Article
Sport Sciences
James W. Smallcombe, Gregory J. H. Biddle, Tommy Slater, Alice E. Thackray, David W. Dunstan, Laura A. Barrett, Keith Tolfrey
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effects of breaking sedentary time with walking and standing on postprandial metabolism in inactive adolescent girls during simulated school days. The results showed that two consecutive days of breaking prolonged sitting had no meaningful effect on postprandial metabolism in adolescent girls.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Panayiotis Louca, Tamara Stambuk, Azra Frkatovic-Hodzic, Ana Nogal, Massimo Mangino, Sarah E. Berry, Helena Deris, George Hadjigeorgiou, Jonathan Wolf, Martina Vinicki, Paul W. Franks, Ana M. Valdes, Tim D. Spector, Gordan Lauc, Cristina Menni
Summary: This study explores the relationship between plasma protein N-glycosylation and postprandial metabolism, and finds that certain glycans are significantly associated with postprandial triglycerides, glucose, and insulin levels. Furthermore, some glycans mediate the relationship between prediabetes and postprandial triglycerides.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuanxue Liang, Xiao-Hong Yu, Sanket Anaokar, Hai Shi, William B. Dahl, Yingqi Cai, Guangbin Luo, Jin Chai, Yuanheng Cai, Almudena Molla-Morales, Fredy Altpeter, Evan Ernst, Jorg Schwender, Robert A. Martienssen, John Shanklin
Summary: Expression of specific genes in duckweed can increase triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, providing a new opportunity for biofuel and lipidic bioproduct production. These findings lay the foundation for optimizing TAG accumulation in duckweed and have the potential to greatly increase oil yield compared to soybean and oil palm.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrea L. Livieri, Facundo Colaccini, Martin A. Hernandez, Gabriela Gago, Hector M. Alvarez, Hugo Gramajo, Eduardo Rodriguez
Summary: In actinomycetes, acyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) are biotin-dependent enzymes with diverse structures and functions. Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 was found to have multiple putative ACC domains and subunits. Mutant strains with specific genes disrupted showed the importance of these genes in lipid biosynthesis and growth.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Theresia M. Schnurr, Emil Jorsboe, Alexandra Chadt, Inger K. Dahl-Petersen, Jonas M. Kristensen, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Christian Springer, Peter Bjerregaard, Soren Brage, Oluf Pedersen, Ida Moltke, Niels Grarup, Hadi Al-Hasani, Anders Albrechtsen, Marit E. Jorgensen, Torben Hansen
Summary: In Arctic populations, physical activity can lower glucose levels, especially in carriers of the TBC1D4 risk variant. One hour of vigorous physical activity per day can further reduce the 2-hour plasma glucose levels in carriers of the risk variant.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sanket Anaokar, Hui Liu, Jantana Keereetaweep, Zhiyang Zhai, John Shanklin
Summary: This study demonstrates that altering sugar compartmentation in Arabidopsis can significantly increase the accumulation of fatty acids and triacylglycerols by increasing the supply of sugars in the cytoplasm.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Anatoli Petridou, Vassilis Mougios
Summary: This article reviews recent findings on the ability of exercise to lower postprandial lipemia (PPL). The findings confirm that exercise can effectively reduce PPL, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The most effective time for exercise is the day before a high- or moderate-fat meal, and exercise reduces PPL by lowering the rate of appearance and increasing the clearance of lipoproteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Chihiro Nagayama, Stephen F. Burns, Alice E. Thackray, David J. Stensel, Masashi Miyashita
Summary: While physical activity has established benefits for health, its effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors may vary among different ethnic groups. There is a lack of direct ethnic comparative studies on the health benefits of physical activity, especially in understudied ethnic groups like those of East Asian origin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Laura Alvarez-Jimenez, Alfonso Moreno-Cabanas, Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez, Felix Morales-Palomo, Juan F. Ortega, Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez
Summary: The study showed that hypercholesteraemic individuals with metabolic syndrome did not benefit from exercise in reducing postprandial triglyceridaemia, but chronic statin medication could lower triglyceride levels after a fat meal, reducing cardiovascular risk.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Weizong Yang, Ziwei Xin, Lihang Xie, Yuhui Zhai, Yanlong Zhang, Lixin Niu, Qingyu Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the high accumulation of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in tree peony seeds. The results showed that triacylglycerol (TAG) lipid molecules, especially ALA, increased in abundance and diversity during seed development. The study also identified genes involved in the transfer of fatty acids to the TAG sn-3 position. These findings provide functional evidence for increasing ALA yield in tree peony and other oilseed crops.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Waris Wongpipit, Wendy Yajun Huang, Masashi Miyashita, Xiao Yu Tian, Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
Summary: This study found that neither 3-minute nor 6-minute light-intensity walking had significant effects on postprandial metabolic responses in young Chinese men with central obesity compared to prolonged sitting, but they could reduce postprandial triglycerides levels. Additional physical activity may be needed to achieve greater glycemic benefits in this population.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Della Pepa, Valentina Brancato, Giuseppina Costabile, Dominic Salamone, Alessandra Corrado, Marilena Vitale, Carlo Cavaliere, Marcello Mancini, Marco Salvatore, Delia Luongo, Gabriele Riccardi, Angela A. Rivellese, Giovanni Annuzzi, Lutgarda Bozzetto
Summary: An isocaloric multifactorial diet including beneficial dietary components can significantly reduce pancreatic fat and improve postprandial insulin response in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jikun Song, Wenfeng Pei, Nuohan Wang, Jianjiang Ma, Yue Xin, Shuxian Yang, Wei Wang, Quanjia Chen, Jinfa Zhang, Jiwen Yu, Man Wu, Yanying Qu
Summary: By comparative transcriptome analysis, this study reveals the gene expression network involved in oil synthesis in cottonseeds and proposes the main pathway for oil production. Additionally, GhCYSD1 is identified as a potential key player in oil biosynthesis.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiangling Liu, Zheng Yang, Yun Wang, Yue Shen, Qingli Jia, Cuizhu Zhao, Meng Zhang
Summary: Caleosins play important roles in oil accumulation and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutant experiments showed that the absence of Caleosins leads to decreased oil content and reduced seed weight. Additionally, RNAi expression of Caleosins affects fatty acid changes and the shape of lipid droplets. Complementation experiments further confirmed the functions of Caleosins.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Semi Kim, Kyeong-Ryeol Lee, Mi Chung Suh
Summary: In this study, two isoforms of the WRI1 gene, PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B, were identified and found to be predominantly expressed in developing Perilla seeds. Ectopic expression of these isoforms significantly increased the levels of storage oils in tobacco leaves, particularly the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis was also upregulated. These findings suggest that PfWRI1A and PfWRI1B have potential applications in enhancing the accumulation of storage oils with increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in oilseed crops.