Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
Volume 33, Issue 3, Pages 394-401Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.08.036
Keywords
Automatic generation control; Bacterial foraging technique; Integral plus double derivative controller; Speed regulation parameter; Sensitivity analysis
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This paper presents automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected two equal area, three and five unequal-areas thermal systems provided with single reheat turbine and generation rate constraints of 3% per minute in each area. A maiden attempt is made to apply integral plus double derivative (IDD) controller in AGC. Controller gains in the two-area system are optimized using classical approach whereas in the three and five area systems controller gains and governor speed regulation parameters (R) are simultaneously optimized by using a more recent and powerful evolutionary computational technique called bacterial foraging (BF) technique. Investigations reveal on comparison that Integral (I), Proportional-Integral (PI), Integral-Derivative (ID), or Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers all provide more or less same response where as Integral-Double Derivative (IDD) controller provides much better response. Sensitivity analysis reveals the robustness of the optimized IDD controller gains and R-1 of the five area system to wide changes in inertia constant (H), reheat time constant (T-r), reheat coefficient (K-r), system loading condition and size and position of step-load perturbation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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