Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Echterhof
Summary: In the future, steelmaking in the electric arc furnace will be crucial for reducing CO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry, but carbon introduction will still be necessary to improve energy efficiency. To achieve emission reduction goals, alternative carbon sources such as biomass or recycled rubber and plastics will be needed to replace fossil materials.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Bohan Tian, Guangsheng Wei, Xin Li, Rong Zhu, Hao Bai, Weijian Tian, Kai Dong
Summary: This study analyzed the economic and environmental indices of electric arc furnaces with hot metal charging in China. The results showed that a 50% hot metal ratio can achieve a good balance between economic and environmental performance, making it more advantageous compared to other processes.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lingzhi Yang, Hang Hu, Sheng Yang, Shuai Wang, Feng Chen, Yufeng Guo
Summary: The electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process is an important method for recycling scrap resources and achieving sustainable development in the iron and steel industry. This paper comprehensively analyzes and quantifies the life cycle carbon footprint (CF) of EAF steelmaking process under 13 different smelting modes. The results show that reducing the hot metal ratio or indirect CF of hot metal production can significantly decrease the total CF of EAF steelmaking process. The adoption of full scrap smelting mode with appropriate amount of carbon powder and natural gas, or the use of clean energy power production and low-carbon materials, is recommended for future EAF steelmaking process.
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lina Kieush, Johannes Schenk, Andrii Koveria, Andrii Hrubiak, Horst Hopfinger, Heng Zheng
Summary: The influence of different carbon sources on slag foaming behavior was studied, and the effect was evaluated using various methods. Biochar showed inferior foaming characteristics compared to other carbon sources. However, when a mixture of coke and biochar was used, the slag foaming process improved and showed similar characteristics to conventional carbon sources. Differences in the presence of crystalline phases were observed in the slag foam, and a layer between the foam slag and the crucible wall was found in many samples.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hang Hu, Lingzhi Yang, Yufeng Guo, Feng Chen, Shuai Wang, Fuqiang Zheng, Bo Li
Summary: The numerical simulation study revealed that as the bottom-blowing gas flow rate decreased in different stages of the EAF steelmaking process, the average flow velocity of molten steel also decreased, indicating a weakening effect of bottom-blowing on the molten steel throughout the smelting process. The study provided a theoretical basis for the development of the bottom-blowing process.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christopher DiGiovanni, Delin Li, Ka Wing Ng, Xianai Huang
Summary: The electric arc furnace (EAF) has the potential to contribute to decarbonization of the iron and steel industry. To initiate slag foaming, carbon needs to be injected into the molten slag during EAF steelmaking. Biocarbon has gained attention as an alternative carbon agent. This study measured the slag foaming height when two biochar candidates were added to the molten slag layer and compared them to fossil carbon candidates.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lingzhi Yang, Hang Hu, Mengxian Wang, Feng Chen, Shuai Wang, Yufeng Guo, Sheng Yang, Tao Jiang
Summary: This paper introduces an EAF steelmaking process driven by a solar energy system, which reduces dependence on traditional energy sources and offers environmental and energy-saving advantages. The research findings show that EAF-SES has a lower life cycle carbon footprint but higher production costs compared to EAF-TES. When the electricity price is low or the carbon tax is high, EAF-SES has significant economic and environmental benefits.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jihye Kim, Gisele Azimi
Summary: The current study focuses on developing a two-step pyro-hydrometallurgical process for recovering valuable components from EAF slag, including carbothermic reduction and acid baking - water leaching. Optimal operating parameters were determined using experimental design and response surface methodology, resulting in high extraction efficiency for metals such as iron, titanium, aluminum, and magnesium.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Vanesa Ortega-Lopez, Victor Revilla-Cuesta, Amaia Santamaria, Aimar Orbe, Marta Skaf
Summary: This study presents four high-workability concrete mix designs incorporating steelmaking slags with metallic and polymeric fibers. The addition of metallic fibers and ladle furnace slag (LFS) was found to reduce shrinkage and improve dimensional stability of the concrete, while the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and LFS helped to mitigate internal damage and enhance the compliance of the cementitious matrix.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mamdouh Omran, Timo Fabritius, Yaowei Yu, Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen, Guo Chen, Yilmaz Kacar
Summary: This study found that microwave heating significantly improved zinc recovery rates from EAF and CRC dusts compared to conventional thermal heating, requiring lower temperatures. This indicates that microwave heating is an effective method for enhancing metal recovery efficiency.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ahmet Orkun Kalpakli, Mine Caymaz, Sedat Ilhan, Mert Zoraga
Summary: A large amount of EAFD, a hazardous waste from steelmaking, contains zinc. This study investigated the recovery of Zn as ZnO from EAFD through mechanochemical leaching, solvent extraction, precipitation, and thermal decomposition. Optimal leaching parameters and efficient extraction and precipitation processes were determined to obtain high-purity ZnO.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feng Li, Mansheng Chu, Jue Tang, Zhenggen Liu, Zichuan Zhao, Peijun Liu, Ruijun Yan
Summary: This research analyzes and evaluates the energy-saving potential and environmental benefits of two hydrogen-based steelmaking processes, finding that they can significantly reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions compared to traditional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace process. The study also evaluates the future potential of the HSE process and identifies the use of renewable electricity as a way to reduce carbon emissions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yaroslav Paranchuk, Daniel Jancarczyk, Pawel Falat
Summary: This study provides a review of the control laws of alternating current arc steelmaking furnaces' electric modes. A phase-symmetric three-component additive fuzzy model for electrode movement control signal formation is proposed. The implementation of the proposed fuzzy three-component additive control model improves the control dynamics indicators, energy efficiency, and electromagnetic compatibility of arc lengths control in comparison with the existing differential model. It reduces the dispersion of voltages, currents, and arcs powers, reduces electrical losses by 10-22%, and increases the average arc power by 0.9-1.5%.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Simon Tomazic, Goran Andonovski, Igor Skrjanc, Vito Logar
Summary: In the steel industry, the optimization of production processes has become increasingly important. This study presents four different modeling approaches for predicting electrical energy consumption during electric arc furnace (EAF) operation. The obtained models can accurately predict the energy consumption and determine the optimal duration of the transformer profile during melting. The use of these models is expected to lead to a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in EAF efficiency.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianjun Li, Guangsheng Wei, Chengjin Han
Summary: The study investigates the effects of submerged carbon powder injection with CO2 and O-2 mixed gas on electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking. Through experiments and mathematical model analysis, the study provides valuable insights for optimizing the process parameters of EAF steelmaking with SCPI-COMG.
