Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES
Volume 47, Issue 6, Pages 887-893Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.05.007
Keywords
Hydromechanical coupling; Fractured rock; Fracture normalstiffness; Stress; Hydraulic testing; Grouting
Funding
- Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas)
- US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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Sealing of tunnel sin fractured rocks is commonly performed by pre- or post-excavation grouting. The grouting boreholes are frequently drilled close to the tunnel wall, an area where rock stresses can be low and fractures can more easily open up during grout pressurization. In this paper we suggest that data from hydraulic testing and grouting can be used to identify grout-induced fracture opening, to estimate fracture stiffness of such fractures, and to evaluate its impact on the grout performance. A conceptual model and a method are presented for estimating fracture stiffness. The method is demonstrated using grouting data from four pre-excavation grouting boreholes at a shallow tunnel (50 m) in Nygard, Sweden, and two post-excavation grouting boreholes at a deep tunnel (450 m) in Aspo HRL, Sweden. The estimated stiffness of intersecting fractures for the boreholes at the shallow Nygard tunnel are low (2-5 GPa/m) and in agreement with literature data from field experiments at other fractured rock sites. Higher stifness was obtained for the deeper tunnel boreholes at Aspo which is reasonable considering that generally higher rock stresses are expected at greater depths. Our method of identifying and evaluating the properties and impact of deforming fractures might be most applicable when grouting takes place in boreholes adjacent to the tunnel wall, where local stresses might be low and where deforming (opening) fractures may take most of the grout. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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