Article
Immunology
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Chikwelu Larry Obi, Daniel Ter Goon, Benson Iweriebor, Nonkosi Selanto-Chairman, Craig Carty, Gordana Avramovic, Anthony Idowu Ajayi, John Lambert, Anthony Okoh
Summary: This study in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, examined the characteristics of pregnant women on ART and the rate of peripartum virologic suppression. Results showed that factors like younger age, smoking during pregnancy, and starting ART in the first trimester were associated with lower odds of achieving viral suppression. Efforts to enhance adherence support for women on ART and early antenatal booking could contribute to the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission in the region.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dan Yuan, Yan Zhang, Yiping Li, Ling Li, Hong Yang, Wei Yang, Hang Yu, Liao Feng, Shu Liang
Summary: This study analyzed the CD4(+) T cell count changes of PLWH infected with different HIV-1 subtypes in Sichuan Province after treatment, identifying factors such as virus subtype, gender, age, and education level that influence CD4(+) T cell count growth.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Pino, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Amelie Pagliuzza, Khader Ghneim, Anum Khan, Emily Ryan, Justin L. Harper, Colin T. King, Sarah Welbourn, Luca Micci, Sol Aldrete, Keith A. Delman, Theron Stuart, Michael Lowe, Jason M. Brenchley, Cynthia A. Derdeyn, Kirk Easley, Rafick P. Sekaly, Nicolas Chomont, Mirko Paiardini, Vincent C. Marconi
Summary: Clinical outcomes are inferior in individuals with HIV experiencing suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART. The study found that immunologic suboptimal responders (ISR) had higher HIV-DNA levels in multiple CD4 T-cell subsets and higher expression of PD-1 and TIGIT exclusively on CM and TM CD4 T-cells pre-ART, indicating higher HIV reservoir maintenance. Additionally, ISR showed a lack of response to IL-7 and IL-15, potentially contributing to suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jennifer S. Lee, Elizabeth A. Humes, Brenna C. Hogan, Kate Buchacz, Joseph J. Eron, M. John Gill, Timothy R. Sterling, Peter F. Rebeiro, Viviane Dias Lima, Angel Mayor, Michael J. Silverberg, Michael A. Horberg, Richard D. Moore, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: From 2005 to 2018, among 32013 adults with HIV entering care, the median time to ART prescription decreased significantly, while the CD4 count also increased.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nolwenn Conan, Erica Simons, Menard L. Chihana, Liesbet Ohler, Ellie FordKamara, Mduduzi Mbatha, Gilles VanCutsem, Helena Huerga
Summary: The viral suppression among people living with HIV in Eshowe/Mbongolwane, South Africa has significantly improved from 2013 to 2018, but young men have a lower suppression rate and women and older adults have a higher rate of unsuppressed viral load. Specific strategies are needed to increase viral suppression in these groups.
Article
Immunology
H. Manisha Yapa, Hae-Young Kim, Kathy Petoumenos, Frank A. Post, Awachana Jiamsakul, Jan-Walter De Neve, Frank Tanser, Collins Iwuji, Kathy Baisley, Maryam Shahmanesh, Deenan Pillay, Mark J. Siedner, Till Barnighausen, Jacob Bor
Summary: The implementation of UTT in rural South Africa led to an immediate increase in CD4 count at ART initiation, but had modest long-term effects. Men initiated ART at lower CD4 counts than women throughout the study, indicating a need for more efforts to promote early ART initiation in individuals living with HIV, especially men.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Oliver Bacon, Jennie Chin, Stephanie E. Cohen, Nancy A. Hessol, Darpun Sachdev, Susa Coffey, Susan Scheer, Susan Buchbinder, Diane Havlir, Ling Hsu
Summary: A study conducted in San Francisco found that implementing a rapid start initiative for immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) led to a significant decrease in the time from HIV diagnosis to virologic suppression (VS), and immediate ART initiation was associated with improved rates of viral suppression.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Boris Revollo, Laura Vinuela, Lorena de la Mora, Federico Garcia, Marc Noguera-Julian, Mariona Parera, Roger Paredes, Josep M. Llibre
Summary: This article reports a case of integrase resistance in a patient treated with co-formulated dolutegravir/lamivudine. It highlights the importance of carefully considering and monitoring drug-drug interactions, even when they are regarded as having a low potential.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patient Juste Mbebi Enone, Calixte Ida Penda, Grace Ngondi, Joseph Fokam, Serge Bruno Ebong, Jerson Mekoulou Ndongo, Estelle Geraldine Essangui Same, Louis Sides Ndjengue Nson, Samuel Honore Mandengue, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
Summary: This study investigated factors associated with virologic failure in HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon. The results showed that adolescents and patients followed in decentralized care units were at higher risk of virologic failure, highlighting the importance of therapeutic education in resource limited countries to improve viral load suppression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davies O. Kimanga, Violet A. Oramisi, Amin S. Hassan, Mary K. Mugambi, Frederick O. Miruka, Kennedy J. Muthoka, Jacob O. Odhiambo, Peter K. Yegon, Gonza O. Omoro, Catherine Mbaire, Kenneth M. Masamaro, Susan M. Njogo, Joseph L. Barker, Catherine N. Ngugi
Summary: This study describes the usage of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in routine HIV programs in Kenya. The results show that although the universal test-and-treat (UTT) policy has been widely accepted in Kenya, there is a high rate of non-retention within 12 months and no association with initial virologic non-suppression.
Article
Immunology
Andrew J. Prendergast, Alexander J. Szubert, Godfrey Pimundu, Chipo Berejena, Pietro Pala, Annie Shonhai, Patricia Hunter, Francesca I. F. Arrigoni, Victor Musiime, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Philippa Musoke, Hannah Poulsom, Macklyn Kihembo, Paula Munderi, Diana M. Gibb, Moira J. Spyer, A. Sarah Walker, Nigel Klein
Summary: This longitudinal cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa examined the impact of virological control on inflammation and CD4 depletion among HIV-infected children initiating ART. The results showed that while viral blips did not significantly affect immune reconstitution or inflammation, persistent virological rebound and detectable viraemia were associated with hindered immune reconstitution and increased risk of clinical disease progression. As viral load testing becomes more available in the region, repeat testing algorithms will be needed to identify those at risk of disease progression and require switching of ART regimen.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mhairi Maskew, Kieran Sharpey-Schafer, Lucien De Voux, Thomas Crompton, Jacob Bor, Marcus Rennick, Admire Chirowodza, Jacqui Miot, Seithati Molefi, Chuka Onaga, Pappie Majuba, Ian Sanne, Pedro Pisa
Summary: This study applied predictive machine learning algorithms to HIV programmatic data from South Africa and developed models to predict patient attendance and viral load suppression. Important predictors included previous visit history, viral load testing frequency, visit time, age, and treatment duration. The results showed that machine learning can effectively identify HIV patients at risk of disengagement and unsuppressed viral load.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark J. Siedner, Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa, Suzanne McCluskey, Rebecca F. Gilbert, Selvan Pillay, Isaac Aturinda, Kevin Ard, Winnie Muyindike, Nicholas Musinguzi, Godfrey Masette, Melendhran Pillay, Pravikrishnen Moodley, Jaysingh Brijkumar, Tamlyn Rautenberg, Gavin George, Rajesh T. Gandhi, Brent A. Johnson, Henry Sunpath, Mwebesa B. Bwana, Vincent C. Marconi
Summary: The addition of GRT to routine care after firstline virologic failure in Uganda and South Africa did not improve rates of resuppression, but it did reduce the prevalence of drug resistance among patients with persistent failure.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Patience Nyakato, Michael Schomaker, Geoffrey Fatti, Frank Tanser, Jonathan Euvrard, Nosisa Sipambo, Matthew P. Fox, Andreas D. Haas, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, Mary-Ann Davies, Morna Cornell
Summary: A study conducted in South Africa on older adolescents (including pregnant females) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) found that they had a high risk of loss to follow up and a low risk of virologic non-suppression. Increasing age and good immune indicators were important factors in reducing loss to follow up and virologic non-suppression.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chao Zhang, Jin-Wen Song, Hui-Huang Huang, Xing Fan, Lei Huang, Jian-Ning Deng, Bo Tu, Kun Wang, Jing Li, Ming-Ju Zhou, Cui-Xian Yang, Qi-Wen Zhao, Tao Yang, Li-Feng Wang, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Ruo-Nan Xu, Yan-Mei Jiao, Ming Shi, Feng Shao, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: Chronic HIV-1 infection leads to CD4(+) T cell loss, with distinct mechanisms affecting pyroptotic and apoptotic CD4(+) T cells. Pyroptosis is closely associated with inflammation and driven by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while apoptosis is more related to T cell activation status.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)