Inadequate consultation behavior modulates the relationship between Type D personality and impaired health status in chronic heart failure

Background: Psychological risk factors for impaired health outcomes have been acknowledged in chronic heart failure (CHF), with Type D personality being such a risk factor. Inadequate consultation behavior, a specific aspect of self-management, might be one mechanism in explaining the adverse effect of Type D on health outcomes. In this study we examined the relationship between Type D personality, impaired disease-specific health status, and inadequate consultation behavior. Methods and results: CHF outpatients (n=313) completed the Type D Scale (DS14) at baseline, and the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) at 6-month follow-up. Type D personality independently predicted inadequate consultation behavior (OR=1.80, 95% CI [1.03-3.16], p=.04) and impaired health status (OR=3.61, 95% CI [1.93-6.74], p<.001) at 6-month follow-up, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Inadequate consultation behavior (OR=1.80, 95% CI [1.11-2.94], p=.02) and NYHA-class (OR=2.83,95% CI [1.17-4.71], p<.001) were associated with impaired health status, after controlling for demographics, clinical variables, and Type D personality. Post-hoc multivariable analysis pointed out that Type D patients who displayed inadequate consultation behavior were at a 6-fold increased risk of reporting impaired health status, compared to the reference group of non-Type D patients who displayed adequate consultation behavior (OR=6.06, 95% CI [2.53-14.52], p<.001). Conclusions: These findings provide evidence for inadequate behavior as a mechanism that may explain the link between Type D personality and impaired health status. Future studies are warranted to elaborate on these findings. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.