Article
Thermodynamics
Yohei Kubo, Sayaka Yamada, Hideki Murakawa, Hitoshi Asano
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between pressure loss and heat transfer coefficient in boiling flows in printed circuit heat exchangers, focusing on the effect of different channel cross-sectional shapes. The results show that, for low outlet quality, the semicircular channel has a higher heat transfer coefficient due to enhanced bubble nucleation and reduced flow resistance. However, for high outlet quality, the difference in heat transfer coefficient between the two channels decreases. Experimental results are compared with correlation equations, with the semicircular mini-channel showing a lower mean absolute error in heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anica Ilie, Alina Girip, Razvan Calota, Andreea Calin
Summary: This investigation compares the experimental and theoretical ammonia boiling heat transfer coefficients in a plate heat exchanger. The measured values fall within a specific range, and the theoretical values are obtained from confirmed correlations developed for similar working conditions. The experimental values closely align with the theoretical values, especially for the Shah and Jokar correlations applied for a specific vapor quality of 0.5.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gimin Park, Kyeongman Roh, Hoon Kim, Salman Khan, Minjae Lee, Byung-Wook Kim, Woochul Kim
Summary: The performance of a radiative cooling material is greatly influenced by environmental factors, which led to the development of a well-controlled setup to evaluate its performance universally. By fixing the total emissivity of the experimental setup, eliminating atmospheric radiation, and using a solar simulator to replicate solar flux, the proposed measurement setup can evaluate the material's performance independently of time, location, and environmental conditions.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhengyong Jiang, Mengjie Song, Chaobin Dang, Yuyan Jiang, Man Pun Wan, Christopher Yu Hang Chao
Summary: This study aims to optimize the heat transfer capabilities of heat exchangers by analyzing the effect of expanding microchannels on flow instability. It was found that the mean deviations in the models for two heat exchangers with and without cross-cutting were 10.03% and 5.95%, respectively. When increasing the number of cross-cutting plates, the maximum increase in heat transfer coefficient was 58.17 kW/(m(2)center dot K). Additionally, adding fins in downstream channels can further stabilize the flow, and moving the position of the fins downstream can increase the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger by 26.58%.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
W. Beyne, I. T'Jollyn, S. Lecompte, L. F. Cabeza, M. De Paepe
Summary: Latent thermal energy storage (LTES) heat exchangers can be used for energy storage in various energy systems, and their performance needs to be assessed. This paper focuses on the technical performance indicators of LTES heat exchangers, specifically on predictive methods for assessing their performance in a system. A thermodynamic framework is provided to define LTES heat exchangers and classify the technical performance indicators. The averaged effectiveness-number of transfer units (epsilon-NTU) and phase change time method are identified as important predictive models and compared based on their theoretical derivation.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mengjie Song, Jiang Zhengyong, Dang Chaobin, Jiang Yuyan, Shen Jun, Luo Xiaoyan
Summary: Flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels is widely used to solve the heat dissipation problem of high heat flux devices. Experimental studies and mathematical modeling were conducted to optimize the heat transfer performance of rectangular radial microchannel heat exchangers with and without grooves. The results showed that heat exchangers with grooves had better heat transfer performance and adjusting structural parameters significantly influenced the heat transfer coefficient.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yohei Kubo, Sayaka Yamada, Hideki Murakawa, Hitoshi Asano
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the boiling heat transfer characteristics of vertically upward flows in small-diameter semicircular channels heated with hot water. The influences of channel cross-section and thermal diffusivity of a heat transfer wall on heat transfer characteristics were characterized. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased with the outlet quality for high mass flux, and a new correlation equation was derived to express the heat transfer coefficient for semicircular minichannels.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Takashi Hibiki, Somboon Rassame
Summary: This study aimed to develop a simple and robust model for predicting the local interfacial area concentration (IAC) under steady-state bubbly flows with and without phase change. The model derived the dependent two-phase flow parameters of the IAC by considering bubble coalescence and breakup rates, and used a simplified turbulence model for computing the energy dissipation rate per unit mass. The prediction accuracy of the model was estimated to be 20% for adiabatic air-water bubbly flows and 40% for subcooled boiling flows with area-average void fraction values less than 10%.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Evan F. Johnson, Ilker Tari, Derek Baker
Summary: Dense granular flows are commonly found in CSP applications, and DPHT is an open source DEM-based code that accurately models heat transfer in such flows. The code uses multiple sub-models to calculate heat transfer mechanisms between particles, including radiation and conduction through gaps. DPHT demonstrates high accuracy in simulating particle-particle radiation and provides a flexible and open source solution for modeling heat transfer.
Review
Thermodynamics
S. A. Marzouk, M. M. Abou Al-Sood, Emad M. S. El-Said, M. M. Younes, Magda K. El-Fakharany
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of methods for heat transfer enhancement in shell and tube heat exchangers, which is essential for researchers and practitioners in the field. The studies reviewed various parameters and techniques and concluded that heat transfer enhancement in STHE is making significant progress.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Weiyu Tang, Tong Lv, Wei Li, S. A. Sherif, Zahid Ayub, Shi-Chune Yao
Summary: This article provides a brief review of the effects of various operating and geometrical factors on frictional pressure drop during flow boiling in plate heat exchangers. A new correlation model with 591 data points was proposed through multiple regression analysis, which showed good agreement with the database and predicted a high percentage of data points within acceptable error ranges.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ryno Laubscher, Pieter Rousseau
Summary: This study introduces a refined particle diameter-dependent emissivity and scattering factor model for computational fluid dynamics modelling of heat exchangers in boilers firing high ash fuels. The results indicate that the new model predicts lower radiation emission compared to existing models, primarily due to reduced particle emission resulting from the particle diameter-emissivity relationship. Additionally, good agreement was found between calculated and measured steam temperatures in real plant measurements.
Article
Thermodynamics
T. L. Fullerton, N. K. Anand
Summary: Computer codes were developed and validated for studying the performance of compact heat exchangers operating in self-sustained oscillatory flow regimes. The study focused on the sensitivity of performance parameters to transverse spacing and proposed an approach to determine critical Reynolds number for SSOFs.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Thermodynamics
Matthew T. Hughes, Srinivas Garimella
Summary: As the demand for better performing heat exchangers and thermal management devices increases, there is a need to investigate more effective methods of heat transfer enhancement, especially for high heat flux applications. This study reviews several active enhancement methods frequently used in phase-change heat transfer applications and discusses and compares their physical mechanisms and experimental results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Houli Liu, Zhonghao Gu, Jun Liang
Summary: In this study, two types of composite porous structures were prepared using selective laser melting technology, and the effect of different pore forms on boiling heat transfer was investigated. The results showed that both micropores and large channels in the composite porous structure significantly enhanced heat transfer performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chengjian Zhang, Qiaomiao Tu, Lorraine F. Francis, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: In this study, a tunable band gap range in zinc oxide nanocrystals films is achieved using atomic layer deposition and intense pulsed light. The importance of Al2O3 coating in band gap tuning is demonstrated.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Parker R. Wray, Mohammad Ali Eslamisaray, Gunnar M. Nelson, Ognjen Ilic, Uwe R. Kortshagen, Harry A. Atwater
Summary: Optically induced magnetic resonances (OMRs) are highly tunable scattering states that cannot be reproduced in systems that only support electric resonances. In this study, we synthesized OMR-based thin films composed of monodisperse crystalline silicon nanoparticles and investigated their absorption and scattering response. The results show that the thin films exhibit near complete blackbody absorption and strongly directional forward scattering, providing angle- and polarization-insensitive antireflection properties across the visible spectrum. A modified effective medium model considering multipole resonances and interparticle coupling is found to agree well with the experimental results.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhaohan Li, Zachary L. Robinson, Paolo Elvati, Angela Violi, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: Understanding and controlling energy transfer between silicon nanocrystals is crucial for designing efficient optoelectronic devices. This study systematically investigates the distance-dependent resonance energy transfer in alkyl-terminated silicon nanocrystals. The results reveal that the energy transfer rates decay faster than predicted by the Forster mechanism, suggesting higher-order multipole interactions.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Toshisato Ono, Shreyashi Ganguly, Qiaomiao Tu, Uwe R. Kortshagen, Eray S. Aydil
Summary: Thin-film deposition from chemically reactive multi-component plasmas is complex. This study focuses on understanding the plasma physics and chemistry in argon plasmas used to deposit lithium-silicon thin films. The factors that determine the variation of the Li-to-Si ratio in the deposited films are studied. It is found that the Li-to-Si ratio decreases with the axial decrease in precursor concentration, which can be explained by the lower threshold energy for Li release compared to Si release.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Jung-Hee Seo, Karthik Menon, Rajat Mittal
Summary: This study proposes a method to decompose the loading noise into components related to their generation mechanism and specific vortex structures. The method is applied to sound generation by a circular cylinder and loading noise generation by a pitching airfoil, showing its ability to identify dominant noise generation mechanisms and quantify the effect of vortex structures on noise generation.
Article
Mechanics
Tomas Solano, Chuanxin Ni, Rajat Mittal, Kourosh Shoele
Summary: The effectiveness of face masks depends on both the material and the fit on faces. A new model for masks is presented to study the leakage pattern on realistic faces. Higher porosity reduces leakage.
Article
Physics, Applied
Chi Xu, Himashi P. Andaraarachchi, Zichang Xiong, Mohammad Ali Eslamisaray, Mark J. Kushner, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate a surfactant-free method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles and achieve control over their size and uniformity by manipulating the droplet residence time and plasma power.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
S. Muthukrishnan, X. Tan, V Srinivasan
Summary: Spray impingement heat transfer experiments were conducted to assess the role of surface roughness on heat transfer performance. The results show that heat transfer performance is better for length scales in the 5-10 μm range than for sub-micron scales. Surfaces with bigger pillar size and larger spacing exhibit greater heat transfer coefficient values due to higher permeability for wicking flow.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Ali Eslamisaray, Parker R. Wray, Yeonjoo Lee, Gunnar M. Nelson, Ognjen Ilic, Harry A. Atwater, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: We have developed a bottom-up nonthermal plasma process to produce highly monodisperse optically Mie-resonant crystalline silicon nano particles. The particle size can be controlled between 60 and 214 nm by adjusting the gas residence time in the reactor. By dispersing the nanoparticles in water, we observed colloidal solutions of a particle-based metafluid, exhibiting strong magnetic and electric dipole resonances at visible wavelengths. The spectral overlap of the electric and magnetic resonances leads to directional Kerker scattering. The excellent agreement between extinction measurements and Mie theory confirms the narrow size, shape, and composition distributions enabled by our fabrication process. Moreover, this gas-phase process allows the production of Mie-resonant nanoparticles of dielectric materials other than silicon and their direct deposition onto desired substrates.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Zichang Xiong, Julian Held, Uwe Kortshagen
Summary: Nonthermal plasmas are attractive for nanoparticles synthesis, but their plasma properties are difficult to assess due to the reactive environment and high nanoparticle concentrations. In this study, we use a floating double probe to measure the plasma properties of an argon:silane plasma. We find that the electron temperatures increase unexpectedly with increasing silane mole fraction.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yaling Liu, John Keil, Vivian E. Ferry, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: Greenhouses provide a controlled environment for plant growth and offer resilience to droughts and extreme weather. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have the potential to reduce greenhouse energy demand by generating clean electricity and transmitting enough light for plant growth.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kristine Q. Loh, Himashi P. Andaraarachchi, Vivian E. Ferry, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: Silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) are non-toxic, elementally abundant, and low-cost luminescent materials that find applications in various fields. This study presents a convenient and rapid technique, high-pressure water vapor annealing (HWA), for synthesizing Si/SiO2 core/shell quantum dots with tunable photoluminescence. The injection of additional hydrogen gas is found to be detrimental to achieving stable silica shells, while varying the applied pressure allows for tuning of the photoluminescence quantum yield. Thicker silica shells ensure environmentally stable quantum yields of >40%.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chi Xu, Subhajyoti Chaudhuri, Julian Held, Himashi P. Andaraarachchi, George C. Schatz, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: Low-temperature plasmas in and in contact with liquids have been found to be a catalyst-free method for the selective, electrode-free, and green synthesis of novel materials. Short-lived solvated electrons are considered as the critical reducing species in the synthesis of nanomaterials, while the role of ultraviolet (UV) photons from plasma is less explored. In this study, it is demonstrated that UV radiation contributes approximately 70% of the integral plasma effect in synthesizing silver (Ag) nanoparticles within a glycerol solution. The UV radiation causes C-H bond cleavage of the glycerol molecules, resulting in the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag neutrals and the formation of nanoparticle in the liquid phase.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thomas Cameron, Bailey Klause, Himashi Andaraarachchi, Zichang Xiong, Carter Reed, Dinesh Thapa, Chi-Chin Wu, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: Capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) shows improved control and yield in the synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles compared to inductively coupled plasma (ICP), making it a promising method for various applications.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhaohan Li, Advitiya Mahajan, Himashi P. Andaraarachchi, Yeonjoo Lee, Uwe R. Kortshagen
Summary: Luminescent silicon nanocrystals modified with PEGylated acrylic acid show stable optical properties in water and biological media. These nanocrystals exhibit photoluminescence in a near-IR window with high quantum yields and low toxicity to cells at relevant concentrations.
ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahsa Taghavi, Swapnil Sharma, Vemuri Balakotaiah
Summary: This study investigates the natural convection effects in the insulation layers of spherical storage tanks and their impact on the tanks' performance. The permeability and Rayleigh number of the insulation material are considered as key factors. The results show that as the Rayleigh number increases, new convective cells emerge and cause the cold boundary to approach the external hot boundary. In the case of large temperature differences, multiple solutions may coexist.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinyang Xu, Fangjun Hong, Chaoyang Zhang
Summary: This study introduces a self-induced jet impingement device for enhancing pool boiling performance in high power electronic cooling. Through visualization and parametric investigations, the effects of this device on pool boiling performance are studied, revealing the promotion of additional liquid supply and vapor exhausting. The flow rate of the liquid jet is found to positively impact boiling performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wenchao Ke, Yuan Liu, Fissha Biruke Teshome, Zhi Zeng
Summary: Underwater wet laser welding (UWLW) is a promising and labor-saving repair technique. A thermal multi-phase flow model was developed to study the heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and phase transitions during UWLW. The results show that UWLW creates a water keyhole, making the welding environment similar to in air laser welding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xingrong Lian, Lin Tian, Zengyao Li, Xinpeng Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the heat transfer mechanisms in natural fiber-derived porous structures and finds that thermal radiation has a significant impact on the thermal conductivity in low-density regions, while natural convection rarely occurs. Insulation materials derived from micron-sized natural fibers can achieve minimum thermal conductivity at specific densities. Strategies to lower the thermal conductivity include increasing porosity and incorporating nanoscale pores using nanosize fibers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yasir A. Malik, Kilian Koebschall, Stephan Bansmer, Cameron Tropea, Jeanette Hussong, Philippe Villedieu
Summary: Ice crystal icing is a significant hazard in aviation, and accurate modeling of sticking efficiency is essential. In this study, icing wind tunnel experiments were conducted to quantify the volumetric liquid water fraction, sticking efficiency, and maximum thickness of ice layers. Two measurement techniques, calorimetry and capacitive measurements, were used to measure the liquid water content and distribution in the ice layers. The experiments showed that increasing wet bulb temperatures and substrate heat flux significantly increased sticking efficiency and maximum ice layer thickness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinqi Hu, Tongtong Geng, Kun Wang, Yuanhong Fan, Chunhua Min, Hsien Chin Su
Summary: This study experimentally examined the heat dissipation of vibrating fans and demonstrated its inherent mechanism through numerical simulation. The results showed that the flow fields induced by the vibrating blades exhibited pulsating features and formed large-scale and small-scale vortical structures, significantly improving heat dissipation. The study also identified the impacts of different blade structures and developed a trapezoidal-folding blade, which effectively reduced the maximum temperature of the heat source and alleviated high-temperature failure crisis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dan-Dan Su, Xiao-Bin Li, Hong-Na Zhang, Feng-Chen Li
Summary: The boiling heat transfer of low-boiling-point working fluid is a common heat dissipation technology in electronic equipment cooling. This study analyzed the interfacial boiling behavior of R134a under different conditions and found that factors such as the initial thickness of the liquid film, solid-liquid interaction force, and initial temperature significantly affect the boiling mode and thermal resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinyi Wu, Dongke Sun, Wei Chen, Zhenhua Chai
Summary: A unified lattice Boltzmann-phase field scheme is proposed to simulate dendrite growth of binary alloys in the presence of melt convection. The effects of various factors on the growth are investigated numerically, and the model is validated through comparisons and examinations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shaokun Ge, Ya Ni, Fubao Zhou, Wangzhaonan Shen, Jia Li, Fengqi Guo, Bobo Shi
Summary: This study investigated the temperature distribution of main cables in a suspension bridge during fire scenarios and proposed a prediction model for the maximum temperature of cables in different lane fires. The results showed that vehicle fires in the emergency lane posed a greater thermal threat to the cables.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuang-Ying Wu, Shi-Yao Zhou, Lan Xiao, Jia Luo
Summary: This paper investigates the two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of low-velocity jet impacting on a cylindrical surface. The study reveals that the heat transfer regimes are non-phase transition and nucleate boiling with the increase of heat transfer rate. The effects of jet impact height and outlet velocity on local surface temperatures are pronounced at the non-phase transition stage. The growth rates of heat transfer rate and liquid loss rate increase significantly from the non-phase transition to nucleate boiling stage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Emad Hasani Malekshah, Wlodzimierz Wlodzimierz, Miros law Majkut
Summary: Cavitation has significant practical importance and can be controlled by air injection. This study investigates the natural to ventilated cavitation process around a hydrofoil through numerical and experimental methods. The results show that the location and rate of air injection have a meaningful impact on the characteristics of cavitation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feriel Yahiat, Pascale Bouvier, Antoine Beauvillier, Serge Russeil, Christophe Andre, Daniel Bougeard
Summary: This study explores the enhancement of mixing performance in laminar flow equipment by investigating the generation of chaotic advection using wall deformations in annular geometries. The findings demonstrate that the combined geometry can achieve perfect mixing at various Reynolds numbers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hui He, Ning Lyu, Caihua Liang, Feng Wang, Xiaosong Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the condensation, frosting, and defrosting processes on superhydrophobic surfaces with millimeter-scale structures. The results reveal that the structures can influence the growth and removal of frost crystals, with the bottom grooves creating a frost-free zone and conical edges promoting higher frost crystal heights. Two effective methods for defrosting are observed: hand-lifting the groove and airfoil retraction contraction on protruding structures. This research provides valuable insights into frost formation and defrosting on millimeter-structured superhydrophobic surfaces, with potential applications in anti-frost engineering.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Thiwanka Arepolage, Christophe Verdy, Thibaut Sylvestre, Aymeric Leray, Sebastien Euphrasie
Summary: This study developed two thermal concentrators, one with a 2D design of uniform thickness and another with a 3D design, using the coordinate transformation technique and metamaterials. By structuring the thermal conductor, the desired local density-heat capacity product and anisotropic thermal conductivities were achieved. The homogenized thermal conductivities were obtained from finite element simulations and cylindrical symmetry consideration. A 3D concentrator was fabricated using 3D metal printing and characterized using a thermal camera. Compared to devices that solely consider anisotropic conductivities, the time evolution characteristics of the metadevice designed with coordinate transformation were closer to those of an ideal concentrator.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Liangyuan Cheng, Qingyang Wang, Jinliang Xu
Summary: In this study, we investigated the supercritical heat transfer of CO2 in a horizontal tube with a diameter of 10.0 mm, covering a wide range of pressures, mass fluxes, and heat fluxes. The study revealed a non-monotonic increase in wall temperatures along the flow direction and observed both positive and negative wall temperature differences between the bottom and top tube. The findings were explained by the thermal conduction in the solid wall interacting with the stratified-wavy flow in the tube.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
