Numerical investigation on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with channel position variation

Such factors as mole fractions of species, water generation, and conductivity influence the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The geometrical shape of the fuel cells also should be considered a factor in predicting the performance because this affects the species' reaction speed and distribution. Specifically, the position between the channel and rib is an important factor influencing PEMFC performance because the current density distribution is affected by the channel and rib position. Three main variables that decide the current density distribution are selected in the paper: species concentration, overpotentials, and membrane conductivity. These variables should be considered simultaneously in deciding the current density distribution with the given PEMFC cell voltage. In addition, the inlet relative humidity is another factor affecting current density distribution and membrane conductivity. In this paper, two channel-to-rib models, namely, channel-to-channel and the channel-to-rib, are considered for comparing the PEMFC performance. Thorough performance comparisons between these two models are presented to explain which is better under certain parameters. A three-dimensional numerical PEMFC model is developed for obtaining the current density distribution. Water transfer mechanism because of electro osmotic drag and concentration diffusion also is presented to explain the PEMFC performance comparison between the two models. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.