Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 135, Issue 12, Pages 2825-2833Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28932
Keywords
lambda-myc mouse; CTL response; adaptive antitumor immunity; DC maturation; interferon-lambda
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Funding
- Deutsche Krebshilfe [109036, 109037]
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It is well established that an interplay between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) gives rise to their reciprocal activation and provides a Th1-biased cytokine milieu that fosters antitumor T-cell responses. Ex vivo-differentiated DCs transferred into mice strongly stimulate endogenous NK cells to produce interferon (IFN)-gamma and initiate a cascade that eventually leads to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. We show that the ability of exogenous DCs to trigger this pathway obviates CD40 signaling and CD4(+) T-cell help and depends on a preceding maturation step. Importantly, this mechanism was also effective in endogenously arising tumors where IFN-gamma production is compromised in contrast to transplantable tumors. In c-myc-trans-genic mice developing spontaneous lymphomas, injection of unpulsed DCs caused NK-cell activation and induced CD8(+) T cells capable of recognizing the lymphoma cells. Animals treated with unpulsed DCs showed a survival benefit compared to untreated myc mice. Hence, tumor immunity induced by DC-based vaccines not only depends on specific antigens loaded on the DCs. Rather, DC vaccines generate broader immune responses, because endogenous DCs presenting tumor antigens may also become stimulated by NK cells that were activated by exogenous DCs. Thus, the DC/NK-cell/cytotoxic T lymphocyte axis may commonly have relevance for DC-based vaccination protocols in clinical settings.
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