Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junjun Jiang, Qianqian Shi, Xi Li, Xueying He, Cuiyun Wu, Xingang Li
Summary: This study identified the main components of jujube fruit and found that linoleic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid. Five ZjFAD2 genes highly related to linoleic acid biosynthesis were also discovered. The expression of these genes in tobacco and jujube fruit confirmed their key roles in linoleic acid synthesis. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of linoleic acid synthesis in jujube and can contribute to breeding strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Rayda Ben Ayed, Tejas Chirmade, Mohsen Hanana, Khalil Khamassi, Sezai Ercisli, Ravish Choudhary, Narendra Kadoo, Rohini Karunakaran
Summary: Palm oil is the most important vegetable oil in terms of production, and its demand is rapidly increasing worldwide. This study identified two SNP markers in the FAD2 gene that are significantly correlated with palm oil quality. The research provides insights into the mechanism of fatty acid synthesis in palm oil and supports the use of molecular biology techniques to improve its quality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhenying Peng, Ling Zheng, Haiying Tian, Jianguo Wang, Wenwen Liu, Jingjing Meng, Jialei Zhang, Xinguo Li, Shubo Wan
Summary: Three amino acid mutations, T107M, K251R, and L316P, affect the activity of Arachis hypogaea diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2. T107M and K251R alter the fatty acid content and composition in transformed yeast strains, while L316P leads to the loss of enzyme activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zehra Irshad, Jenny Lund, Anne Sillars, Nils Gunnar Lovsletten, Seley Gharanei, Ian P. Salt, Dilys J. Freeman, Jason M. R. Gill, G. Hege Thoresen, Arild C. Rustan, Victor A. Zammit
Summary: The roles of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in lipid metabolism and insulin responsiveness of human skeletal muscle were investigated using cryosections and myotubes. It was found that DGAT2 inhibition decreased fatty acid uptake and oxidation in myotubes, and also increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. The effects of DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibition on acetate uptake and metabolism in myotubes were different.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Laura Boetje, Xiaohong Lan, Fitrilia Silvianti, Jur van Dijken, Michael Polhuis, Katja Loos
Summary: This study presents a series of starch esters synthesized through transesterification reactions catalyzed by TBD in DMSO. By purging the reaction flask with nitrogen, the degree of substitution was increased. Long-chain fatty acids exhibited the most significant increase in DS, while starch esters from unsaturated fatty acids showed lower Tg and higher hydrophobicity compared to pristine starch.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
C. J. Urso, Heping Zhou
Summary: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with cognitive decline and dementia, and palmitic acid (PA) has been found to have lipotoxic effects on BV2 microglia cells, while unsaturated fatty acids could protect cells from lipotoxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Horticulture
Fateme Razeghi-Jahromi, Farshid Parvini, Abdolkarim Zarei, Mehdi Hosseini-Mazinani
Summary: This study characterized the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of FAD2-2 and three SAD genes in two Iranian olive cultivars with contrasting oil composition. The results showed that nucleotide sequence variations in the genes did not result in significant differences at the protein level, but some variations did cause non-cognate amino acid substitutions, potentially affecting the protein structure and function. The study also found that the expression levels of certain genes differed between the cultivars during critical periods of oil biosynthesis, suggesting their potential roles in oil quality and composition.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chunyou Mao, Peng Xiao, Xiao-Na Tao, Jiao Qin, Qing-Tao He, Chao Zhang, Sheng-Chao Guo, Ya-Qin Du, Li-Nan Chen, Dan-Dan Shen, Zhi-Shuai Yang, Han-Qiong Zhang, Shen-Ming Huang, Yong-Hao He, Jie Cheng, Ya-Ni Zhong, Pan Shang, Jun Chen, Dao-Lai Zhang, Qian-Lang Wang, Mei-Xia Liu, Guo-Yu Li, Yongyuan Guo, H. Eric Xu, Chuanxin Wang, Cheng Zhang, Shiqing Feng, Xiao Yu, Yan Zhang, Jin-Peng Sun
Summary: In this study, six cryo-electron microscopy structures of GPR120 in complex with FA hormones or TUG891 and Gi or Giq trimers were reported. The study also investigated synthetic ligand selectivity and the structural basis of missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The findings provide insights into how GPR120 recognizes different double-bond positions of fatty acids and its role in metabolic diseases.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Batuhan Yenilmez, Nicole Wetoska, Mark Kelly, Dimas Echeverria, Kyounghee Min, Lawrence Lifshitz, Julia F. Alterman, Matthew R. Hassler, Samuel Hildebrand, Chloe DiMarzio, Nicholas McHugh, Lorenc Vangjeli, Jacquelyn Sousa, Meixia Pan, Xianlin Han, Michael A. Brehm, Anastasia Khvorova, Michael P. Czech
Summary: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe liver disorder with no approved therapeutics available. In this study, RNAi-based therapy targeting the enzyme DGAT2 showed potential in improving the fatty liver phenotype, but had limited impact on inflammation and fibrosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathaniel W. Snyder, James O'Brien, Bhupinder Singh, Gregory Buchan, Alejandro D. Arroyo, Xiaojing Liu, Anna Bostwick, Erika L. Varner, Anusha Angajala, Robert W. Sobol, Ian A. Blair, Clementina Mesaros, Stacy G. Wendell
Summary: This study investigated the metabolism of oxo-fatty acid products and found that mono-saturated oxo-fatty acids maintained their electrophilicity, while a secondary saturation resulted in a loss of electrophilicity. Prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) was found to play a critical role in the formation of mono-saturated metabolites of 15-oxoETE and 17-oxoDHA. Overexpression of PTGR1 increased the rate and total amount of oxo-fatty acid saturation in A549 cells.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yan Zhang, Xiao-Qing Sun, Yu-Qing Ye, Qi Wang, Qing-Song Li, Ran Zhao, Hong-Wei Wang, Jiong-Tang Li
Summary: Fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of PUFAs and is found in common carp, an important food fish species. This study identified polymorphisms in the coding sequences of fads2a and fads2b, with three cSNPs associated with PUFA contents. The findings suggest that fads2b may be the major gene influencing PUFA contents in common carp, highlighting the potential of these cSNPs as markers for improving PUFA contents in future breeding programs.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anand Kumar Sharma, Tongtong Wang, Alaa Othman, Radhika Khandelwal, Miroslav Balaz, Salvatore Modica, Nicola Zamboni, Christian Wolfrum
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests the existence of constant basal lipolysis and re-esterification of fatty acids. In this study, the role of lipolysis coupled to re-esterification under basal conditions was investigated. The results showed that DGAT1 and DGAT2 mediated re-esterification plays a role in regulating fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial fuel utilization.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxwell Duah, Kexin Zhang, Yiwen Liang, Vivian Adiila Ayarick, Kailin Xu, Bin Pan
Summary: Fatty acid metabolism is vital for energy supply and immune regulation. Free fatty acids interact with cell surface receptors called free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) to exert their effects through intracellular signaling pathways. FFAR4, also known as G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), has been identified as the primary receptor for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs) and shows promise in treating metabolic and inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes the immune regulatory functions of w-3 PUFAs and FFAR4 in immune cells and immune-related diseases, as well as their potential involvement in other inflammatory disorders.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kyeong-Ryeol Lee, Inhwa Jeon, Hami Yu, Sang-Gyu Kim, Hyun-Sung Kim, Sung-Ju Ahn, Juho Lee, Seon-Kyeong Lee, Hyun Uk Kim
Summary: Through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, knockout of all three pairs of CsFAD2 homoeologs in Camelina led to stunted growth but significantly increased MUFA levels in seeds by 80%. Additionally, transformants with two pairs of CsFAD2 homoeologs knocked out while the other pair wild-type heterozygous showed normal growth and increased seed MUFAs production up to 60%. These findings suggest a potential approach for metabolic engineering and gene editing to modulate fatty acid composition in polyploid crops.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Peng Shi, Wei Hua, Yin Min Htwe, Dapeng Zhang, Jun Li, Yong Wang
Summary: The study found that ABA treatment promoted the expression of FAD2 and other genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in oil palm fruit, resulting in the accumulation of linoleic acid.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)