Journal
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 411, Issue C, Pages 121-129Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.019
Keywords
Diabetic dermopathy; Mevalonate pathway; MMP9; DNA demethylation; cis-Promoter
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [81170766, 81270916, 81370910, 81300675]
- Key Development Layout and Preferential Development Fields of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province [2009B030801150]
- Zhuhai Science and Technology Planning Project [2012D0401990017]
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Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) played an important role for the development of diabetic foot. In the present study we tried to show the mevalonate pathway and the key demethylation site(s) in the MMP-9 cis-promoter to the component of MMP-9 by AGEs in keratinocyte. Method: Human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells were exposed to AGE-BSA. The plasmid construction and site-directed mutagenesis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, immunoblot, zymography, pull down, bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis and Western blotting were applied. Results: The AGE-BSA could increase and more activate the MMP9 in keratinocyte. The RhoA and ROCK1 also could be activated. These affects were blocked by the simvastatin. Meanwhile, the CpG site at -562 site was largely demethylated with AGE-BSA treatment. The cis-promoter sequences with -562 bp site methylated had a lower activity change, which had a highest expression activity and was decreased by simvastatin. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of CpG site (-562 bp) in the recombinant plasmid pCpGL-571 brought more reduction in activity, and the activity of methylated mutation pCpGL-571 remains decreased. Conclusion: The cis-promoter regions of MMP9 would be methylated by AGE-BSA in keratinocyte through the mevalonate pathway, especially the -562 bp site. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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