Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Koon-Ho Chan, Chi-Yan Lee
Summary: NMOSD is an autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects females, leading to serious CNS inflammatory disorders. The pathogenesis involves AQP4-IgG autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4, triggering astrocytopathy and neuroinflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Norio Chihara, Takashi Yamamura
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease similar to multiple sclerosis (MS), characterized by relapsing optic neuritis and myelitis. Autoantibodies against NMO play a crucial role in the inflammatory pathology involving proinflammatory cytokines and various inflammatory cells. Recent clinical trials have shown the efficacy of specific antibodies in preventing NMO relapses.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dean M. Wingerchuk, Claudia F. Lucchinetti
Summary: Neuromyelitis Optica and its spectrum is a relapsing demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, encompassing six syndromes and associated with aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. Effective treatment is able to prevent relapses.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dean M. Wingerchuk, Claudia F. Lucchinetti
Summary: Neuromyelitis Optica, previously known as Devic's disease, is a relapsing demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that encompasses six syndromes and is associated with aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. Effective treatment is crucial in preventing relapses.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Huiru Xue, Minghui Wu, Yongle Wang, Yunfei Zhao, Meini Zhang, Hui Zhang
Summary: This study aims to explore the role and molecular basis of circadian rhythms in Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO). The findings indicate that Bmal1 and Clock, essential components of the circadian clock, are significantly decreased in NMO astrocytes. Furthermore, it is suggested that the Cx43-glutamate signaling may be a critical mechanism contributing to the NMO-induced rhythmic damage in astrocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Cacciaguerra, Paola Tortorella, Maria A. Rocca, Massimo Filippi
Summary: Advancements in the understanding of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder have led to the development of targeted drugs, particularly biologics that significantly reduce the risk of relapses in aquaporin-4-seropositive patients with mild to moderate adverse effects.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hong-Liang Guo, Xiao-Ran Shen, Xiao-Ting Liang, Ling-Zhou Li
Summary: This study investigated the expression of autophagy-related proteins in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The results suggest that IL-17A may regulate autophagy and affect the disease process through the activation of the PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Trygve Holmoy, Rune Alexander Hoglund, Zsolt Illes, Kjell-Morten Myhr, Oivind Torkildsen
Summary: For NMOSD patients, monoclonal antibodies that deplete B cells or interfere with interleukin 6 signaling have superior efficacy compared to placebo; Rituximab, tocilizumab, and to some extent eculizumab have well-known safety profiles; Rituximab and azathioprine may be safe during pregnancy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Allergy
Nadim Taheri, Julie Sarrand, Muhammad S. Soyfoo
Summary: This article reviews the recent pathogenic findings in NMO, particularly the newly discovered role of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in triggering cerebral lesions. The concept of the spectrum of diseases associated with NMO is also discussed.
CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Stanislas Demuth, Maxime Guillaume, Bertrand Bourre, Jonathan Ciron, Helene Zephir, Yoann Sirejacob, Anne Kerbrat, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Caroline Papeix, Laure Michel, David Laplaud, Sandra Vukusic, Elisabeth Maillart, Mikael Cohen, Bertrand Audoin, Romain Marignier, Nicolas Collongues
Summary: This study aimed to identify predictors of outcome after a first attack in patients with NMOSD and propose the best treatment strategy. The results showed that MOG antibody seropositivity and shorter delays to plasma exchanges (PE) were significantly and independently associated with better recovery and treatment response.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shabeer Paul, Gouranga Prasad Mondal, Ramesh Bhattacharyya, Kartik Chandra Ghosh, Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat
Summary: Over the past two decades, the disease concept of NMOSD has significantly changed with the detection of MOG antibody and the understanding of immune astrocytopathy. The revised diagnostic criteria have widened the clinical spectrum of NMOSD, allowing for earlier diagnosis and prompt initiation of effective immunosuppression for better long-term outcomes. Challenges still remain in treating seronegative NMOSD due to limited treatment options.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yong Guo, Vanda A. Lennon, Joseph E. Parisi, Bogdan Popescu, Christina Vasquez, Sean J. Pittock, Charles L. Howe, Claudia F. Lucchinetti
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that affects CNS astrocytes. This study reveals the complex astrogliotic reactions and their role in the evolution and potential for repair of lesions, independent of aquaporin-4 loss or lysis.
Review
Immunology
Tingjun Chen, Dale B. Bosco, Yanlu Ying, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: NMO is an autoantibody-triggered neuro-inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spinal cord and optic nerve. Studies have shown significant microglial activation in NMO lesions, indicating a potential role for microglia in NMO pathology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiangping Bian, Jiali Sun, Haoxiao Chang, Yuzhen Wei, Hengri Cong, Mengyuan Yao, Fuyao Xiao, Huabing Wang, Yaobo Zhao, Jianghong Liu, Xinghu Zhang, Linlin Yin
Summary: This study aimed to develop a sensitive and high-throughput LC-MS/MS-based method to identify novel biomarkers in NMOSD patients and verify their function. The findings showed that tyrosine and tryptophan metabolites IA and I-3-CA decreased, while HIAA increased significantly in the serum of NMOSD patients. Phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in the CSF increased significantly during the relapse stage, and IA levels in the CSF were also increased during the relapse and remission phases. IA levels in the serum negatively correlated with GFAP and NfL levels. IA may serve as a promising biomarker to monitor and predict the activity and severity of NMOSD disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael Levy, Kazuo Fujihara, Jacqueline Palace
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a rare autoimmune disease affecting the CNS, with recent trials showing benefits of new therapies in preventing future attacks. However, differences in efficacy, safety, tolerability, and practical considerations of these therapies may impact their use in real-world populations of patients. Future research should focus on unmet needs, including aquaporin-4 seronegative disease and treatments for acute relapses and recovery from autoimmune attacks in the CNS.
