Long non-coding RNAs drive metastatic progression in melanoma (Review)

Metastatic melanoma is the leading cause of skin-cancer related deaths and while in recent years some progress has been made with targeted therapies, there remains an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic treatments and reliable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The emergence of next generation sequencing (NGS) has seen a growing appreciation for the role played by non-coding genomic transcripts in regulating gene expression and by extension impacting on disease progression. The long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) represent the most enigmatic of these new regulatory molecules. Our understanding of how IncRNAs regulate biological functions and their importance to disease aetiology, while still limited, is rapidly improving, in particular with regards to their role in cancer. Herein we review the identification of several IncRNAs shown to impact on melanoma disease progression and discuss how these molecules are operating at the molecular level.