Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Mark M. Hammer, Suzanne C. Byrne, Ron Blankstein
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the accuracy of reporting coronary calcification on lung cancer screening CTs in real-world scenarios, as well as the subsequent testing and prescribing of statins. The results showed that 65% of patients had concordant coronary calcification scores in paired cardiac CTs, while in 34% of patients, the calcifications were not mentioned or underestimated. Reporting coronary artery calcification led to new statin prescriptions, with a higher odds ratio for calcifications with significant incidental findings. Radiologists should consider reporting coronary calcifications to facilitate risk-benefit discussions with physicians.
ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Omar Dzaye, Philipp Berning, Zeina A. Dardari, Daniel S. Berman, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael D. Miedema, Khurram Nasir, Alan Rozanski, John A. Rumberger, Leslee J. Shaw, Martin Bodtker Mortensen, Seamus P. Whelton, Michael J. Blaha
Summary: The study found a strong association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores and lung cancer mortality risk, especially in smokers, particularly women. For patients with higher CAC scores, the risk of lung cancer mortality was significantly increased compared to those with lower CAC scores.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Maurizio Balbi, Federica Sabia, Roberta E. Ledda, Gianluca Milanese, Margherita Ruggirello, Mario Silva, Alfonso V. Marchiano, Nicola Sverzellati, Ugo Pastorino
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive abilities of automated coronary artery calcium (CAC) and quantitative emphysema (%LAA) for mortality and lung cancer incidence in lung cancer screening. The results showed that both CAC and %LAA independently predicted 6-year all-cause, noncancer, and cardiovascular mortality, and were negatively correlated with forced expiratory value in 1 second (FEV1). %LAA also had a moderate discriminative ability for airflow obstruction. These findings suggest that CAC and %LAA provide additional prognostic information for mortality prediction in lung cancer screening.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kyle Wang, Hayley E. Malkin, Nicholas D. Patchett, Kevin A. Pearlstein, Hillary M. Heiling, Sean D. McCabe, Allison M. Deal, Panayiotis Mavroidis, Mary Oakey, Jeffrey Fenoli, Carrie B. Lee, J. Larry Klein, Brian C. Jensen, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Lawrence B. Marks, Ashley A. Weiner
Summary: This study found that computed tomography (CT) coronary calcifications are associated with cardiac toxicity and can help ascertain baseline heart disease. The presence of coronary calcifications can identify high-risk patients and guide clinicians in taking measures before potentially cardiotoxic cancer treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Ragani Velusamy, Mark Nolan, Andrew Murphy, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Thomas H. Marwick
Summary: Coronary artery disease (CAD) plays a significant role in the cardiovascular burden experienced by cancer survivors. This review highlights certain features that can guide decisions regarding the need for screening for the risk or presence of sub-clinical CAD. Screening may be appropriate for select survivors based on their risk factors and inflammatory burden. Genetic testing can provide valuable information for future CAD risk prediction tools, such as polygenic risk scores and clonal hematopoiesis markers. Factors such as cancer type and treatment also play a crucial role in determining risk, with specific implications for lifestyle interventions, atherosclerosis interventions, and potential revascularization in some cases.
JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ugo Pastorino, Vito Ladisa, Sara Trussardo, Federica Sabia, Luigi Rolli, Camilla Valsecchi, Roberta E. Ledda, Gianluca Milanese, Paola Suatoni, Mattia Boeri, Gabriella Sozzi, Alfonso Marchiano, Elena Munarini, Roberto Boffi, Silvano Gallus, Giovanni Apolone
Summary: Cytisine, combined with counseling, is an effective and safe medication for smoking cessation, as demonstrated by a study in Italy. It significantly increases the quit rate and can be used to improve lung cancer screening outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nongnit Laytragoon Lewin, Jan-Erik Karlsson, David Robinsson, Matida Fagerberg, Magnus Kentsson, Shariel Sayardoust, Mats Nilsson, Levar Shamoun, Bengt-Ake Andersson, Sture Lofgren, Lars Erik Rutqvist, Freddi Lewin
Summary: The study identified certain SNPs associated with the risk of coronary artery disease, urinary bladder cancer, and lung cancer. The impact of cigarette smoking on the diseases was specific to certain SNP sequences, and the distribution of these SNPs was specific to each patient group.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Scott J. Adams, Emily Stone, David R. Baldwin, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Pyng Lee, Florian J. Fintelmann
Summary: Randomised controlled trials have shown that low-dose CT lung cancer screening reduces mortality compared with chest radiography or no screening. However, uncertainties remain about optimizing clinical and cost effectiveness. This Review provides an international perspective on lung cancer screening, covering clinical trials, identification of individuals who benefit, management of screen-detected findings, smoking cessation interventions, cost-effectiveness, artificial intelligence and biomarkers, and challenges and opportunities in implementation.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Tri Le, Stacie Miller, Emily Berry, Sarah Zamarripa, Aurelio Rodriguez, Benjamin Barkley, Asha Kandathil, Cecelia Brewington, Keith E. Argenbright, David E. Gerber
Summary: By collaborating with community leaders and stakeholders, a community-based lung cancer screening program with telephone-based navigation and tobacco cessation counseling support was successfully implemented in rural areas. The program demonstrated feasibility and effectiveness in promoting awareness, increasing referrals, and completing LDCTs for eligible individuals.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanqing Chao, Hongming Shan, Fatemeh Homayounieh, Ramandeep Singh, Ruhani Doda Khera, Hengtao Guo, Timothy Su, Ge Wang, Mannudeep K. Kalra, Pingkun Yan
Summary: The study highlights the higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in cancer patients, and the potential of low dose CT scans for simultaneous cardiovascular risk assessment. A deep learning model developed in the study demonstrates human-level performance, enabling LDCT to be converted into a dual-screening quantitative tool for CVD risk estimation in high-risk patients.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Iakovos Toumazis, Pianpian Cao, Koen de Nijs, Mehrad Bastani, Vidit Munshi, Mehdi Hemmati, Kevin ten Haaf, Jihyoun Jeon, Martin Tammemagi, G. Scott Gazelle, Eric J. Feuer, Chung Yin Kong, Rafael Meza, Harry J. de Koning, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Summer S. S. Han
Summary: In their 2021 update, the USPSTF emphasized the need for further research on the benefits and harms of risk model-based lung cancer screening strategies. This comparative modeling analysis found that risk model-based screening strategies were more cost-effective than the USPSTF recommendation, with a 6-year risk threshold of 1.2% or greater being the most cost-effective.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jordan Chamberlin, Madison R. Kocher, Jeffrey Waltz, Madalyn Snoddy, Natalie F. C. Stringer, Joseph Stephenson, Pooyan Sahbaee, Puneet Sharma, Saikiran Rapaka, U. Joseph Schoepf, Andres F. Abadia, Jonathan Sperl, Phillip Hoelzer, Megan Mercer, Nayana Somayaji, Gilberto Aquino, Jeremy R. Burt
Summary: The study demonstrates that an AI prototype can rapidly and accurately identify significant risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease on low-dose chest CT scans, improving diagnostic ability and prognosis prediction. This has the potential to facilitate intervention, improve patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jing-Wei Gao, Jia-Jin Han, Zhuo-Chao Xiong, Qing-Yun Hao, Si You, Hai-Feng Zhang, Jing-Feng Wang, Shao-Ling Zhang, Pin-Ming Liu
Summary: This study found that a faster decline in lung function during young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery calcium progression in midlife. Participants with a higher rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) had a higher risk of coronary artery calcium progression. Maintaining optimal lung function during young adulthood may improve future cardiovascular health.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Alwiya Ahmed, Daniel S. Hippe, Madison Snidarich, Kristina Crothers, Matthew Triplette
Summary: This study aims to evaluate delays in follow-up in patients with positive lung cancer screening findings and to examine the impact of delay on lung cancer staging.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Randi M. Williams, Marisa Cordon, Ellie Eyestone, Laney Smith, George Luta, Brady J. McKee, Shawn M. Regis, David B. Abrams, Raymond S. Niaura, Cassandra A. Stanton, Vicky Parikh, Kathryn L. Taylor
Summary: This study found that lung cancer screening could serve as a teachable moment for smoking cessation, with individuals who were extremely worried about lung cancer being more motivated to quit smoking and more ready to quit within the next 30 days.
