Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Colin Commandeur, Rudolf Sprik, Chris Stolk, Gerard Louwerse
Summary: The thickness of the blast furnace hearth refractory is crucial for safe operation. The impact-echo method is a useful approach for estimating the refractory thickness, but caution is required when dealing with multi-layered structures. In this study, an alternative method based on transmission line theory is proposed, which shows good agreement with 2D finite element analysis for simple layered structures. However, both the impact-echo method and the proposed method tend to overestimate the refractory thickness.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sai Meng, Kexin Jiao, Jianliang Zhang, Yanbing Zong, Lei Zhang, Hengbao Ma, Ziyu Guo
Summary: This study systematically examined the macroscopic morphology, size distribution, and voidage variation of deadman coke in a commercial blast furnace through dissection and image processing methods. The research findings provide important references for high efficiency and low carbon smelting in blast furnace operation.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kexin Jiao, Guangxiang Feng, Jianliang Zhang, Hengbao Ma, Ziyu Guo
Summary: This study investigated the formation mechanism of the graphite-rich iron protective layer in blast furnace hearth. It found that coarse graphite was formed in the upper part of the protective layer, with a screw spire-like surface morphology, while the bottom was mainly flaky. The graphitization degree and structural order increased from the upper to the bottom of the hearth, enhancing its ability to resist scouring by hot metal.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sai Meng, Kexin Jiao, Jianliang Zhang, Cui Wang, Lei Zhang, Ziyu Guo, Zhixin Xiao
Summary: In this study, the distribution characteristics of coke in a 2200m3 blast furnace were analyzed and the utilization ratio of coke in the hearth was determined. Factors that affect coke utilization, such as the presence of CaS and S, K elements, and the influence of ore phase and alkali metal salt, were also discovered.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
X. F. Dong, P. Zulli, J. Tsalapatis, M. Middleton
Summary: A reliable prediction about the current W2BF hearth condition can be made through a consistent assessment based on the various sources over the W2BF campaign.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jerome Brulin, Alain Gasser, Amna Rekik, Eric Blond, Frederic Roulet
Summary: This study built a thermomechanical finite element model of a blast furnace hearth, considering different material and joint states. The equivalent material parameters were obtained using experimentally determined interface strength and periodic homogenization method. The model's feasibility was validated by comparing with experimental results on an actual blast furnace, and the importance of initial ramming mix density and joint openings was revealed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jun Li, Yan Jin, Wei Wang, Yi-Fei-Hong Sun, Jia-Xuan Wang, Bo-Xiang Zhang, Jing-Yu Huang, Xiao-Ting Li, Jian-Zhou Wu
Summary: The start-tapping stage is the most unstable stage in blast furnace operation, causing fluctuating stress in the hearth brickwork. This paper establishes a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model to study the stress caused by tapping flow. It is found that the velocity of molten iron exceeds 0.04 m/s in one quarter of the free area within 0.86 seconds after tapping starts.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yanjiao Li, Jie Zhang, Sen Zhang, Wendong Xiao
Summary: This study proposes an online modeling method for estimating the hot metal silicon content (HMSC). The method takes into account the time-varying behavior of the blast furnace ironmaking process and updates the model with the latest data. Experimental results show that this method is more feasible and practical.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Mingbo Song, Kexin Jiao, Cui Wang, Yong Deng, Jianliang Zhang
Summary: In this study, an Al2O3-SiC C castable BF was dissected and investigated. The brittle layer of the castable and its phase composition were analyzed. It was found that a brittle layer with Zn enrichment was formed at the bonding surface between the carbon brick and castable. The high-temperature environment caused the evaporation of water and formation of pores and microcracks in the castable, which gradually developed and expanded due to thermal stress. The diffusion of gases and reaction products accelerated the propagation of microcracks, leading to the formation of a macro-brittle layer.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wenhe Wu, Rong Zhu, Guangsheng Wei, Kai Dong, Juanjuan Jiang, Bin Chen
Summary: Ironmaking and steelmaking industries are major sources of CO2 emissions, but using recycled CO2 gas in blast furnaces can help reduce emissions. The reaction of CO2 with carbon can produce CO gas, which further undergoes oxidation to CO2. However, this process may cool the furnace and impact its operation, requiring heat supplementation methods to offset the heat loss.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Wang, Liangyu Chen, Fei Yuan, Lei Zhao, Yang Li, Jiaocheng Ma
Summary: The life of the hearth is the main limiting factor in blast furnace production. A calculation model was established to study thermal stresses in the furnace with severe erosion. The effect of production parameters and deadman condition on thermal stresses was analyzed, providing significant insights for prolonging the safe production life of blast furnaces.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jian Zhang, Kexin Jiao, Jianliang Zhang, Hengbao Ma, Yanbing Zong, Ziyu Guo, Zhongyi Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of basicity, Al2O3 content, and MgO content on the thermal stability of molten slag, with findings indicating changes in specific heat capacity and viscosity of the slag with variations in these parameters.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ao Ni, Chengzhi Li, Wei Zhang, Zhixin Xiao, Dongliang Liu, Zhengliang Xue
Summary: The study on hearth erosion is crucial for blast furnace ironmaking, and this research investigates the hearth erosion of the WISCO No. 1 blast furnace through numerical analysis. The areas with high erosion risk were identified, and empirical relationships between erosion depth and wall shear stress and temperature were established.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Graeme Robertson Goodall
Summary: This article reviews the practices of furnace tapping and refractory maintenance at Koniambo Nickel SAS ferronickel smelter. It describes the furnace design, equipment layout, and operational routines for furnace tapping, as well as the taphole design, repair criteria, and methodologies for refractory maintenance.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Chengbo Zhang, Chenxi Zhao, Lei Shao, Henrik Saxen, Yingxia Qu, Zongshu Zou
Summary: A wear model based on the solution of an inverse heat conduction problem was developed to track the evolution of the internal geometry of a large-scale BF in Chinese steelworks, revealing that the skull layer at the bottom of the BF hearth is thicker, preventing excessive lining erosion in the sidewall, and correlating well with taphole length.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochon, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, L. F. Verdeja
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2017)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochon, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, L. F. Verdeja
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2017)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochon, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, L. F. Verdeja
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2017)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochon, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, L. F. Verdeja
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2017)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochon, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, L. F. Verdeja
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2017)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochon, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, L. F. Verdeja
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2017)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochon, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, L. F. Verdeja
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2017)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian F. Medina, Inigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Jose Robla, Jessica Calvo
Review
Energy & Fuels
Daniel Fernandez-Gonzalez, Inigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Carmen Gonzalez-Gasca, Juan Pinuela Noval, Javier Mochon-Castanos, Jose Sancho-Gorostiaga, Luis Felipe Verdeja
Article
Energy & Fuels
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, J. Prazuch, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, J. Pinuela-Noval, L. F. Verdeja
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Fernandez-Gonzalez, Janusz Prazuch, Inigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Carmen Gonzalez-Gasca, Juan Pinuela-Noval, Luis Felipe Verdeja Gonzalez
Article
Energy & Fuels
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, J. Prazuch, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, J. Pinuela-Noval, L. F. Verdeja
Article
Energy & Fuels
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, J. Prazuch, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, J. Pinuela-Noval, L. F. Verdeja
Article
Energy & Fuels
D. Fernandez-Gonzalez, J. Prazuch, I Ruiz-Bustinza, C. Gonzalez-Gasca, J. Pinuela-Noval, J. L. F. Verdeja
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Fernandez-Gonzalez, Janusz Prazuch, Inigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Carmen Gonzalez-Gasca, Cristian Gomez-Rodriguez, Luis Felipe Verdeja
Summary: This study explores the potential of using concentrated solar power technology to treat copper slag, demonstrating the transformation of fayalite into magnetite and copper sulfides and oxides into copper nodules. Results show significant recovery of copper nodules and economic benefits in recovering copper and iron from the treated slag.
