Article
Mechanics
Han Wu, Chengqi Sun, Wei Xu, Xin Chen, Xiaolei Wu
Summary: In this paper, a continuous runout method (CRM) is proposed to evaluate the fatigue strength in high cycle and very high cycle fatigue regimes based on the probability and statistics theory. The CRM features the simultaneous testing of multiple samples, which reduces the testing period to 1/5-1/3 of that by the common up-and-down method for 16 samples. Experimental data for G20Mn5QT steel, 40 Cr steel, and Ti-6Al-4V alloy validate the CRM's predicted lower limits of fatigue strength, which are slightly more conservative than those obtained by the up-and-down method.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenchao Yu, Shipeng Zhu, Xiaofei He, Maoqiu Wang
Summary: The microstructure, mechanical properties, and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of two 2000 MPa ultrahigh-strength martensitic steels were investigated. The newly developed steel exhibited lower ultimate tensile strength but higher yield strength compared to the conventional steel. It also had higher impact toughness, fracture toughness, fatigue strength, and longer fatigue life at the same stress amplitude due to its better cleanliness, tempering at a higher temperature, lower crack growth rate, and better toughness.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Bernd M. Schoenbauer, Suraj S. More, Guillermo E. Morales-Espejel, Herwig Mayer
Summary: The influence of temperature on the very high cycle fatigue properties of three high carbon chromium bearing steels (52100, 52100-VIM/VAR and M50-VIM/VAR) was investigated. Interior defect-initiated cracking was the dominant failure mechanism at all temperatures. Nonmetallic inclusions were the origin of fracture for 52100 while carbides were the origin for 52100-VIM/VAR and M50-VIM/VAR. The fatigue strength at 300°C decreased significantly compared to 22°C, with 52100 steels experiencing a decrease of 56-57% and M50 a decrease of 41%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michael Fitzka, Bernd M. Schoenbauer, Robert K. Rhein, Niloofar Sanaei, Shahab Zekriardehani, Srinivasan Arjun Tekalur, Jason W. Carroll, Herwig Mayer
Summary: This study summarizes the comparability of fatigue properties measured with ultrasonic and conventional equipment, focusing on the performance of different materials at ultrasonic frequencies. Aluminium alloys and high-strength steels are insensitive to cycling frequency, while the strain rate sensitivity of ferrite may lead to prolonged lifetimes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yusong Fan, Xiaolu Gui, Miao Liu, Xi Wang, Chun Feng, Guhui Gao
Summary: The study focuses on the high-cycle fatigue behaviors of medium-carbon bainitic steels. Two crack initiation modes, inclusion-induced crack initiation (IICI) and noninclusion-induced crack initiation (NIICI), were identified after fatigue failure. Predictions of fatigue strength and life were made based on fracture surface analysis.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Shawn L. Kiser, Marc Rebillat, Mikhail Guskov, Nicolas Ranc
Summary: Ultrasonic fatigue tests are used to study the fatigue life behavior of metallic components undergoing a high number of cycles under low mechanical loads. This paper introduces a spectral estimation method for extracting vibration signal parameters and recommends suitable algorithms for processing experimental data obtained from ultrasonic fatigue tests.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Pedro R. da Costa, Luis Reis, Manuel Freitas
Summary: Ultrasonic fatigue testing is a method that uses resonance to achieve very high cyclic load frequencies for studying high cycle fatigue. This study modified the geometry of the specimen and conducted numerical and experimental modal behavior analysis to achieve reliable multiaxial fatigue testing. The results prove a clear trend in crack propagation details with the increase of the induced stress ratio.
FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Peng Wang, Peng Zhang, Bin Wang, Yankun Zhu, Zikuan Xu, Zhefeng Zhang
Summary: The fatigue properties of high-strength steels are influenced by the size and type of inclusions. The inclusion-induced fatigue failure increases with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), while the failure at sample surfaces decreases. A new fatigue cracking criterion based on the inclusion size is established to determine the occurrence of fatigue fracture and control inclusion size in high-strength steels.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Gen Li, Lei Ke, Xuechong Ren, Chengqi Sun
Summary: The fracture surface of TC17 alloy varies in morphology depending on the stress ratio, with facet characteristic at high stress ratio and rough area morphology at low stress ratio. Walker's equation is found to be more accurate than Goodman's equation and Smith-Watson-Topper's equation for predicting the effect of stress ratio on high cycle and very high cycle fatigue strength.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yao Chen, Shijian Wang, Haizhou Li, Yongjie Liu, Chao He, Jie Cui, Qing Jiang, Chang Liu, Qiyuan He, Quanwei Liang, Lang Li, Qingyuan Wang
Summary: This study systematically explores the subsurface cracking at the inner matrix from the mesoscale to the atomic scale. The results suggest that subsurface cracking initiates from a single coarse lath and is associated with the localized plastic deformation zones near alpha-Fe nanoprecipitates. It is proposed that the nucleation of interfacial microcracks at the nanoprecipitate/alpha-Fe interfaces, along with their coalescence into a trans-granular crack, is the mechanism for crack initiation within the coarse lath.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Gen Li, Lei Ke, Wenjie Peng, Xuechong Ren, Chengqi Sun
Summary: This study investigates the effects of natural aging and variable amplitude loading on the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior of a high strength steel GCr15. The results show that natural aging can prolong the fatigue life of the steel, but has no influence on the characteristics of crack initiation and early growth region. Both low loading and high loading in variable amplitude have an impact on the fatigue life, but the extent of the influence is related to loading sequence, cycles, and stress level.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guhui Gao, Rong Liu, Yusong Fan, Guian Qian, Xiaolu Gui, R. D. K. Misra, Bingzhe Bai
Summary: This study investigates the fatigue crack initiation behavior of advanced bainitic steels during high cycle fatigue/very high cycle fatigue regimes and the role of retained austenite in crack initiation and propagation. The study identifies multiple micro-mechanisms responsible for fatigue crack initiation and discusses the formation of fine grains that assist crack advancement. The findings provide insights into the cyclic response of multiphase structures and the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation during very high cycle fatigue.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chengqi Sun, Han Wu, Weiqian Chi, Wenjing Wang, Guang-Ping Zhang
Summary: This paper reveals that nanograins are present in locally high-stress areas during the very high cycle fatigue of TC17 alloy, and nanograin formation is mainly attributed to twinning. The locally high stress induces twinning or slip in preferentially oriented alpha grains. Subsequently, the interaction between twin systems or dislocations leads to the formation of dislocation cells or walls, initiation of microbands, and ultimately the formation of nanograins. As a result, the regions with nanograins and the boundaries between the nanograin and coarse grain regions become preferential sites for crack initiation and early growth. Finite element analysis demonstrates the fatigue cracking behavior related to nanograins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Qu Zeng, Weijun Hui, Yongjian Zhang, Xiangjiang Liu, Zan Yao
Summary: This study aims to investigate the fatigue performance of GCr15 bearing steel produced by different melting routes using ultrasonic fatigue testing. The results show that the fatigue strength of the steel fabricated by continuous casting is slightly lower (about 4%) than that of the steel by electroslag remelting route, mainly due to differences in inclusion characteristics. Nitride has a detrimental effect on fatigue performance, mainly due to its internal cracking mode and lower threshold value for granular bright facet formation. Compared to other GCr15 steels in literature, the tested steels exhibit excellent fatigue performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mengqi Yang, Chong Gao, Jianchao Pang, Shouxin Li, Dejiang Hu, Xiaowu Li, Zhefeng Zhang
Summary: Different heat treatment procedures were applied to 35CrMo steel in order to obtain the optimum fatigue performance. The microstructure, tensile properties, fatigue properties, and fatigue cracking mechanisms were compared and analyzed. The results showed that both the fatigue strength and yield strength of the steel reached the maximum values at a tempering temperature of 200 degrees C.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xianqi Lei, Lichao Yuan, Liu Peng, Chengqi Sun, Bingchen Wei, Yujie Wei
Summary: The study combines ultrasonic fatigue test and conventional fatigue test to investigate the fatigue endurance limit of Vitreloy 1 (TM) metallic glass, revealing a clear limit of about 320 MPa and similar residual strength for survivals after 10^9 cycles compared to intact samples. The fatigue crack initiation from spherical pores and the elliptical fatigue crack front are key elements in understanding the fatigue behavior of metallic glasses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Chunguang Chen, Ming Jiang, Tao Zhou, Luc Raijmakers, Egor Vezhlev, Baolin Wu, Tobias U. Schuelli, Dmitri L. Danilov, Yujie Wei, Ruediger-A. Eichel, Peter H. L. Notten
Summary: Efforts to improve Li-ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-based batteries are crucial, and recent studies highlight the importance of addressing interface issues. Interface problems can significantly hamper electron and Li-ion transport, leading to storage capacity losses and battery failures. Understanding and controlling interfaces is key for optimizing battery performance.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenhui Xie, Yujie Wei
Summary: The study demonstrates that layered 3D MAC composites exhibit outstanding strength and plastic-like strain due to surface roughening and the ultra-compliant nature of MACs. Unlike using intact graphene or multiple stacked MACs, 3D MAC materials show superior mechanical properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yang Gao, Yujie Xie, Anran Wei, Yujie Wei, Tao Chen, Haimin Yao
Summary: Researchers have successfully fabricated a macroscopic graphene-based material with unique mechanical behavior by stacking few-layer graphene flakes. By transferring the material onto a polyethylene substrate that responds to temperature variations, they were able to apply controlled tensile and compressive loads to study its tension-compression asymmetry. The study not only provides an effective method to measure stress-strain behavior in less-cohesive materials like SGA, but also contributes to the design and application of stacked assemblies of 2D materials in flexible sensors and actuators.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuo-Er Liu, Yujie Wei
Summary: In this work, an analytical solution to the stress fields of kinked cracks is developed using conformal mapping and the Muskhelishvili approach, validated by finite-element simulations. This prior knowledge is used to analyze the dependence of crack deflection on loading conditions, critical energy release rate, and the geometry of kinked cracks, paving the way for solving multiple-kinked cracks.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chuangchuang Duan, Yujie Wei
Summary: This paper investigates the relaxation mechanisms in polycrystalline materials, highlighting the impact of grain boundary diffusion and viscous flow on material properties. The research shows that different competitive deformation mechanisms can affect the dependence of relaxation time on grain size.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jici Wen, Qingrong Zou, Zehui Zhang, Jian Shi, Yujie Wei
Summary: Cycle-life prediction is a crucial aspect of health management for commercial batteries. By understanding the relationship between average charging rate and cycle life, we can enhance the predictability of battery life. The scaling of charging rate and cycle number may pave the way for optimizing the design of advanced batteries.
ACTA MECHANICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanglizhi Li, Haiyang Liu, Zhenghua Chang, Haoxiang Li, Shenxing Wang, Li Lin, Hailin Peng, Yujie Wei, Luzhao Sun, Zhongfan Liu
Summary: By using the slip-line-guided growth principle, the controllable crystal orientation of graphene on metal surfaces has been demonstrated, leading to the successful synthesis of bicrystal graphene with specific GB misorientations on metal substrates.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zheng Yuan, Xianjia Chen, Cen Li, Lijun Ma, Qiang Li, Shouguang Sun, Yujie Wei
Summary: This paper presents long-term field tests to obtain stress-time histories of the bogie frame of high-speed trains, and identifies the correlation between operation variables and the characteristics of stress spectra. The impact of operation variables on damage is quantified using the segmented Weibull model, with the inflection stress as a measure of track status.
VEHICLE SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Di Xie, Wei Zhang, Zongyang Lyu, Peter K. Liaw, Huy Tran, Huck Beng Chew, Yujie Wei, Yang Ren, Yanfei Gao
Summary: Despite the superior mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, their potential applications are limited due to a lack of understanding of their failure mechanisms. This study utilizes synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique to analyze in situ strain mapping in a highly textured ZK60 Mg alloy. The results show good agreement with micromechanical modeling and reveal localized twin activities near the fatigue crack.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuai Zhao, Xibei Zhang, Yong Ni, Qing Peng, Yujie Wei
Summary: In this study, the anisotropic mechanical properties of stable monolayer C60 fullerene (mC60) lattice were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and theoretical analysis. The results showed that the tensile properties of mC60 were orientation-dependent, and the band gap of mC60 could be tuned through strain engineering. These findings are significant for exploring the functioning and application of mC60 and mechanical analysis of other monolayer lattices.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chunguang Chen, Qingrong Zou, Jici Wen, Jin Liu, Peter H. L. Notten, Yujie Wei
Summary: Through large-scale experimental investigations, the influence of temperature and charging-discharging rates on the fatigue characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is shown. The cycle-life of LIBs is inversely proportional to the charging-discharging rate and follows a lognormal distribution. This research is of significant importance for the life-span evaluation and safety design of large-scale battery packs in electric vehicles and energy storage.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Shenyou Peng, Zhili Wang, Jia Li, Qihong Fang, Yujie Wei
Summary: The conventional role of precipitates in crystalline solids is to block dislocation motion and cause hardening, attributed to Orowan's finding. Recent experiments and analysis show that dispersed nanometer-sized precipitates in advanced metals can further increase their strength without sacrificing ductility. This study constructs a deformation map of four distinct mechanisms of dislocation-precipitate interaction and reveals the potential for optimizing material strength and ductility through precipitation engineering.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuo-Er Liu, Yujie Wei
Summary: Crack branching is common in engineering practice and analyzing the mechanical properties of branched cracks is important for safety analysis and crack-path engineering. In this work, we developed a theoretical method to calculate the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of branched cracks using Schwarz-Christoffel mapping and Muskhelishvili approach. The convenience and accuracy of this method were demonstrated by obtaining SIFs for forked cracks and four-branched cracks. The theoretical solutions were validated using finite-element simulations and showed good agreement. These analytical methods provide a general way to solve SIFs and the energy release rate of branched cracks, which can be applied to understand crack splitting and crack network engineering.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Chuanqi Liu, Yujie Wei
Summary: The eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) is a versatile technique that models discontinuities by enriching trial functions with a prior solution. This study proposes a novel approach to compute the gradients of crack fronts in X-FEM without evaluating directional vectors. The proposed method utilizes level set functions in a hexahedral grid and implements the Weight Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme to compute the gradients accurately. The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated in a three-dimensional lens crack problem.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Miloslav Kepka, Miloslav Kepka Jr, Radovan Minich
Summary: This paper focuses on the fatigue life evaluation of the bodywork of a new articulated electric (battery) bus. The findings resulted in recommendations to improve the operational reliability of a particular vehicle and provided challenges for future research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
T. Dusautoir, B. Berthel, S. Fouvry, P. Matzen, K-D. Meck
Summary: This study investigates the impact of post-processing treatments on the fatigue limit of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under stress gradients, with a focus on surface integrity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhuofan Xia, Di Wu, Xiaochen Zhang, Jianqiu Wang, En -Hou Han
Summary: The study reveals the surface-initiated rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure mechanism under heavy load and initial high roughness surface. The results indicate that precursor of collapsed morphology and nanocrystalline layer are the main factors causing lower RCF life with high roughness compared to low roughness surfaces. The spalling failure initiating from low roughness surface under heavy load is strongly dependent on surface plastic deformation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Daniel Gren, Knut Andreas Meyer
Summary: Rolling contact loading can cause plastic deformation and fatigue cracks. Current rail standards do not consider the effect of plasticity on mechanical behavior. This study proposes a new method for evaluating the fatigue life of deformed material and finds that superimposed compressive axial loads can increase fatigue life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
R. Kumar, S. Sanyal, J. Bhagyaraj, E. Hari Krishna, S. Mukherjee, K. Prasad, S. Mandal
Summary: This study investigates the thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior of Timetal 834 alloy under different loading conditions. The results show that the alloy exhibits different cyclic hardening and softening responses at different strain amplitudes. The strain amplitude and phase angle have significant effects on the TMF life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kai Donnerbauer, Tobias Bill, Peter Starke, Ruth Acosta, Bharath Yerrapa, Christian Boller, Klaus Heckmann, Frank Walther
Summary: Given the aging of nuclear power plants, it is important to develop methods for evaluating the integrity of components and structures in nuclear engineering. Suitable nondestructive testing methods can detect material degradation and determine its fatigue life. This study utilized various NDT parameters and scanning electron microscopic methods to explore the relationship between microstructure evolution and NDT data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Liuyong He, Jiang Zheng, Tianjiao Li, Houkun Zhou, Lihong Xia, Bin Jiang
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the effects of precipitates on the deformation mode, cracking mode, and mechanical behavior of WE54 magnesium alloy during low-cycle fatigue. It was found that precipitates promoted the activation of dislocation slip and suppressed the activation of twinning, affecting the cracking mode and mechanical behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xiangkang Zeng, Conghui Zhang, Wenguang Zhu, Mingliang Zhu, Tongguang Zhai, Xiaomei He, Kangkai Song, Zhuohang Xie
Summary: The cyclic deformation behaviors and damage mechanisms of pure Zr were investigated. The cyclic stress response was mainly influenced by substructure evolutions. Prismatic < a > dislocation slip was identified as the dominant deformation mechanism. Fatigue damage was not only influenced by the initial texture, but also other factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jingyu Yang, Bingbing Li, Yiming Zheng, Gang Chen, Xu Chen
Summary: Heat treatment is used to improve the low-cycle fatigue performance of additive manufactured 316LN stainless steel. The heat-treated material demonstrates initially cyclic hardening followed by softening behavior, and shows a stronger resistance to crack propagation compared to the as-built material, resulting in a longer fatigue life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Lang Zou, Dongfang Zeng, Xiong Chen, Jun Li, Hai Zhao, Liantao Lu
Summary: This study investigates the competitive relationship between fretting fatigue and plain fatigue in press-fitted railway axles. By changing the depth of the stress relief groove, the plain fatigue limit and fretting fatigue strength were tested. Detailed information was gathered, and an evaluation methodology integrating finite element simulation and the Modified Wohler Curve Method was established. The study concludes that the optimal groove depth, which balances the anti-fatigue capabilities, depends on the number of test cycles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Davide Leonetti, Koji Kinoshita, Yukina Takai, Alain Nussbaumer
Summary: This paper investigates the fatigue behavior of non-load-carrying transverse welded steel attachments, including fatigue crack monitoring and fracture surface analysis under constant and variable amplitude loading. A procedure is proposed to obtain a Markov transition matrix based on the measured strain signal and to randomly resample the stress history for variable amplitude fatigue tests.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhe Zhang, Bing Yang, Yuedong Wang, Shoune Xiao
Summary: This paper presents a method for designing fatigue life prediction models with small sample sizes by handling limited sample data. The method integrates the equivalent structural stress method with the maximum likelihood estimation method and adds reliability verification, resulting in enhanced goodness of fit, stability, and optimized sample quantity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Cooper K. Hansen, Gary F. Whelan, Jacob D. Hochhalter
Summary: This paper presents a method to address the computational demand issue of computing FIPs using CPFEM by developing an interpretable machine learning model. Genetic programming is used to evolve interpretable expressions of FIPs from microstructure features, and these models can serve as efficient substitutes for CPFEM and be easily integrated into engineering workflows.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Luca Susmel
Summary: This paper discusses the problem of estimating notch fatigue limits using machine learning. The results show that machine learning is a promising approach for designing notched components against fatigue. The accuracy in estimating the fatigue limit can be increased by increasing the size and quality of the calibration dataset, as well as including additional input features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kefeng Gao, Guoqi Tan, Yanyan Liu, Qiang Wang, Qian Tang, Xuegang Wang, Qiqiang Duan, Zengqian Liu, Zhe Yi, Zhefeng Zhang
Summary: Bioinspired architectures have significant effects on material enhancement. This study investigates the fatigue properties of bioinspired ceramic-polymer composites and natural nacre, revealing the close relationship between architectural types, orientations, fatigue performance, and damage mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
