Extracting structural attributes from IKONOS imagery for Eucalyptus plantation forests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using image texture analysis and artificial neural networks

The suitability of optical IKONOS satellite data (multispectral and panchromatic) for the estimation of forest structural attributes - for example, stems per hectare (SPHA), diameter at breast height (DBH), mean tree height (MTH), basal area (BA) and volume in plantation forest environments - was assessed in this study. The relationships of these forest structural attributes to statistical image texture from IKONOS imagery were analysed. The coefficients of determination (R(2)) of multilinear regression models developed for the estimation of SPHA, DBH, MTH, BA and volume using statistical texture features from multispectral data were 0.63, 0.68, 0.81, 0.86 and 0.86, respectively. When the statistical texture features from panchromatic data were applied, the R(2) for the respective forest structural attributes increased by 25%, 31%, 6%, 0.2% and 0.2%, respectively. Artificial neural network (ANN) models produced strong and significant relationships between estimated and actual measures of SPHA, DBH, MTH, BA and volume with an R2 of 0.83, 0.83, 0.90, 0.90 and 0.92, respectively, based on multispectral IKONOS data. Based on panchromatic IKONOS imagery, the R2 for the respective forest structural attributes increased by 18%, 12%, 5%, 3% and 6%, respectively. Results such as these bode well for the application of high spatial resolution imagery to forest structural assessment.