Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anne Christine Nordholm, Aase Bengaard Andersen, Christian Wejse, Anders Norman, Claus Thorn Ekstrom, Peter Henrik Andersen, Anders Koch, Troels Lillebaek
Summary: Even in resource-rich settings, socio-economic status plays a crucial role in driving disparities in tuberculosis (TB). A study conducted in Denmark found that lower socio-economic status, including factors such as household structure, education, employment, and income, was associated with higher TB risk. Social risk factors differed between ethnic Danes and migrants, with disability pension and cash benefits being key risk factors for Danes, while low income and cash benefits increased TB risk for migrants. Addressing these social risk factors is important for accelerating TB control and ending the TB epidemic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luojun Yang, Sara M. Constantino, Bryan T. Grenfell, Elke U. Weber, Simon A. Levin, Vitor V. Vasconcelos
Summary: Behavioral responses play a crucial role in the dynamics of epidemics, including the adoption of mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the factors influencing mask adoption, such as social norms, perceived risk of infection, and formal mandates. The findings highlight the complex social dynamics involved and the importance of sociocultural factors and local policies in explaining cross-country variation in mask adoption speed and breadth.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Haomin Tan, Ziqiang Lin, Di Fu, Xiaomei Dong, Sui Zhu, Zhongguo Huang, Yingyin Liu, Guanhao He, Pan Yang, Tao Liu, Wenjun Ma
Summary: This study systematically analyzed the global, regional, and national burden change of unintentional drowning from 1990 to 2019, and quantified the contribution of social determinants of health (SDH) on the change. The results showed that the global burden of unintentional drowning significantly declined in the past three decades, with higher reductions observed in women, children, middle Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) countries, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific region. Improvement of SDHs such as GDP per capita and health spending mainly contributed to the decrease.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Beatrice Kirubi, Jane Ong'ang'o, Peter Nguhiu, Knut Lonnroth, Aiban Rono, Kristi Sidney-Annerstedt
Summary: The study in Kenya found that 27% of drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients and their households experienced catastrophic costs during treatment. The significant determinants included household expenditure level, hospitalization, and treatment delay. Social protection interventions are important for patients most at risk of incurring catastrophic costs.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hina Khan, Partha Paul, Ritesh Rajesh Sevalkar, Sangita Kachhap, Balvinder Singh, Dibyendu Sarkar
Summary: This study identifies a new set of genes regulated by cyclic AMP (cAMP) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including virulence factors controlled by the major regulator PhoP. The results show that PhoP, as a DNA binding transcription factor, impacts gene expression and phosphorylated PhoP promotes recruitment of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) at target promoters. Additionally, a novel regulatory mechanism is uncovered, where activation of these genes requires direct recruitment of both PhoP and CRP at their target promoters.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Patricia Tabernero, Paul N. Newton
Summary: This study reveals the presence of substandard and falsified anti-tuberculosis medicines globally, which may contribute to the rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, there is insufficient data on the quality of tuberculosis medicines to conclude that 15.2% of the global supply is substandard. It is necessary to integrate medicine quality surveillance into tuberculosis treatment programs and further research is needed to develop rapid, affordable, and accurate portable devices to assist pharmacy inspectors in screening anti-tuberculosis medicines.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fiona A. Koeltringer, Kristi Sidney Annerstedt, Delia Boccia, Daniel J. Carter, William E. Rudgard
Summary: The aim of this study was to identify key social determinants of national TB incidence trends. In low- and lower-middle-income countries, higher Human Development Index, social protection spending, TB case detection, and TB treatment success were associated with lower TB incidence. Higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS was associated with higher TB incidence. In high- and upper-middle-income countries, higher Human Development Index, health spending, and diabetes prevalence were associated with lower TB incidence, whereas higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS and alcohol use were associated with higher TB incidence.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alexandra Brito Souza, Maria B. Arriaga, Gustavo Amorim, Mariana Araujo-Pereira, Betania M. F. Nogueira, Artur T. L. Queiroz, Marina C. Figueiredo, Michael S. Rocha, Aline Benjamin, Adriana S. R. Moreira, Jamile G. Oliveira, Valeria Rolla, Betina Durovni, Jose R. Lapa e Silva, Afranio L. Kritski, Solange Cavalcante, Timothy Sterling, Bruno B. Andrade, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
Summary: Factors associated with losses in the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cascade of care in contacts of TB patients were investigated in a multicentre prospective cohort from highly endemic regions in Brazil. The study found losses at all stages of the LTBI cascade, particularly at the initial screening and examination steps. Close contacts of low socioeconomic status and living with HIV were at heightened risk of not completing the LTBI cascade of care in Brazil.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Franchesca Arias, Alyssa B. Dufour, Richard N. Jones, Margarita Alegria, Tamara G. Fong, Sharon K. Inouye
Summary: By examining the associations between social determinants of health and postoperative delirium in older adults, we found that lack of private insurance emerged as an important independent risk factor for delirium. Future efforts should consider targeting social determinants of health to prevent postoperative delirium in older adults.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Timo Ulrichs
Summary: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the fight against chronic pandemics such as tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. Tuberculosis saw a resurgence in deaths in 2020 after a decade of decline. It became the infectious disease with the second-highest fatality rate caused by a single pathogen, with 1.6 million deaths in 2021. The World Health Organization expects this trend to continue in the years to come, even after the COVID-19 pandemic. More efforts are needed to strengthen TB control as part of overall healthcare measures.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley, Yvonne Baumer, Foster Osei Baah, Andrew S. Baez, Nicole Farmer, Christa T. Mahlobo, Mario A. Pita, Kameswari A. Potharaju, Kosuke Tamura, Gwenyth R. Wallen
Summary: Social determinants of health have a significant impact on the development of cardiovascular disease and its outcomes, but their influence is not fully understood. This review aims to further investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and cardiovascular disease, and provide a framework for future research and interventions.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Russell Rosenblatt, Hannah Lee, AnnMarie Liapakis, Keri E. Lunsford, Andrew Scott, Pratima Sharma, Julius Wilder
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic and social justice movement have brought attention to how social determinants of health (SDOH) and structural racism in the US impact access to care and patient outcomes in liver transplantation evaluations. Three approaches to counteract the negative effects of SDOH are identifying and reducing implicit bias, expanding and optimizing telemedicine, and enhancing community outreach.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Livia Parodi, Ernst Mayerhofer, Kaavya Narasimhalu, Nirupama Yechoor, Mary E. Comeau, Jonathan Rosand, Carl D. Langefeld, Christopher D. Anderson
Summary: Cerebral small vessel disease is a prevalent condition, especially in marginalized communities, and its risk is expected to increase due to global population aging. It contributes to various adverse outcomes such as stroke, cognitive impairment, depression, and gait disorders. Evidence suggests that epigenetic changes, some occurring during fetal development, mediate the impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and social determinants of health on the development of cerebral small vessel disease. The integration of insights from the fields of epigenetics and social determinants of health can deepen our understanding of the causal pathways and facilitate the discovery of new treatment targets, addressing existing health disparities.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Farah Qureshi, Kelb Bousquet-Santos, Sakurako S. Okuzono, Elaine Tsao, Scott Delaney, Anne-Josee Guimond, Julia K. Boehm, Laura D. Kubzansky
Summary: This systematic review examines the impact of social determinants on ideal cardiovascular health globally, with education and income being the two most frequently studied factors. The study also found that individuals with higher social status are more likely to have higher levels of cardiovascular health.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Courtney R. Lyles, Oanh Kieu Nguyen, Elaine C. Khoong, Adrian Aguilera, Urmimala Sarkar
Summary: Despite the promised tailored and personalized support, current digital health approaches have not achieved engagement of diverse users or reduction in health care inequities. To address this, a multilevel framework, promising interventions, and future steps for policy, practice, and research improvement are outlined in this paper.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
