Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 137, Issue 1, Pages 37-49Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29368
Keywords
thyroid hormone receptor; tumor suppressor; negatively regulation; UHRF1; hepatocellular carcinoma
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Funding
- Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan [CMRPD1A0331, CMRPD1A0332, CMRPD1A0333]
- Ministry of Science and Technology the Republic of China [MOST 100-2320-B-182-029-MY3, MOST 102-2627-B-010-001]
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The thyroid hormone, 3,3,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T-3), mediates several physiological processes, including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, metabolism and regulation of cell proliferation. Thyroid hormone (T-3) and its receptor (TR) are involved in metabolism and growth. In addition to their developmental and metabolic functions, TRs play a tumor suppressor role, and therefore, their aberrant expression can lead to tumor transformation. Aberrant epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes promotes cancer progression. The epigenetic regulator, Ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1), is overexpressed in various cancers. In our study, we demonstrated that T-3 negatively regulates UHRF1 expression, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results further indicate that UHRF1 regulation by T-3 is indirect and mediated by Sp1. Sp1-binding elements of UHRF1 were identified at positions -664/-505 of the promoter region using the luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Notably, UHRF1 and Sp1 levels were elevated in subgroups of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and inversely correlated with TR1 expression. Knockdown of UHRF1 expression should therefore provide a means to inhibit hepatoma cell proliferation. Expression of UHRF1 was downregulated by TRs, in turn, relieving silencing of the UHRF1 target gene, p21. Based on the collective findings, we propose that T-3/TR signaling induces hepatoma cell growth inhibition via UHRF1 repression.
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