Hesperidin ameliorates trichloroethylene-induced nephrotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in wistar rats

Trichloroethylene (TCE), a nephrotoxicant is known to cause severe damage to the kidney. In this study, the nephroprotective potential of hesperidin was evaluated against TCE-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. Oral administration of TCE (1000 mg/kg b.wt) for 15 days enhanced renal lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzymes armoury viz., reduced renal glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. It also enhanced the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1). Caspase-3 and bax expression were found to be elevated, while that of bcl-2 reduced suggesting that TCE induces apoptosis. However, pretreatment with hesperidin at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt for 15 days significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced blood urea, creatinine and KIM-1 levels. Hesperidin also modulated the apoptotic pathways by altering the expressions of caspase-3, bax and bcl-2 to normal. Our results suggest that hesperidin can be used as a nephroprotective agent against TCE-induced nephrotoxicity.