Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Niklas Fabio Wohlwend, Kirsten Grossmann, Stefanie Aeschbacher, Ornella C. Weideli, Julia Telser, Martin Risch, David Conen, Lorenz Risch
Summary: The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a marker of chronic low-grade inflammation that can be used to predict cardiovascular risk. This study found that suPAR plasma levels were associated with cardiovascular risk factors, with differences between males and females.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Victor M. Schuettfort, Benjamin Pradere, David D'Andrea, Nico C. Grossmann, Fahad Quhal, Hadi Mostafaei, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Keiichiro Mori, Michael Rink, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Reza Sari Motlagh, Satoshi Katayama, Yair Lotan, Douglas Scherr, Mohammad Abufaraj, Harun Fajkovica, Eva Comperat, Dmitry Enikeev, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Summary: Elevated preoperative plasma levels of uPA, SuPAR, and PAI-one were confirmed to be associated with aggressive disease features and worse survival outcomes in patients treated with RC for UCB. These biomarkers have the potential to identify patients who may benefit from intensified/multimodal therapy and improve the discriminatory power of predictive/prognostic models.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nels C. Olson, Laura M. Raffield, Anne H. Moxley, Tyne W. Miller-Fleming, Paul L. Auer, Nora Franceschini, Debby Ngo, Timothy A. Thornton, Ethan M. Lange, Yun Li, Deborah A. Nickerson, Neil A. Zakai, Robert E. Gerszten, Nancy J. Cox, Adolfo Correa, Karen L. Mohlke, Alexander P. Reiner
Summary: The study found that suPAR levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Black adults, and certain genetic variants can influence suPAR levels. Genetic factors play an important role in determining suPAR levels.
CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Burcin Oezdirik, Martin Maibier, Maria Scherf, Jule Marie Nicklaus, Josephine Frohme, Tobias Puengel, Dirk Meyer zum Bueschenfelde, Frank Tacke, Tobias Mueller, Michael Sigal
Summary: suPAR is a biomarker that can be used for diagnosis and prediction of liver cirrhosis and acute cholangitis in patients with PSC, and it is not influenced by inflammatory bowel disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ulrich Jehn, Katharina Schuette-Nuetgen, Ute Henke, Hermann Pavenstaedt, Barbara Suwelack, Stefan Reuter
Summary: The prognostic relevance of suPAR in patients before and one year after kidney transplantation is demonstrated, with higher levels associated with more severe eGFR loss in the following years.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shengyuan Luo, Alexi Vasbinder, Jeanne M. Du-Fay-de-Lavallaz, Joanne Michelle D. Gomez, Tisha Suboc, Elizabeth Anderson, Annika Tekumulla, Husam Shadid, Hanna Berlin, Michael Pan, Tariq U. Azam, Ibrahim Khaleel, Kishan Padalia, Chelsea Meloche, Patrick O'Hayer, Tonimarie Catalan, Pennelope Blakely, Christopher Launius, Kingsley-Michael Amadi, Rodica Pop-Busui, Sven H. Loosen, Athanasios Chalkias, Frank Tacke, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Izzet Altintas, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Kim A. Williams, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Jochen Reiser, Salim S. Hayek
Summary: Higher levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were found to be independently associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, regardless of D-dimer levels. Combining suPAR and D-dimer can help identify patients at low risk of developing VTE.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jichao Guan, Shuwen Gong, Qiuli He, Xiaoling Wang, Shuijuan Shen, Xiujuan Wu, Juanping Shan, Tujian Gong, Yanru Yang, Haiying Xie
Summary: Investigated the relationship between serum suPAR and cardiovascular calcification (CVC) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and found that high levels of serum suPAR are associated with CVC, especially in elderly patients.
INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sheraz Butt, Jorgen L. Jeppesen, Line Vinderslev Iversen, Mogens Fenger, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Charlotte Andersson, Soren Jacobsen
Summary: Our study found a strong correlation between suPAR plasma levels and pulmonary involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis, particularly with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Future studies may validate whether suPAR estimation can be used for monitoring severe pulmonary involvement in SSc.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Florence Boissiere-Michot, Caroline Mollevi, Volker Baecker, Evelyne Crapez, William Jacot
Summary: Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) have been identified as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer, but their clinical use is limited due to the need for fresh-frozen or fresh tumor samples for quantification. This study compared the expression levels of PLAU and SERPINE1 mRNA (corresponding to uPA and PAI-1 proteins) using in situ hybridization with immunometric assay in breast tumor samples. The results showed that in situ hybridization cannot replace the immunometric assay for quantification of uPA and PAI-1 expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ria M. Holstein, Santeri Seppala, Johanna Kaartinen, Mari Hongisto, Harri Hyppola, Maaret Castren
Summary: Emergency department overcrowding is a global issue, and risk stratification for elderly patients is challenging. This study examines the predictive value of suPAR as a biomarker for elderly patients in the ED. Results show that suPAR levels are associated with 30-day mortality and hospital admission, making it a valuable risk predictor.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Veselina Stefanova, Michelle Ngai, Andrea M. Weckman, Julie K. Wright, Kathleen Zhong, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Chloe R. McDonald, Andrea L. Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert O. Opoka, Michael Hawkes, Kevin C. Kain
Summary: This study identified soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a prognostic marker of severe and fatal malaria in Ugandan children. Measuring suPAR at presentation can identify children at risk of severe and fatal malaria, and adding suPAR to clinical scores could improve the recognition and triage of children at risk of death.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anu Aronen, Janne Aittoniemi, Reetta Huttunen, Anssi Nikkola, Jussi Nikkola, Olli Limnell, Juhani Sand, Johanna Laukkarinen
Summary: In this study, researchers found that soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is elevated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Measuring plasma suPAR levels can help distinguish between malignant and non-malignant pancreatic lesions. Combining suPAR with plasma carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) tests can improve diagnostic accuracy.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ahmad S. Manshad, Fatima A. Ballout, Jeffrey A. Borgia, Jochen Reiser, Tochukwu M. Okwuosa
Summary: In lung cancer patients, plasma suPAR levels are associated with myocardial impairment and diastolic dysfunction, but not with left ventricular ejection fraction. Both suPAR and global longitudinal strain can predict all-cause mortality, but only global longitudinal strain remains significant after multivariate adjustment.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuel Yepes, Yena Woo, Cynthia Martin-Jimenez
Summary: The neurovascular unit is a complex structure involving various cells and components that are essential for maintaining normal neuronal function. Plasminogen activators play a crucial role in regulating the function of the neurovascular unit, with dysfunction leading to neurodegenerative disorders. Research on the expression and function of tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in the neurovascular unit has provided valuable insights into neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Koji Sugioka, Teruo Nishida, Aya Kodama-Takahashi, Junko Murakami, Fukutaro Mano, Kiyotaka Okada, Masahiko Fukuda, Shunji Kusaka
Summary: Corneal fibroblasts are regulated by collagen, and the targeting of Endo180 and uPA receptor may play a role in the regulation of alpha-SMA expression in a manner dependent on TGF-beta signaling. uPA deficiency may promote the interaction between collagen and Endo180 and increase alpha-SMA expression.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Shangzhi Xiong, Nicholas Peoples, Truls Ostbye, Michael Olsen, Xuefeng Zhong, Caroline Wainaina, Shujun Fan, David Wambui, Lijing L. Yan
Summary: This study examines the relationship between family support and medication adherence among people with hypertension in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The findings show that while most participants reported high family support, medication adherence was suboptimal. Many participants lacked health knowledge and education, which may have hindered the translation of family support into improved medication adherence. Further research is needed to address hypertension control in this uniquely disadvantaged population, particularly focusing on the potential mediating influence of health education on family support and medication adherence.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Dean S. Picone, Gregory M. Peterson, Shane L. Jackson, Norm R. C. Campbell, Christian Delles, Michael Hecht Olsen, Raj Padwal, Aletta E. Schutte, James E. Sharman
Summary: A recent study revealed that less than one-quarter of BP devices sold by Australian pharmacies were validated for accuracy. Most pharmacists were unaware of this and further education and advocacy are needed to ensure validated BP devices are sold in Australia.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hanna Ratcovich, Golnaz Sadjadieh, Jesper J. Linde, Francis R. Joshi, Henning Kelbaek, Klaus F. Kofoed, Lars Kober, Peter Riis Hansen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Hanne Elming, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, Dan Eik Hofsten, Thomas Engstrom, Lene Holmvang
Summary: This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of cCTA and the impact of early ICA on long-term clinical outcomes in elderly patients with NSTEACS. The study found that cCTA had a high accuracy in ruling out significant CAD in patients aged ≥75 years, but early ICA did not significantly improve long-term clinical outcomes.
Letter
Dermatology
Amanda Kvist-Hansen, Hannah Kaiser, Martin Krakauer, Peter M. M. Gortz, Xing Wang, Christine Becker, Claus Zachariae, Peter R. R. Hansen, Lone Skov
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Susanne Hansen, Merete Osler, Sanne Marie Thysen, Juri J. Rumessen, Allan Linneberg, Line Lund Karhus
Summary: This study found that patients with celiac disease may have an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. The study compared the development of neuropsychiatric diseases in patients with celiac disease and a control group during an 18-year follow-up period. The results showed that patients with celiac disease had a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders compared to the control group.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Viktor Rotbain Curovic, Nete Tofte, Morten Lindhardt, Katarina Adamova, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Joachim Beige, Joline W. J. Beulens, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Gemma Currie, Christian Delles, Ingo Dimos, Lidmila Francova, Marie Frimodt-Moller, Peter Girman, Ruediger Goeke, Tine W. Hansen, Tereza Havrdova, Adriaan Kooy, Gozewijnw D. Laverman, Harald Mischak, Gerjan Navis, Giel Nijpels, Marina Noutsou, Alberto Ortiz, Aneliya Parvanova, Frederik Persson, John R. Petrie, Piero L. Ruggenenti, Femke Rutters, Ivan Rychlik, Justyna Siwy, Goce Spasovski, Marijn Speeckaert, Matias Trillini, Petra Zuerbig, Heiko von der Leyen, Peter Rossing
Summary: This study examines the relationship between baseline diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the risk of developing microalbuminuria, kidney function decline, and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in type 2 diabetes patients. The results show that the presence of DR is associated with an increased risk of developing microalbuminuria and CVEs, but not kidney function decline.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jens Christian Laursen, Christian Stevns Hansen, Marco Bordino, Marie Frimodt-Moller, Tine Willum Hansen, Luciano Bernardi, Per-Henrik Groop, Peter Rossing
Summary: This study explored the association between baroreflex sensivity and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in type 1 diabetes and various degrees of microvascular disease. It was found that higher baroreflex sensitivity was associated with higher SpO2 in type 1 diabetes. Compared with non-diabetic controls, type 1 diabetes patients had lower baroreflex sensitivity and lower SpO2. Therefore, hypoxia could be a therapeutic target in type 1 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Signe Ulfbeck Schovsbo, Lise K. Gormsen, Sine Skovbjerg, Lene Falgaard Eplov, Allan Linneberg, Jose G. Cedeno-Laurent, Torben Jorgensen, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft
Summary: This study found that unemployment and low subjective social status were associated with an increased risk of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), while vocational training for 4 years or more was associated with a lower risk of MCS.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paul M. Haller, Alina Gossling, Christina Magnussen, Hermann Brenner, Ben Schoettker, Licia Iacoviello, Simona Costanzo, Frank Kee, Wolfgang Koenig, Allan Linneberg, Chaterina Sujana, Barbara Thorand, Veikko Salomaa, Teemu J. Niiranen, Stefan Soederberg, Henry Voelzke, Marcus Doerr, Susana Sans, Teresa Padro, Stephan B. Felix, Matthias Nauck, Astrid Petersmann, Luigi Palmieri, Chiara Donfrancesco, Roberto De Ponti, Giovanni Veronesi, Marco M. Ferrario, Kari Kuulasmaa, Tanja Zeller, Francisco M. Ojeda, Stefan Blankenberg, Dirk Westermann
Summary: This study demonstrates the role of cardiac biomarkers in predicting cardiovascular events and death in both general population and individuals with known diabetes. The findings suggest that these biomarkers can help identify individuals at highest risk for cardiovascular events and improve early identification of high-risk individuals. Therefore, they should be considered for routine risk assessment and can enhance the initiation of preventive therapies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Edina Hadziselimovic, Anders M. Greve, Ahmad Sajadieh, Michael H. Olsen, Y. Antero Kesaeniemi, Christoph A. Nienaber, Simon G. Ray, Anne B. Rossebo, Kristian Wachtell, Olav W. Nielsen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between hsTnT level and echocardiographic AS-severity, subsequent AVR, ICE, and mortality in asymptomatic patients with non-severe AS. The results showed that hsTnT level >14 pg/mL was associated with an increased risk of ICE.
Article
Allergy
Magnus Lindqvist, Katja Biering Leth-Moller, Allan Linneberg, Inger Kull, Anna Bergstrom, Antonios Georgellis, Magnus P. Borres, Agneta Ekebom, Marianne van Hage, Erik Melen, Marit Westman
Summary: Patients with pollen-induced allergic rhinitis face a high risk of persistent disease for at least 20 years, with childhood to adolescence being the most critical period for disease progression. The study findings underscore the close relationship between sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and asthma.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Joshua B. Feinberg, Emil E. Nielsen, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Richard B. Devereux, Eva Gerdts, Kristian Wachtell, Michael H. Olsen
Summary: This study found that among patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, females have a higher risk of stroke than males when they develop new-onset atrial fibrillation. However, there is no difference in risk between males and females with a history of atrial fibrillation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Marialaura Bonaccio, Simona Costanzo, Patrick McElduff, Allen Linneberg, Veikko Salomaa, Satu Mannisto, Jean Ferrieres, Jean Dallongeville, Barbara Thorand, Hermann Brenner, Marco Ferrario, Giovanni Veronesi, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Sameline Grimsgaard, Wojciech Drygas, Sofia Malyutina, Stefan Soederberg, Maria Nordendahl, Frank Kee, Guido Grassi, Salim Dabboura, Rossana Borchini, Dirk Westermann, Benedikt Schrage, Tanja Zeller, Kari Kuulasmaa, Stefan Blankenberg, Maria Benedetta Donati, Licia Iacoviello, Giovanni de Gaetano
Summary: This study investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and alcohol-related diseases, and examined whether the relationship between moderate drinking and all-cause mortality is influenced by educational level (EL). The findings showed that moderate drinking was associated with a lower mortality rate in individuals with higher EL, while heavy drinking was associated with a higher mortality rate in those with lower EL. Therefore, recommendations to reduce alcohol intake should particularly target individuals with a low level of education.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Asger Wretlind, Viktor Rotbain Curovic, Andressa de Zawadzki, Tommi Suvitaival, Jin Xu, Emilie Hein Zobel, Bernt Johan von Scholten, Rasmus Sejersten Ripa, Andreas Kjaer, Tine Willum Hansen, Tina Vilsboll, Henrik Vestergaard, Peter Rossing, Cristina Legido-Quigley
Summary: Treatment with liraglutide can reduce the levels of C16 ceramide and C24:1 ceramide, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yordi van de Vegte, Ruben P. Eppinga, M. Yldau van der Ende, Yanick Hagemeijer, Yuvaraj V. Mahendran, Elias Y. Salfati, Albert E. Smith, Vanessa Tan, Dan V. Arking, Ioanna Ntalla, Emil A. Appel, Claudia Schurmann, Jennifer Brody, Rico Rueedi, Ozren Polasek, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Cecile Lecoeur, Claes Ladenvall, Jing Hua Zhao, Aaron Isaacs, Lihua Wang, Jian'an Luan, Shih-Jen Hwang, Nina U. Mononen, Kirsi F. Auro, Anne Jackson, Lawrence Bielak, Linyao Zeng, Nabi Shah, Maria Nethander, Archie Campbell, Tuomo Rankinen, Sonali Pechlivanis, Lu Qi, Wei Zhao, Federica Rizzi, Toshiko Tanaka, Antonietta Robino, Massimiliano Cocca, Leslie Lange, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Carolina E. Roselli, Weihua Zhang, Marcus J. Kleber, Xiuqing Guo, Henry E. Lin, Francesca Pavani, Tessel Galesloot, Raymond E. Noordam, Yuri Milaneschi, Katharina Schraut, Marcel den Hoed, Frauke E. Degenhardt, Stella Trompet, Marten van den Berg, Giorgio Pistis, Yih-Chung S. Tham, Stefan L. Weiss, Xueling J. Sim, Hengtong M. Li, Peter van der Most, Ilja Nolte, Leo-Pekka R. Lyytikaeinen, M. Abdullah Said, Daniel Witte, Carlos M. Iribarren, Lenore S. Launer, Susan Ring, Paul de Vries, Peter P. Sever, Allan Linneberg, Erwin M. Bottinger, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Bruce Psaty, Nona Sotoodehnia, Ivana Kolcic, Delnaz D. Roshandel, Andrew O. Paterson, David F. Arnar, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Beverley T. Balkau, Claudia H. Silva, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Kjell Nikus, Perttu L. Salo, Karen A. Mohlke, Patricia Peyser, Heribert Schunkert, Mattias Lorentzon, Jari C. Lahti, Dabeeru C. Rao, Marilyn D. Cornelis, Jessica A. Faul, Jennifer Smith, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Stefania Bandinelli, Maria Pina Concas, Gianfranco Sinagra, Thomas Meitinger, Melanie F. Waldenberger, Moritz Sinner, Konstantin E. Strauch, Graciela D. Delgado, Kent Taylor, Jie Yao, Luisa Foco, Olle Melander, Jacqueline de Graaf, Renee de Mutsert, Eco J. C. de Geus, Asa K. Johansson, Peter K. Joshi, Lars Lind, Andre W. Franke, Peter V. Macfarlane, Kirill Tarasov, Nicholas B. Tan, Stephan Felix, E-Shyong Q. Tai, Debra Quek, Harold Snieder, Johan Ormel, Martin Ingelsson, Cecilia P. Lindgren, Andrew T. Morris, Olli Raitakari, Torben Hansen, Themistocles Assimes, Vilmundur J. Gudnason, Nicholas C. Timpson, Alanna B. Morrison, Patricia P. Munroe, David Strachan, Niels Grarup, Ruth J. F. R. Loos, Susan Heckbert, Peter Vollenweider, Caroline Hayward, Kari Stefansson, Philippe Froguel, Leif J. Groop, Nicholas M. Wareham, Cornelia F. van Duijn, Mary J. Feitosa, Christopher O'Donnell, Mika Kaehoenen, Markus Perola, Michael Boehnke, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Jeanette Erdmann, Colin N. A. Palmer, Claes J. Ohlsson, David G. Porteous, Johan Eriksson, Claude Bouchard, Susanne Moebus, Peter R. Kraft, David Weir, Daniele Cusi, Luigi Ferrucci, Sheila Ulivi, Giorgia Girotto, Adolfo Correa, Stefan Kaeaeb, Annette C. Peters, John S. Chambers, Jaspal Kooner, Winfried I. Maerz, Jerome A. Rotter, Andrew Hicks, J. Gustav Smith, Lambertus A. L. M. O. Kiemeney, Dennis Mook-Kanamori, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Ulf F. Gyllensten, James Wilson, Stephen Burgess, Johan Sundstroem, Wolfgang Lieb, J. Wouter Jukema, Mark Eijgelsheim, Edward L. M. Lakatta, Ching-Yu Cheng, Marcus Doerr, Tien-Yin Wong, Charumathi J. Sabanayagam, Albertine Oldehinkel, Harriette Riese, Terho Lehtimaeki, Niek Verweij, Pim van der Harst
Summary: This study identifies new genetic variants associated with resting heart rate (RHR) and demonstrates that higher genetically predicted RHR is associated with a decreased risk of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. Genome-wide analysis reveals multiple genetic variants in cardiomyocyte-related genes and provides insights into their electrocardiogram (ECG) signature. Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted RHR increases the risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)