Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
F. Strollo, S. Gentile, A. M. V. Pipicelli, A. Mambro, M. Monici, P. Magni
Summary: Prolonged exposure to microgravity during space flight can lead to various pathophysiological changes, including bone loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular and metabolic changes, and impaired wound healing. There is a connection between insulin resistance and poor wound healing, possibly stemming from certain metabolic disorders.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sirvan Atashak, Stephen R. Stannard, Ali Daraei, Mohammad Soltani, Ayoub Saeidi, Fatah Moradi, Ismail Laher, Anthony C. Hackney, Hassane Zouhal
Summary: The study showed that 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) significantly improved body composition, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance in obese men, while also increasing levels of lipocalin-2 and decreasing omentin-1 levels. The changes in lcn2 and omentin-1 concentrations were correlated with changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors in the HIIT group. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in these improvements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Feraco, Stefania Gorini, Caterina Mammi, Mauro Lombardo, Andrea Armani, Massimiliano Caprio
Summary: This study found that high-fat diet impairs glucose tolerance in mice and that the MR antagonist Spironolactone improves glucose tolerance. The expression of MR protein in skeletal muscle is downregulated by high-fat diet, but this effect can be partially reversed by Spironolactone.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Enav Yefet, Liron Bar, Ido Izhaki, Rula Iskander, Manal Massalha, Johnny S. S. Younis, Zohar Nachum
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplements on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The results showed that compared to placebo, women receiving probiotic supplements had significantly lower fasting serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL levels. The use of probiotic supplements containing Lactobacillus acidophilus also led to decreased neonatal birth weight.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Weiming Wang, Na Li, Xiaoyi Wang, Xu Zhang, Menghan Tu, Lixia Lin, Qian Li, Huaqi Zhang, Jin Liu, Xuefeng Yang, Liping Hao, Nianhong Yang
Summary: This study investigated the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. The results showed that elevated RC levels were associated with an increased risk of GDM, independent of traditional risk factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rui Huang, Zi Cheng, Xingyi Jin, Xuemin Yu, Jinhui Yu, Yunpeng Guo, Li Zong, Jie Sheng, Xing Liu, Sufang Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that in middle-aged Chinese population, LAP and TyG are simple, relatively accurate, and clinically available surrogate markers of insulin resistance, with LAP having the highest specificity and TyG having the highest sensitivity among the four evaluated parameters.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lixia Shen, Dongyu Wang, Yihong Huang, Lisha Ye, Caixia Zhu, Shaofeng Zhang, Shiqin Cai, Zilian Wang, Haitian Chen
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between lipid profiles and insulin indices as well as the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women. The results showed that triglycerides (TG) were consistently correlated with insulin indices and glucose metabolism indices. Persistently high TG levels were independent risk factors for persistent insulin resistance (IR) and second-trimester IR alone. Lowering TG levels in early and middle pregnancy could help reduce the risk of developing IR.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Klaudia Sztolsztener, Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka, Ewa Harasim-Symbor, Adrian Chabowski
Summary: The study revealed that a high-fat diet can enhance hepatic ceramide deposition by affecting selected proteins from sphingomyelin and salvage pathways. The changes in insulin signaling pathway, including inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and stimulation of PTEN and mTOR phosphorylation, worsened in a time-dependent manner, possibly due to excessive accumulation of sphingosine and sphinganine rather than ceramide.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guoqing Zhang, Ran Li, Wu Li, Sijia Yang, Qing Sun, Hongping Yin, Cui Wang, Biyu Hou, Huanhuan Wang, Liping Yu, Rucheng Chen, Liyun Shi, Kezhong Zhang, Chong Wee Liew, Guifen Qiang, Qinghua Sun, Cuiqing Liu
Summary: TLR3 plays a crucial role in obesity and metabolic disorders, as demonstrated by the protective effects of TLR3 deficiency against high-fat diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation. These findings provide new mechanistic links between inflammation and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities in lipid/glucose metabolism.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yue Yuan, Wei Sun, Xiangqing Kong
Summary: The results of this large-scale study demonstrate the superiority of TyG-BMI and TyG-WC over HOMA-IR in predicting hypertension, which may be related to lipid deposition. Different insulin resistance indicators have sex-specific predictive value.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xiliang Du, Mingchao Liu, Wenjun Tai, Hao Yu, Xue Hao, Juan J. Loor, Qianming Jiang, Zhiyuan Fang, Xinxing Gao, Minghe Fan, Wenwen Gao, Lin Lei, Yuxiang Song, Zhe Wang, Cai Zhang, Guowen Liu, Xinwei Li
Summary: TNF-α impairs insulin sensitivity and induces lipolysis and apoptosis in bovine adipocytes, which can be alleviated by inhibiting NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Shuhua Tian, Yunfan Wang, Xiangfei Li, Jie Liu, Jing Wang, Yingjian Lu
Summary: Sulforaphane (SFN) can alleviate obesity complications through various mechanisms, including reducing NAFLD, inflammation, oxidative stress, adipose tissue hypertrophy, and insulin resistance, as well as regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fei Guo, Zhentao Gong, Taniya Fernando, Lingshan Zhang, Xiaoyong Zhu, Yingli Shi
Summary: This retrospective study examined lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assessed the correlation between changes in key lipid parameters and PCOS characteristics. The study found a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese PCOS patients, with different lipid profiles observed in individuals with different PCOS characteristics. The findings suggest a complex relationship between lipid metabolism and PCOS characteristics, which may explain the increased risk of long-term cardiovascular disease. Regular screening of blood lipids is important for PCOS women, and further research is needed to identify optimal subgroups for lipid-lowering treatment and assess therapeutic effectiveness.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hernan Paublini, Angel Arturo Lopez Gonzalez, Carla Busquets-Cortes, Pilar Tomas-Gil, Pere Riutord-Sbert, Jose Ignacio Ramirez-Manent
Summary: The study aimed to determine the relationship between variables assessing atherogenic risk and scales assessing the risk of insulin resistance. The results showed a correlation between the insulin resistance risk scales and atherogenic dyslipidaemia and lipid triad, with higher mean values and prevalence in individuals with these conditions. All three scales could adequately classify the presence of atherogenic dyslipidaemia and lipid triad.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tomasz Charytoniuk, Klaudia Sztolsztener, Ewa Harasim-Symbor, Klaudia Berk, Adrian Chabowski, Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka
Summary: The study investigated the effects of CBD on sphingolipid metabolism and brain insulin resistance, suggesting a potential protective role against neuropathology development. Results showed significant changes in sphingolipid concentrations and brain IR with CBD treatment.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Clint T. Miller, Patrick J. Owen, Christian A. Than, Jake Ball, Kate Sadler, Alessandro Piedimonte, Fabrizio Benedetti, Daniel L. Belavy
Summary: Exercise training is more effective than true control or standard medical care for reducing pain in adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain. However, exercise training and the associated clinical encounter are more effective than non-exercise placebo treatments in reducing pain, with very low quality of evidence.
Review
Anesthesiology
Scott D. Tagliaferri, Sin-Ki Ng, Bernadette M. Fitzgibbon, Patrick J. Owen, Clint T. Miller, Steven J. Bowe, Daniel L. Belavy
Summary: The study found that psychosocial factors have a greater impact on non-specific low back pain than nervous system and spinal imaging biomarkers. The relationship between different domains depends on whether the pain duration is acute or chronic.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN
(2022)
Letter
Orthopedics
Tobias Saueressig, Frank Diemer, Jochen Zebisch, Patrick J. Owen, Daniel L. Belavy
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Charlotte Wernicke, Anne Pohrt, Laura Pletsch-Borba, Konstantina Apostolopoulou, Silke Hornemann, Nina Meyer, Jurgen Machann, Christiana Gerbracht, Frank Tacke, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Joachim Spranger, Knut Mai
Summary: This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of a dietary intervention high in protein and unsaturated fatty acids on intrahepatic lipids and metabolism. The study found that in adherent older individuals following dietary recommendations, a high-protein and unsaturated fatty acids diet can have beneficial long-term effects on liver fat and lipid metabolism.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Stefan Kabisch, Martin O. Weickert, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
Summary: Soluble cereal fiber can decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes, inflammatory processes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, but its effects vary among individuals. It can counteract insulin resistance and inflammation by producing short-chain fatty acids.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robert Wagner, Martin Heni, Konstantinos Kantartzis, Arvid Sandforth, Juergen Machann, Fritz Schick, Andreas Peter, Louise Fritsche, Julia Szendroedi, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Annette Schuermann, Matthias Blueher, Hans Hauner, Jochen Seissler, Stefan Bornstein, Michael Roden, Norbert Stefan, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Morris F. White, Hans-Ulrich Haering, Andreas Fritsche
Summary: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of lifestyle intervention on impaired insulin secretion in specific subphenotypes of prediabetes. Participants from the Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study were divided into six prediabetes clusters and assessed for insulin secretion, glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and liver fat changes during a 1-year intervention. The lifestyle intervention improved glycemic traits in all high-risk clusters, while insulin secretion increased only in clusters 3 and 5. However, high liver fat in cluster 5 hindered the improvement of insulin secretion.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stefan Kabisch, Nina M. T. Meyer, Caroline Honsek, Margrit Kemper, Christiana Gerbracht, Ayman M. Arafat, Ulrike Dambeck, Martin A. Osterhoff, Martin O. Weickert, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
Summary: This study found that higher post-challenge glucose levels strongly predict the metabolic non-response in a complex lifestyle intervention. Fasting glucose levels and insulin sensitivity may contribute to the risk pattern, while improvement in beta-cell function may qualify as a potential risk factor for non-response. The study could not replicate previous data suggesting that insulin-resistant fatty liver is a specific risk factor for treatment failure.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jiudan Zhang, Sylva Mareike Schaefer, Stefan Kabisch, Marta Csanalosi, Bettina Schuppelius, Margrit Kemper, Mariya Markova, Nina Marie Tosca Meyer, Olga Pivovarova-Ramich, Farnaz Keyhani-Nejad, Sascha Rohn, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
Summary: This study investigates the contribution of amino acids to postprandial hyper-glucagonemia in type 2 diabetes patients. The research shows that type 2 diabetes patients have excessive glucagon responses after mixed meals, while the obese control group only shows small initial and delayed greater glucagon responses. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in mixed meals is unclear.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simon I. I. Dreher, Martin Irmler, Olga Pivovarova-Ramich, Katharina Kessler, Karsten Juerchott, Carsten Sticht, Louise Fritsche, Patrick Schneeweiss, Juergen Machann, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Martin Hrabe de Angelis, Johannes Beckers, Andreas L. L. Birkenfeld, Andreas Peter, Andreas M. M. Niess, Cora Weigert, Anja Moller
Summary: This study examined the response of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to exercise and compared it with skeletal muscle. The results showed that SAT responds differently to exercise, with reductions in transcripts related to lipid storage and lipogenesis, as well as modulation of the circadian rhythm, which can potentially prevent metabolic syndrome progression towards diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michael Kruse, Silke Hornemann, Anne-Cathrin Ost, Turid Frahnow, Daniela Hoffmann, Andreas Busjahn, Martin A. Osterhoff, Bettina Schuppelius, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
Summary: This study investigated the gene expression changes in white adipose tissue after an isocaloric high-fat diet in healthy human twins. The results showed that fatty acid transport was reduced, while fructose transport was increased, potentially leading to increased de novo lipogenesis. These gene expression changes were partially inherited.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas M. Barber, Stefan Kabisch, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Martin O. Weickert
Summary: The Mediterranean Diet is a plant-based diet rich in vegetables, fruit, cereals, and olive oil. It has numerous health benefits, including improved longevity, reduced risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, and improved cognitive function. The diet also influences the gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and reducing the growth of harmful bacteria. The adoption of the Mediterranean Diet is beneficial for both health and the environment, and should be encouraged globally.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas M. Barber, Stefan Kabisch, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Martin O. Weickert
Summary: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease globally, affecting one in four people. Despite only a small proportion of MAFLD patients progressing to cirrhosis, it still plays a significant role in its development. However, MAFLD faces challenges such as insidious and asymptomatic onset, lack of accurate diagnostic tests, and absence of specific therapies.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mona Reinshagen, Stefan Kabisch, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Joachim Spranger
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and can independently lead to long-term complications. Direct diagnostics for NAFLD are either invasive, costly, or dependent on the examiner's expertise. Biomarkers, specifically liver fat indices, provide a cheap diagnostic alternative for NAFLD prediction, but have limited accuracy for liver fat quantification. Currently, they lack precision for individual patient monitoring but can serve as compound biomarkers in large cohorts.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas Skurk, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Arthur Gruenerbel, Stefan Kabisch, Winfried Keuthage, Peter Kronsbein, Karsten Muessig, Helmut Nussbaumer, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Marie-Christine Simon, Astrid Tombek, Katharina S. S. Weber, Diana Rubin
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
A. K. Stuck, L. -T. Tsai, G. Freystaetter, B. Vellas, J. A. Kanis, R. Rizzoli, R. W. Kressig, G. Armbrecht, J. A. P. Da Silva, B. Dawson-Hughes, A. Egli, H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari
Summary: A study of the DO-HEALTH European trial found major discrepancies in the prevalence of sarcopenia among older adults based on twelve different definitions. These findings suggest a need to reconsider the concept of sarcopenia for more reliable identification of individuals with impaired muscle health.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)