. Most individuals harbored HIV-1 B and BF recombinants, with an overall antiretroviral resistance rate of 47%. The study highlighted the importance of surveillance of resistance mutations, with key mutations including M184V and K103N.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Claire Davies, Florin Vaida, Kennedy Otwombe, Mark F. Cotton, Sara Browne, Steve Innes
Summary: HIV infection is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in children. In this study, CHIV patients showed greater insulin resistance than CHU patients at ages 6-8 and 9-10, but the difference was not significant at age 10-11. Additionally, CHIV patients had higher levels of dyslipidaemia and lower android fat mass compared to CHU patients. CHIV patients should be closely monitored for blood sugar, blood lipid, and cardiovascular disease risk.
Article
Oncology
Heather Haq, Peter Elyanu, Shaun Bulsara, Jason M. Bacha, Liane R. Campbell, Nader K. El-Mallawany, Elizabeth M. Keating, Grace P. Kisitu, Parth S. Mehta, Chris A. Rees, Jeremy S. Slone, Adeodata R. Kekitiinwa, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Michael B. Mizwa, Lumumba Mwita, Gordon E. Schutze, Sebastian R. Wanless, Michael E. Scheurer, Joseph Lubega
Summary: Most children infected with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa are at risk of developing cancers like Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma. Delaying ART until after 2 years old and severe immunosuppression are major risk factors for cancer. Early initiation of ART may help reduce the risk of cancers in these children.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Akullian, Alain Vandormael, Joel C. Miller, Anna Bershteyn, Edward Wenger, Diego Cuadros, Dickman Gareta, Till Barnighausen, Kobus Herbst, Frank Tanser
Summary: In a hyper-epidemic region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the median age of HIV seroconversion increased in both men and women, suggesting a changing demographic of HIV risk with a focus on younger age groups. The decline in HIV incidence was more pronounced in young men and women, while older individuals showed stable or even lagging declines in incidence. These results provide direct epidemiological evidence of the impact of large-scale treatment and prevention interventions on the age distribution of HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yann Ruffieux, Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Mazvita Muchengeti, Lina Bartels, Victor Olago, Julia Bohlius, Elvira Singh, Matthias Egger, Eliane Rohner
Summary: This study examined cancer incidence in adolescents and young adults living with HIV in South Africa from 2004 to 2014. The results showed that infection-related cancers were the most common types of cancer in this population, and their occurrence rates were higher with lower CD4 cell counts.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gillian M. Hunt, Mukhlid Yousif, Leon Levin, Johanna Ledwaba, Kim Steegen, Tendesayi Kufa, Hloniphile Zwane, Monalisa Kalimashe, Vibha Kana, Getahun Aynalem, Jaclyn Perlman, Kassahun Ayalew, Gurpreet Kindra, Karidia Diallo, Sergio Carmona, Gayle Sherman, Elliot J. Raizes
Summary: HIV drug resistance is highly prevalent among paediatric patients failing ART in South Africa, with 90% of patients harbouring resistance to NNRTIs and/or NRTIs. Scaling up resistance testing would facilitate access to second- and third-line regimens in South Africa.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nolwenn Conan, Erica Simons, Menard L. Chihana, Liesbet Ohler, Ellie FordKamara, Mduduzi Mbatha, Gilles VanCutsem, Helena Huerga
Summary: The viral suppression among people living with HIV in Eshowe/Mbongolwane, South Africa has significantly improved from 2013 to 2018, but young men have a lower suppression rate and women and older adults have a higher rate of unsuppressed viral load. Specific strategies are needed to increase viral suppression in these groups.
Article
Immunology
Dirk Berzow, Diane Descamps, Martin Obermeier, Charlotte Charpentier, Rolf Kaiser, Lutz Guertler, Josef Eberle, Annemarie Wensing, Saleta Sierra, Jean Ruelle, Perpetua Gomes, Kamal Mansinho, Ninon Taylor, Bjorn Jensen, Matthias Doring, Martin Sturmer, Jurgen Rockstroh, Ricardo Camacho
Summary: HIV-2 is endemic in some countries in West Africa, with limited experience and knowledge on management of individuals living with HIV-2 in Europe. Differential characteristics of HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 include diagnostic procedures, clinical course, and antiretroviral therapy. Recommendations for medical care of those living with HIV-2 in Western European countries include strategies for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, as well as suggestions for effective drug combinations and prevention methods.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Xianwu Pang, Kailing Tang, Qin He, Jinghua Huang, Ningye Fang, Xinjuan Zhou, Qiuying Zhu, Xiuling Wu, Zhiyong Shen, Shujia Liang
Summary: The study found a TDR prevalence of 7.21% among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Guangxi. Being unmarried and having the CRF08_BC subtype were significantly associated with TDR prevalence.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Abdulhammed O. Babatunde, Oluwawapelumi D. Akin-Ajani, Ridwanullah O. Abdullateef, Taofeeq O. Togunwa, Haroun O. Isah
Summary: Africa accounts for two-thirds of global new HIV infections. Ten countries, including South Africa, Nigeria, Mozambique, and Kenya, were responsible for 80% of HIV cases in Africa in 2014. This study evaluates the antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage strategies implemented by these countries and highlights the importance of community-based and digital health approaches in increasing ART coverage and retention. Challenges such as funding shortages and cultural/religious beliefs need to be addressed to achieve the 95-95-95 goal by 2030.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patient Juste Mbebi Enone, Calixte Ida Penda, Grace Ngondi, Joseph Fokam, Serge Bruno Ebong, Jerson Mekoulou Ndongo, Estelle Geraldine Essangui Same, Louis Sides Ndjengue Nson, Samuel Honore Mandengue, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
Summary: This study investigated factors associated with virologic failure in HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon. The results showed that adolescents and patients followed in decentralized care units were at higher risk of virologic failure, highlighting the importance of therapeutic education in resource limited countries to improve viral load suppression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie Plazy, Adama Diallo, Thabile Hlabisa, Nonhlanhla Okesola, Collins Iwuji, Kobus Herbst, Sylvie Boyer, France Lert, Nuala McGrath, Deenan Pillay, Francois Dabis, Joseph Larmarange, Joanna Orne-Gliemann
Summary: This study reports on the implementation and effectiveness of a linkage-to-care intervention in rural South Africa, which involved tracking HIV-positive individuals through phone calls and home visits. The results showed that this intervention was effective in improving the linkage-to-care rate among patients.
Article
Immunology
Kimesha Pillay, Lara Lewis, Santhuri Rambaran, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Derseree Archary, Santhanalakshmi Gengiah, Dhineshree Govender, Razia Hassan-Moosa, Natasha Samsunder, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Lyle R. McKinnon, Nesri Padayatchi, Kogieleum Naidoo, Aida Sivro
Summary: The study suggests that increased risk of TB recurrence in HIV infected individuals on ART is likely associated with HIV mediated translocation of microbial products and resulting chronic immune activation. This indicates that immunological markers play an important role in the risk of TB recurrence.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christopher T. Andersen, Christopher P. Duggan, Karim Manji, George R. Seage, Donna Spiegelman, Nandita Perumal, Nzovu Ulenga, Wafaie W. Fawzi
Summary: This study found that iron supplementation in HIV-infected children may increase the risk of mortality and disease progression, while reducing the risk of anemia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oluwatosin A. Ayeni, Sibongile Walaza, Stefano Tempia, Michelle Groome, Kathleen Kahn, Shabir A. Madhi, Adam L. Cohen, Jocelyn Moyes, Marietjie Venter, Marthi Pretorius, Florette Treurnicht, Orienka Hellferscee, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, Cheryl Cohen
Summary: This study revealed a substantially higher case-fatality proportion among children with SARI admitted to rural hospitals and HIV-infected children in South Africa. HIV infection and age less than 1 year were major factors associated with death. Addressing healthcare disparities in rural populations is crucial to reduce SARI mortality rates.