Article
Sport Sciences
Michael T. Paris, Sohum V. Kulkarni, Charles L. Rice
Summary: This study compared voluntary and electrically evoked contractions in terms of peak power and rate of velocity development, and found that voluntary contractions exhibited greater reduction at task termination, while electrically evoked contractions recovered to baseline faster. The study also revealed that the impact of dynamic torque and velocity on peak power varied with different loads.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Fernando Garcia-Aguilar, Carla Caballero, Rafael Sabido, Francisco J. Moreno
Summary: Fatigue leads to a decrease in complexity of force variability, especially in isometric contractions. However, this change is not as clear in dynamic contractions. The fatigue-induced loss of complexity may be a result of changes in the central nervous system triggered by peripheral mechanisms. It should be noted that the use of non-linear tools is affected by the relative intensity of contraction, non-stationarity, and the methods of signal acquisition and processing.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Elyse Hucteau, Joris Mallard, Xavier Pivot, Roland Schott, Carole Pflumio, Philippe Trensz, Fabrice Favret, Allan F. Pagano, Thomas J. Hureau
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the etiology of exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue and its impact on the force-duration relationship in early-stage breast cancer patients. The results suggest that central fatigue is the primary cause of reduced exercise capacity in these patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Gena R. Gerstner, Jacob A. Mota, Hayden K. Giuliani, Mark A. Weaver, Nicholas W. Shea, Eric D. Ryan
Summary: This study aimed to examine the impact of repeated shiftwork on lower extremity strength and reaction time in career firefighters. The findings showed a significant reduction in early rapid strength following a full shift rotation. This suggests that early rapid strength may be a sensitive measure for detecting work-related fatigue.
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrew H. Ramsook, Michele R. Schaeffer, Reid A. Mitchell, Satvir S. Dhillon, Kathryn M. Milne, Olivia N. Ferguson, Joseph H. Puyat, Michael S. Koehle, A. William Sheel, Jordan A. Guenette
Summary: The study found that both females and males experience a decrease in diaphragm voluntary activation (D-VA) and transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (P-di,P-TW) after whole-body exercise, but the decrease is significantly less in females compared to males.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ryan Spencer, Paul Sindall, Kelly M. Hammond, Steve J. Atkins, Mark Quinn, John J. McMahon
Summary: A countermovement jump (CMJ) is commonly used in soccer to assess acute neuromuscular fatigue (NMF); however, jump height (JH) may be affected by changes in movement strategy and body mass (BM). This study investigated the impact of a soccer match on JH, movement strategy, and BM to inform future research on acute NMF. Results showed non-significant changes in JH, a decrease in BM, and moderate decreases in jump momentum and countermovement depth.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander M. Zero, Jacob Fanous, Charles L. Rice
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inducing post-activation potentiation (PAP) during prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD) on motor unit (MU) firing rates. The findings suggest that firing rates during PAP may be a mechanism to mitigate the effects of PLFFD, and they are strongly matched to alterations in torque.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jose Priego-Quesada, Marcio F. Goethel, Klaus Magno Becker, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Joao Paulo Vilas-Boas
Summary: This tutorial paper describes the methodology and examples of surface electromyography decomposition to teach the concept of motor unit recruitment. This technique can facilitate the introduction of theoretical content in practical classes for physiology and biomechanics academics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dawid Kozlenia, Jaroslaw Domaradzki
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of isometric post-activation performance enhancement protocols using an external load (EXL) or voluntary effort (VE) on jump height (JH) in trained females. The results showed that both EXL and VE groups improved JH at different time points. The importance of this study is rated 7 out of 10.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Rafael De Almeida Azevedo, Jonas Forot, Danilo Iannetta, Saied Jalal Aboodarda, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan M. Murias
Summary: This study investigated the time course and amplitude of performance fatigability during cycling at intensities around the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) until task failure (TTF). The results showed that approximately 75% of the total performance fatigability occurred within 5 minutes of exercise, independent of exercise intensity and sex.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Pablo R. Fleitas-Paniagua, Mackenzie Trpcic, Danilo Iannetta, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan M. Murias
Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different ramp-incremental (RI) slopes on fatigability and recovery in females and males. The results showed that gender had no significant effect on performance fatigability and recovery, and different RI slopes did not alter the level of performance fatigability at task failure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Giorgio Varesco, Eric Luneau, Guillaume Y. Millet, Leonard Feasson, Thomas Lapole, Vianney Rozand
Summary: This study aimed to compare the performance and fatigability between young, old, and very old men during isometric, concentric, and cycling tasks. The results showed that the performance of old and very old men was lower than that of young men in all tasks, with the difference being most significant in the cycling task. Overall, old and very old men presented similar levels of force loss, alterations in voluntary activation, and twitch amplitude.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Justine R. Magnuson, Hogun J. Kang, Mathew I. B. Debenham, Chris J. McNeil, Brian H. Dalton
Summary: Sleep deprivation increases perception of fatigue, effort, and task difficulty, but does not affect the development and recovery of performance fatigability. Following a sustained, submaximal isometric task, sleep deprivation exacerbates the disconnect between perceived and actual neuromuscular capacity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Matt R. Cross, Jean Romain Riviere, Bas Van Hooren, Nicolas Coulmy, Pedro Jimenez-Reyes, Jean-Benoit Morin, Pierre Samozino
Summary: The study found that the countermovement can increase net propulsive force and improve performance during jumping. However, this effect varies between movement velocity, sport type, and athlete level, emphasizing the importance of individualized sports-specific assessment and training to reduce the countermovement effect at relevant velocities.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Kenzo C. Kishimoto, Martin E. Heroux, Simon C. Gandevia, Jane E. Butler, Joanna Diong
Summary: This study demonstrated that maximal muscle activity can be estimated from muscle activity produced during submaximal voluntary activation. A simple mathematical relationship between voluntary muscle activation and muscle activity across a broad range of values was found, capable of estimating maximal muscle activity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alice Wallett, Andrew McKune, David Pyne, David Bishop, Olivier Girard, Philo Saunders, Julien Periard
Summary: Repeated sprinting in hot conditions can lead to increased gastrointestinal damage and thermal strain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Letter
Physiology
Julien D. Periard, Brad Clark, Ollie Jay, Felicity M. Bright
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Harry A. Brown, Thomas H. Topham, Brad Clark, James W. Smallcombe, Andreas D. Flouris, Leonidas G. Ioannou, Richard D. Telford, Ollie Jay, Julien D. Periard
Summary: This systematic review examined the characteristics of seasonal heat acclimatisation during the summer months and identified key factors that influence the magnitude of adaptation. The review included 29 studies with a total of 561 participants. The findings suggest that the duration, intensity, and timing of outdoor physical activity play a role in seasonal heat acclimatisation.
Review
Physiology
Thomas H. Topham, James W. Smallcombe, Brad Clark, Harry A. Brown, Richard D. Telford, Ollie Jay, Julien D. Periard
Summary: Both adult females and children have a lower sweating capacity, potentially making them more susceptible to hyperthermia. The reduced sudomotor activity in females and children suggests a lower sweating capacity, but evidence on whether they are at a thermoregulatory disadvantage is limited.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Julien D. Periard, Mathew G. Wilson, Samuel T. Tebeck, James B. Gilmore, Jamie Stanley, Olivier Girard
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the thermal and cardiovascular strain of professional cyclists during the 2019 Tour Down Under and determine the associations between thermal indices and power output, and physiological strain. The results showed that the gastrointestinal temperature, heart rate, and power output of cyclists were associated with various thermal indices.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Julien D. Periard, David DeGroot, Ollie Jay
Summary: This article explores the epidemiology of exertional heat stroke (EHS) and the strategies and policies designed to reduce its occurrence in sport and military settings. EHS occurs along a continuum from muscle cramps to heat exhaustion to heat stroke and is associated with multiple factors such as environmental conditions, individual characteristics, health conditions, medication use, and behavioral responses. The prevalence of EHS in sport is unclear due to inconsistent terminology, while surveillance in the military is facilitated by standardized case definitions. To mitigate the risk, strategies such as heat acclimation, adequate hydration, cold-water immersion, and work-to-rest ratios can be implemented.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physiology
David B. Pyne, Julien D. Periard
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Felicity M. Bright, Brad Clark, Ollie Jay, Julien D. Periard
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of different air velocities on heat exchange and performance during prolonged self-paced exercise in the heat. The results showed that cycling in still air led to lower heat release but higher thermal strain and similar or greater cardiovascular strain compared to conditions with airflow, despite lower work rate. However, performance was similar in conditions with airflow at 16, 30, and 44 km/h velocities.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alannah K. A. McKay, Alice M. Wallett, Andrew J. McKune, Julien D. Periard, Philo Saunders, Jamie Whitfield, Nicolin Tee, Ida A. Heikura, Megan L. R. Ross, Avish P. Sharma, Ricardo J. S. Costa, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Endurance exercise can disrupt intestinal epithelial integrity and cause cell injury, hyperpermeability, and pathogenic translocation. This study examines the interaction between exercise, diet, and gastrointestinal disturbance, and finds that a 6-day low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet increases intestinal epithelial cell injury in response to a 25-km race walk. No effect of low energy availability on gastrointestinal injury or symptoms was observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physiology
David B. Pyne, Christian J. Cook, Liam P. Kilduff
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Julien D. Periard, Oliver Girard, Nathan Townsend, Pitre Bourdon, Scott Cocking, Mohammed Ihsan, Mathieu Lacome, David Nichols, Gavin Travers, Mathew G. Wilson, Julien Piscione, Sebastien Racinais
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a training camp with heat and/or hypoxia sessions on hematological and thermoregulatory adaptations. The results showed that blood and plasma volume increased following the camp. However, sleeping at altitude impeded the increase in hemoglobin mass and only marginally increased it when training in the heat.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Leonidas G. Ioannou, Lydia Tsoutsoubi, Paraskevi Gkiata, Harry A. Brown, Julien D. Periard, Igor B. Mekjavic, Glen P. Kenny, Lars Nybo, Andreas D. Flouris
Summary: This study found no significant differences in performance, physiological heat strain, and perceptual responses among well-trained and national-level endurance athletes wearing different upper-torso sportswear technologies during prolonged running in moderately hot conditions.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
William T. T. Jardine, Brad Aisbett, Monica K. K. Kelly, Louise M. M. Burke, Megan L. L. Ross, Dominique Condo, Julien D. D. Periard, Amelia J. J. Carr
Summary: This systematic review examined the effect of pre-exercise hyperhydration on performance, physiological responses, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The findings suggest that hyperhydration can improve exercise capacity by reducing heart rate and core temperature, and increasing plasma volume. However, the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms may vary depending on factors within the ingestion protocol.
Review
Sport Sciences
Tessa M. van de Kerkhof, Coen C. W. G. Bongers, Julien D. Periard, Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels
Summary: Cooling interventions can effectively attenuate the decline in exercise performance in hot conditions, with pre-cooling appearing to be more effective during constant workload exercise. However, no differences were found in the effectiveness of different cooling types.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas A. Deshayes, Julien D. Periard
Summary: Population aging, high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, physical inactivity, and rising global temperatures are major public health concerns. Regular physical activity throughout life can play an important role in adapting to rising temperatures, coping with heat-related health risks, and increasing individual and community resilience. This viewpoint calls for more research on the contribution of physical activity to adapting to rising global temperatures and climate change.