Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Peng Liu, Si-yu Gong, Yu-wen Chao, Bing-guo Liu, Li-bo Zhang, En-hui Wu
Summary: Titanomagnetite concentrate is an important titanium resource. The apparent activation energy of its direct reduction consists of lattice energy and activation energy for the reduction process. The values of apparent activation energy were calculated using model-free methods, and the kinetic system with three main characteristics was established. Furthermore, Microwave heating can achieve microstructure Ti-Fe separation and reduce the lattice energy of the titanomagnetite concentrate, thereby enhancing the reduction process by 7.68% in terms of activation energy.
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Wen Yu, Xiaojin Wen, Wei Liu, Jiangan Chen
Summary: This study investigates the carbothermic reduction and nitridation mechanism of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate in terms of phase and microstructure transformation, as well as thermodynamic analyses. It is observed that titanomagnetite converts into nitride faster than ilmenite, and the role of V in facilitating the conversion of titanium oxides is discussed in detail.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zulfiadi Zulhan, I. B. G. Sumbranang Adhiwiguna, Atneral Fuadi, Nuryadi Saleh
Summary: The reduction of an Indonesian iron sand concentrate was studied through TG/DTA and XRD analyses, showing complex transformations of various minerals. Experimental results provided possible values of reduction and metallization degrees, leading to the proposal of a first-order kinetics equation to predict the metallization degree as a function of reduction time and temperature.
CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liangping Xu, Huibo Liu, De Cheng, Qiang Zhong, Zhiwei Peng, Guanghui Li, Tao Jiang
Summary: Double-layer sintering can improve the quality and yield of sintered ore by controlling the different basicity layers of the sintering bed, while also saving energy consumption.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinsheng Liu, Zhenxing Xing, Gongjin Cheng, Xiangxin Xue, Xueyong Ding
Summary: This study investigated the grinding kinetics and magnetic separation of a low-grade vanadiferous titanomagnetite concentrate (LVTC) produced in the northwest area of Liaoning. The results showed that the grinding process of LVTC followed the grinding kinetics equation and the grinding time had a significant impact on the recovery ratio and grade of Fe and TiO2 during the magnetic separation process.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jin-sheng Liu, Zhen-xing Xing, Gong-jin Cheng, Xue-yong Ding, Xiang-xin Xue
Summary: The oxidation behavior of low-grade vanadiferous titanomagnetite concentrate with high titanium (LVTC) was investigated. The results showed that the oxidation degree was achieved within 90 min at temperatures not lower than 700°C. The main phases of the oxidized LVTC included Fe9TiO15, Fe2O3, CaSiTiO5, and a small amount of Fe2.75Ti0.25O4. Increasing temperature favored the formation of Fe2TiO5. The specific surface area of LVTC decreased significantly with increasing temperature, and LVTC was predominantly mesoporous in nature with pores mainly distributed in the range of 2-40 nm.
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaodong Lv, Dan Chen, Yuntao Xin, Wei Lv, Jie Dang, Xuewei Lv
Summary: The addition of Na2CO3 was found to lower the initial temperature of the reaction, promote reduction, and optimize the reaction kinetics. With an increase in Na2CO3 content, the reduction process of ilmenite gradually transitions from being controlled by chemical reaction to diffusion control.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sigit W. Prabowo, Raymond J. Longbottom, Brian J. Monaghan, Martin J. Ryan, Chris W. Bumby, Diego del Puerto
Summary: This paper examines the phase and microstructural evolution of New Zealand titanomagnetite ironsand during fluidized bed reduction by hydrogen gas. The experimental results show that the sticking of particles does not occur within a certain temperature range, indicating the feasibility of fluidized bed processing of this type of iron ore.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Furong Chen, Wei Lv, Gangwei Zhou, Zhuoliang Liu, Mansheng Chu, Xuewei Lv
Summary: The effects of pre-oxidation treatment on the hydrogen-rich reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate powder were investigated. The study found that pre-oxidation treatment and increased H2 concentration accelerated the hydrogen-rich reduction rate. The reduction process can be divided into two stages: Fe3+ to Fe2+ and Fe2+ to Fe. The apparent activation energies of both raw and pre-oxidized ilmenite concentrates were reduced by pre-oxidation treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jing Ma, Wei Li, Guiqin Fu, Miaoyong Zhu
Summary: The viscosity and crystallization behavior of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2-Cr2O3 slag changed with varying Al2O3 content, resulting in shifts in softening, hemispherical, and flowing temperatures, as well as an increase in viscosity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yongjie Liu, Fupeng He, Qingqing Hu, Qingyun Huang, Zhixiong You, Guibao Qiu, Xuewei Lv
Summary: In this paper, the isothermal reduction-nitridation kinetics of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate in an ammonia atmosphere was studied. The reaction process was divided into two stages: reduction reaction and nitridation reaction. The results showed that the reduction process can be divided into two stages with different activation energies. The nitridation stage exhibited the best fit with the function G(alpha) = 1-(1-alpha)1/3 = kt, and had the lowest activation energy.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xiao-dong Lu, Dan Chen, Yun-tao Xin, Wei Lu, Xue-wei Lu
Summary: The enhanced reduction mechanism and kinetics of different Na2CO3 additions in the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate were investigated. The addition of Na2CO3 was found to enhance the reduction effect and reduce the activation energy, but excessive addition deteriorated the reduction kinetics.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ha Bich Trinh, Seunghyun Kim, Jaeryeong Lee, Seokhoon Oh
Summary: A modified process using molten salt roasting and water leaching was investigated to extract vanadium and titanium from domestic titanomagnetite concentrate. The optimal conditions for roasting and water leaching were determined, resulting in efficient extraction and purification of vanadium and titanium.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pan Chen, Yameng Sun, Lei Yang, Rui Xu, Yangyong Luo, Xianyun Wang, Jian Cao, Jinggang Wang
Summary: The study proposed a strategy of metallurgy-beneficiation combination to decrease TiO2 grade in titanomagnetite concentrates before smelting, which was achieved through roasting TC with CaCO3 and magnetic separation. Under optimal conditions, efficient separation of iron and titanium was achieved. The results showed that Ti in TC could react with CaO to form CaTiO3, providing a theoretical basis for the effectiveness of this strategy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhixiang Wang, Zhonghui Peng, Yang Li, Yongze Zhu, Keqiang Xie
Summary: A new method of sulfuric acid cyclic leaching was proposed to selectively leach vanadium from vanadium titanomagnetite pellets. Cyclic leaching yielded higher vanadium leaching rates and lower iron and titanium leaching rates compared to conventional heap leaching. Under optimal cyclic leaching conditions, the leaching rates of vanadium, iron, and titanium were 80.28%, 1.39%, and 1.72% respectively. The study also analyzed the valence states of vanadium and iron in the pellets before and after leaching, as well as the main phases in the pellets.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jun Zhao, Hai-bin Zuo, Chao Ling, Wen-tao Guo, Jing-song Wang, Qing-guo Xue
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Huai Zhang, Hao-yan Sun, Xue-feng She, Jing-song Wang, Qing-guo Xue
Summary: The experimental study investigated the viscosities of high titanium containing slag, revealing that increasing TiO2 and basicity can decrease viscosity, with increasing CaO content being more effective in reducing viscosity compared to TiO2 addition. Additionally, TiO2 was found to behave as a weak acid oxide in the experimental slags. The activation energy of viscous flow ranged between 115 and 141 kJ mol(-1) depending on the slag composition in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 quaternary system.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Wenguo Liu, Haibin Zuo, Jingsong Wang, Qingguo Xue, Binglang Ren, Fan Yang, Salzgitter Low CO
Summary: This review discusses the potential of hydrogen as a clean energy source in the steel industry and summarizes different hydrogen production technologies. It also highlights the applications of hydrogen in various steel production processes and provides suggestions for the future development of the steel industry in China.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Zhang, Guang Wang, Jingsong Wang, Qingguo Xue
Summary: A new treatment process for waste plastics involving heat treatment and addition of solid carbon material was proposed. The optimum treatment conditions were found to be a temperature of 723K and a plastic addition ratio of 20%. Gasification reactivity of the products with plastic addition was better than that of coal powder, with three kinetics models used to analyze the gasification process. The findings are expected to be useful for waste plastic treatment.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wanli Yi, Xuefeng She, Huai Zhang, Zhenlong An, Jingsong Wang, Qingguo Xue
Summary: Isothermal reduction experiments at 1400 degrees C successfully separated rare earth slag and iron using carbon-bearing pellets made mainly from Bayan Obo complex iron ore and pulverized coal. The experimental results revealed the presence of three main phases in the rare earth slag, with a specific growth behavior of the rare earth phase and formation mechanism explained.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Kaikai Bai, Lincheng Liu, Yuzhu Pan, Haibin Zuo, Jingsong Wang, Qingguo Xue
Summary: Flux pellets have been widely investigated and used as burden materials of blast furnace, but their research and practical applications in China are slow due to historical reasons and raw material limitations. Despite showing excellent adaptability in ironmaking, there is still a lack of sufficient investigation on the preparation and utilization of flux pellets in China.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yu Liu, Qingguo Xue, Haibin Zuo, Xuefeng She, Jingsong Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of H-2, N-2, and H-2/N-2 additions on flame structure, temperature, and CO2 concentration in CO/CO2 gas flow. Results showed that H-2 addition lengthened the flame and expanded the high-temperature reaction zone, while N-2 addition had the opposite effect. Additionally, the promotion effects of H-2 on CO2 formation were more significant than the dilution effects of N-2 on CO2 concentration in flames.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao-min You, Xue-feng She, Jing-song Wang, Qing-guo Xue, Ze-yi Jiang
Summary: The compressive strength of CaO-containing carbon pellets (CCCP) increased with the rise of pyrolysis temperature, as structural defects in carbon crystallites were gradually eliminated and more organized structures were formed. CCCP preheated at 750 degrees Celsius exhibited the highest compressive strength, with a positive correlation between compressive strength and pore-size homogeneity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xing Peng, Jingsong Wang, Cong Li, Haibin Zuo, Guang Wang, Xuefeng She, Qingguo Xue
Summary: The study demonstrates that medium oxygen-enriched blast furnaces utilizing reducing gas injections are an effective new ironmaking process for significantly reducing coke ratio and carbon dioxide emissions. Two injection methods were designed to better inject the reducing gas, suitable for injecting small and large amounts of reducing gas, respectively.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu Liu, Qingguo Xue, Haibin Zuo, Fan Yang, Xing Peng, Jingsong Wang
Summary: In this study, the effects of CO2 dilution, N-2 dilution, and CO2/N-2 dilution on the combustion characteristics of a turbulent, partially premixed CO/H-2-air flame were investigated. It was found that CO2 dilution results in longer flame length and larger main chemical reaction zone compared to N-2 dilution. Additionally, CO concentrations in CO2 diluted flames are higher than in CO/H-2 flames, and infinitively points confirm that CO2 dilution leads to lower intensities and rates of chemical reactions than N-2 dilution.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wenguo Liu, Yanbiao Chen, Jingsong Wang, Haibin Zuo
Summary: By studying the effect of Na2O on the sulfide capacity of slag, it was found that increasing Na2O content can enhance the sulfide capacity due to the increase in O2- activity. This improvement in sulfide capacity is mainly attributed to the compensation of [AlO4]-tetrahedron structural units by Na+ ions and the subsequent release of Ca2+ ions for sulfur stabilization.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Binglang Ren, Guang Wang, Haibin Zuo, Qingguo Xue, Xuefeng She, Jingsong Wang
Summary: The research aims to improve the efficiency of converter gas utilization, reduce CO2 emissions, and enhance waste heat recovery by reforming coke oven gas. By using thermochemical energy storage technology to convert CH4 and CO2 into H-2 and CO, the study ensures the effectiveness of the reforming process.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Linyang Zhang, Guang Wang, Qingguo Xue, Haibin Zuo, Xuefeng She, Jingsong Wang
Summary: This study provides a review on research for improving the properties and qualities of coking coal and metallurgical coke using preheating. Factors such as coal type, preheating temperature, and heating rate significantly impact its structural evolution during carbonization after preheating. The influence of heat treatment conditions on the physical and chemical structures of coal is an important research area, especially quantitative analysis of the aromatic structure parameters.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Kaikai Bai, Yuzhu Pan, Jingsong Wang, Haibin Zuo, Qingguo Xue
Summary: Adding MgO flux during blast furnace ironmaking can improve the properties of slag and optimize the interaction between ferrous burdens. Through controlling the distribution of MgO between sinter and pellets, a balance between permeability and interaction in the cohesive zone can be achieved. It was observed that postponing the interaction between burdens to a higher temperature can address this balance effectively.
METALLURGICAL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hai Zhong, Guofeng Cheng, Guangcai Ma, Enhui Wu, Zhuo Zhang, Xuefeng She, Shuqiang Jiao, Jingsong Wang, Qingguo Xue
Summary: This study successfully synthesized nitrogen-doped bimetallic and bivalent oxide nanomaterials, demonstrating excellent bifunctional catalytic performance and stability in hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions. Through electrochemical measurements and density functional theory calculations, it was found that nitrogen doping not only improved catalytic kinetics and surface area, but mainly promoted catalytic reactions by shortening the bond length between nitrogen atoms and metal atoms and increasing the electron density of the metal atoms.
