Review
Energy & Fuels
Nur Ain Masleeza Harun, Norazuwana Shaari, Nik Farah Hanis Nik Zaiman
Summary: SPEEK is recognized as a promising alternative PEM in fuel cell applications due to its advantageous properties, but its proton conductivity is influenced by the degree of sulfonation. While high DS of SPEEK can produce high proton conductivity, excessive production of DS may have side effects on membrane stability. Therefore, finding the optimal DS of SPEEK is crucial for fabricating PEM alternatives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
M. A. Aminudin, S. K. Kamarudin, B. H. Lim, E. H. Majilan, M. S. Masdar, N. Shaari
Summary: Due to the harmful consequences of pollutants emitted by conventional fuel cars, vehicle manufacturers are shifting towards alternative energy sources. Fuel cells (FCs) are considered as highly efficient and non-polluting power sources capable of delivering greater energy densities and efficiency than conventional technologies. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are promising in transportation sectors due to their ability to start at cold temperatures and minimal emissions. This article discusses the pros and cons of the technology, various fuel cell types, their applications, and recent issues associated with fuel cell technology in the automobile sector.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Asif Jamil, Sikander Rafiq, Tanveer Iqbal, Hafiza Aroosa Aslam Khan, Haris Mahmood Khan, Babar Azeem, M. Z. Mustafa, Abdulkader S. Hanbazazah
Summary: Fuel cells are environmentally friendly technology with high efficiency and economic advantages. Proton exchange membranes, especially for hydrogen fuel cells, have great potential but face challenges in terms of cost and degradation of proton exchange capacity over time.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shikun Zhou, Gongnan Xie, Haibao Hu, Meng Ni
Summary: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are clean and efficient power sources. The proposed new gas diffusion layer (GDL) with non-uniform distribution of PTFE effectively removes water from the catalyst layer (CL), improving fuel cell performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sahng Hyuck Woo, Nak Jun Lee, Seung Ho Yook, Hee Soo Kim, Jieun Choi, Jae-Hun Kim, So Young Lee, Jong Hyun Jang, Sung Jong Yoo, Young-Gi Yoon, Jonghee Han, Hyoung-Juhn Kim
Summary: This research used an imaging technique to find new reasons for the reduced performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). H+ and OH- indicator sensors were attached to each electrode of a membrane electrode assembly and quantitative analysis of ion generation was conducted using digital microscopes. The proposed reactions in the fuel cell were confirmed and various reactions occurring in the electrode were examined.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hegazy Rezk, A. G. Olabi, Seydali Ferahtia, Enas Taha Sayed
Summary: In this study, a novel identification approach based on the bald eagle search algorithm (BES) is suggested for estimating the characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The BES method outperforms other algorithms and provides accurate results.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ping-Yen Chen, Tse-Han Chiu, Fan-Jie Lin, Jyh-Chien Chen
Summary: Two novel tetraamines have been synthesized, and polybenzimidazoles with outstanding thermal stability, solubility, and oxidative stability have been prepared. The resulting membranes exhibit excellent tensile strength, proton conductivity, and peak power density, making them promising candidates for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) applications.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guofeng Li, Ruxing Shen, Shengliang Hu, Bin Wang, Hassan Algadi, Chao Wang
Summary: The fuel cell is a clean and widely used energy conversion device, and the proton exchange membrane is a crucial component in the fuel cell. However, commercial proton exchange membranes have high cost and performance issues, necessitating the exploration of new alternatives. In this study, blended membranes were prepared using different sulfonated polyimide (SPI) in polynorbornene-3,6-bridged methylene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-N-(6'-aminohexyl)-cis-phthalimide (PNBN)/sulfonated polyimide (SPI) acid-base blended membranes, and their effects on achieving high proton conductivity at low ion exchange capacity (IEC) were investigated. The results showed that the acid-base blending membranes exhibited low IEC and increased ion conductivity with the increase of SPI ratio, making them suitable for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC).
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lei Liu, Yijing Xing, Yifan Li, Zhiyong Fu, Zhuoqun Li, Haibin Li
Summary: In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement were intercalated into PFSA ionomer to improve the mechanical durability of PEMs. The double-layer ePTFE reinforcement significantly increased the mechanical strength and reduced the area swelling rate. Additionally, the double-layer ePTFE enhanced membranes showed better performance and durability under alternating wet/dry conditions compared to single-layer ePTFE reinforced membranes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Jin-Rong Li, Ming-Xu Liu, Xia Liu, Xiang-Hui Yu, Qin-Zhu Li, Qi Sun, Tong Sun, Shuang Cao, Chun-Chao Hou
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the latest advances in ORR catalysts, with a focus on their performance at the MEA level. It aims to offer novel and systemic insights for innovative and efficient ORR catalyst design and applications in PEMFCs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ye Peng, Ja-Yeon Choi, Liliang Tian, Kyoung Bai, Yi Zhang, Dongchu Chen, Jianhuang Zeng, Dustin Banham
Summary: The distribution of platinum group metal (PGM) nanoparticle catalysts in the carbon support significantly affects the catalyst's performance. The placement of Pt either on the outer surface or within the pores of the carbon results in different activity and performance at high current densities. To gain further insight into the catalyst's properties, a relationship between Pt distribution and relative humidity (RH) tolerance is explored. This work provides valuable information for MEA designers in selecting catalysts for specific applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Uday Raj Singh, Satyasekhar Bhogilla, Ines Hauer
Summary: With the increasing use of fossil fuels, it is crucial to develop new technologies based on renewable energy sources for fuel-powered vehicles. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts fuel energy directly into electricity. Fuel cells have advantages such as small size, high efficiency, and silent operation. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of an integrated system consisting of a Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and a vapor adsorption refrigeration system to simultaneously produce electric power and cooling effect. The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the performance of the integrated system compared to PEMFC alone, with maximum system energy and exergy efficiency achieved at 63.01% and 29.88% respectively. In addition, a maximum energy efficiency of 65.39% is reported at an evaporator temperature of 5 °C and a current density of 0.8 A/cm2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aogui Wu, Jianfa Liu, Jinzhen Huang, Yu Min, Yitong Wang, Shichao Wang, Lei Wang
Summary: Constructing high-density hydrogen bonding networks is important for improving the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and the single-cell output power of high-temperature fuel cells (HTFCs). In this study, a series of benzimidazole polymers containing a pyridine group were successfully synthesized via copolymerization. The high-density hydrogen network was constructed by blending different polymers and using a cross-linking agent. The results showed significantly enhanced proton conductivity and output power density of the single cell.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Subir Paul, Sang-June Choi, Hee Jin Kim
Summary: The incorporation of high-proton-conductive Co-tri MOF improved the proton conductivity of Aquivion (R), resulting in an enhanced cell performance and a 66% increase in proton conductivity compared to the pristine membrane. The effect of Co-tri MOF on the structural morphology and thermal properties of the Aquivion (R) membrane was also investigated.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hao Fu, Jiong Shen, Li Sun, Kwang Y. Lee
Summary: This paper utilizes the internal water content as the feedback signal and proposes a combined feed-forward and feedback control structure to maintain the internal humidity. Simulation results show that the proposed control method can keep the fuel cell operating within the safe and efficient range, with reduced humidification power consumption.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
