Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Oded Agam, Erez Braun
Summary: This study develops a physics framework for animal morphogenesis based on whole-body Hydra regeneration. By introducing experimental controls, including an external electric field and a drug that blocks gap junctions, the researchers characterize the essential step in the morphological transition from a spherical shape to an elongated spheroid. They find that spatial fluctuations of the Ca2+ distribution in the Hydra's tissue drive this transition and propose a field-theoretic model to explain it.
Article
Biology
Agastya P. Bhati, S. Goyal, Ram Yadav, N. Sathyamurthy
Summary: The alternating bands of violet and white color in the matured flowers of Passiflora incarnata arise from competition between violet colored anthocyanin and colorless flavonols on the filaments. The formation of concentric rings in the flower can be explained using the activator-inhibitor model of Gierer and Meinhardt along with Turing's reaction diffusion theory.
JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sol Fernandez M. Arancibia, Andrew C. Oates, Stefan Schulte-Merker, Luis G. Morelli
Summary: The paper presents a reaction wavefront theory to explain the patterning of the notochord in zebrafish. The theory suggests that the pattern is generated by an activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion mechanism, with cues from the paraxial mesoderm playing a crucial role. The study reveals that the velocity and shape of the reaction wavefront can affect the quality of the pattern, with different defect types associated with different wavelengths.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Gregoire Nadin, Eric Ogier-Denis, Ana Toledo, Hatem Zaag
Summary: Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease with a patchy inflammatory pattern that is not well understood. A toy-model introduced in this study explains the appearance of such patterns through a reaction-diffusion system involving bacteria and phagocyte, demonstrating the occurrence of Turing-type instabilities. This study is the first to investigate Turing patterns in inflammatory models.
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Pau Casanova-Ferrer, Javier Munoz-Garcia, Saul Ares
Summary: In this review, existing theoretical models of nitrogen-fixing cell differentiation in filamentous cyanobacteria are systematically reviewed, and the virtues and shortcomings of different approaches are compared.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Shanshan Chen, Junping Shi, Guohong Zhang
Summary: The study explores the stability of a constant steady state in a general reaction-diffusion model with nonlocal dispersal of activator or inhibitor, and finds that Turing instability and spatial patterns can be induced by fast nonlocal inhibitor dispersal and slow activator diffusion. It also shows that slow nonlocal activator dispersal causes instability without producing stable spatial patterns. The existence of nonconstant positive steady states is demonstrated through bifurcation theory, suggesting a new mechanism for spatial pattern formation different from the traditional Turing mechanism. The theoretical results are applied to pattern formation problems in nonlocal water-plant and predator-prey models.
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. A. Lyons, R. M. Buckley, R. J. Harvey, Danielle Aberdein, Asa Ohlsson Andersson, Tomas F. Bergstrom, Adam R. Boyko, Margret L. Casal, Brian W. Davis, Ottmar Distl, N. Matthew Ellinwood, Oliver P. Forman, Edward Ginns, Daisuke Hasegawa, Vidhya Jagannathan, Isabel Hernandez, Maria Kaukonen, Emilie Leclerc, Tosso Leeb, Hannes Lohi, Mark A. Magnuson, Shrinivasrao P. Mane, John S. Munday, Alexandra N. Myers, Simon M. Peterson-Jones, Clare Rusbridge, Beth Shapiro, William F. Swanson, Rory J. Todhunter, Elizabeth A. Wilcox, Yoshihiko Yu
Summary: Tabby patterns in cats are influenced by at least three loci, including Tabby and Ticked loci. The Ticked locus on cat chromosome B1 is suggested to control the presence or absence of ticked patterns. Variant analysis identified candidate genes and variants associated with the Ticked locus, including Dickkopf Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 4 (DKK4) variants.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Acharya Balkrishna, Vallabh Prakash Mulay, Sudeep Verma, Jyotish Srivastava, Savita Lochab, Anurag Varshney
Summary: The extract from Pistacia integerrima contains penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), which shows potential in inhibiting lung cancer progression by modulating the ERK/AMPK-ULK1/STAT3 signaling axis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Acharya Balkrishna, Vallabh Prakash Mulay, Sudeep Verma, Jyotish Srivastava, Savita Lochab, Anurag Varshney
Summary: The plant extract from Pistacia integerrima containing PGG effectively combats lung cancer progression through autophagic cell death by altering ERK/AMPK-ULK1/STAT3 signaling axes.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Joseph J. Hanly, Erica C. N. Robertson, Olaf B. W. H. Corning, Arnaud Martin
Summary: The study reveals the evolutionary dynamics of the WntA subfamily, which evolved at the base of the Bilateria + Cnidaria clade, conserving the core Wnt secretory pathway and unique amino acid residues; The WntA gene has been lost three times within arthropods, but still functional in beetles and butterflies.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Xiaoli Wang, Guohong Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of nonlocal diffusion and dispersal spread on bifurcations of an activator-inhibitor system. It is found that spatially inhomogeneous patterns exist under certain conditions, and the model supports a larger parameter region for pattern formations compared to other models. Additionally, the study explores the existence of nonconstant positive steady states through bifurcation theory and identifies finite or infinite steady state bifurcation points in the system. As illustrated by a water-biomass model, the distributions of water and plants may exhibit inphase or antiphase patterns.
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Longhua Guo, Joshua Bloom, Steve Sykes, Elaine Huang, Zain Kashif, Elise Pham, Katarina Ho, Ana Alcaraz, Xinshu Grace Xiao, Sandra Duarte-Vogel, Leonid Kruglyak
Summary: This study utilized quantitative genetics and genomics to investigate the mutation underlying white coloration in the common leopard gecko. By sequencing the genomes of geckos in a large breeding colony and conducting genetic linkage analysis, the Lemon Frost mutation was localized to a single locus containing the candidate gene SPINT1.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Yong Wang, Mengping Guo, Weihua Jiang
Summary: This paper studies the Hopf bifurcations and Turing bifurcations of the Gierer-Meinhardt activator-inhibitor model. The interesting and complex spatially periodic solutions and patterns induced by bifurcations are analyzed theoretically and numerically. The conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation and Turing bifurcation are established, and the Turing instability region caused by diffusion is obtained. Moreover, the dynamic behaviors near the Turing bifurcation are studied using weakly nonlinear analysis techniques, and the spatial pattern types are predicted by the amplitude equation. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the results of the analysis.
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE THEORY OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Masaki Aida, Takumi Sakiyama, Ayako Hashizume, Chisa Takano
Summary: The problem of fake news is worsening in online social networks, and issuing corrections as a countermeasure may ironically strengthen attention to fake news. This paper proposes a reaction-diffusion model to describe the interaction between fake news and corrections, explaining how corrections increase attention to fake news. Numerical calculations show that even without spatial bias, the interaction between fake news and corrections creates groups interested in discussing fake news. Additionally, a basic strategy to counter fake news is proposed and evaluated.
IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Erika Hausenblas, Akash Ashirbad Panda
Summary: This article investigates the behavior of the stochastic reaction-diffusion Gierer-Meinhardt system in one or two-dimensional space. By introducing perturbations with an infinite-dimensional Wiener process, the existence and pathwise uniqueness of solutions are studied.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND OPTIMIZATION
(2022)