Article
Reproductive Biology
Xueye Tian, Dan Liu, Xiaohang Zuo, Xiaoli Sun, Mengmin Wu, Xu Li, Yue Teng
Summary: This study demonstrated that elevated levels of HK2 in human ovarian cancer cells induce EMT-related proteins and reduce cell cycle inhibitors, thereby enhancing cell motility and growth. The activation of Akt1 by HK2 was found to be responsible for these effects. Additionally, a positive correlation between HK2 and Akt1, fibronectin, and MMP9 expression in ovarian cancer samples was observed. The findings suggest that HK2 plays a crucial role in the malignant process of ovarian cancer by interacting with Akt1.
JOURNAL OF OVARIAN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Alex Chehrazi-Raffle, Hanna Tukachinsky, Eamon Toye, Smruthy Sivakumar, Alexa B. Schrock, Hannah E. Bergom, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Sumanta Pal, Tanya Dorff, Neeraj Agarwal, Brandon A. Mahal, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Justin Hwang, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
Summary: In this study, the nature of BRAF alterations in prostate cancer was characterized using comprehensive genomic profiling of tissue and liquid biopsies. The results showed that activating BRAF alterations were detected in approximately 3% of prostate cancers, with the majority being class II mutations and rearrangements. These BRAF-altered prostate cancers were enriched for CDK12 mutations but depleted in TMPRSS2 fusions, PTEN alterations, and APC alterations. Furthermore, BRAF alterations were more common in tumors from patients of African and Asian ancestry compared to patients of European ancestry.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Klaudia Stempa, Dominika Wokolorczyk, Wojciech Kluzniak, Emilia Rogoza-Janiszewska, Karolina Malinska, Helena Rudnicka, Tomasz Huzarski, Jacek Gronwald, Katarzyna Gliniewicz, Tadeusz Debniak, Anna Jakubowska, Marcin Lener, Joanna Tomiczek-Szwiec, Pawel Domagala, Malwina Suszynska, Piotr Kozlowski, Tomasz Kluz, Mariusz Naczk, Jan Lubinski, Steven A. Narod, Mohammad R. Akbari, Cezary Cybulski
Summary: The study found that mutations in the BARD1 gene do not increase the risk of prostate cancer or influence its characteristics or survival. However, BARD1 is a breast cancer predisposition gene, and female relatives of men with BARD1 mutations may benefit from this information.
Article
Oncology
Gang Chen, Guojin Jia, Fan Chao, Feng Xie, Yue Zhang, Chuansheng Hou, Yong Huang, Haoran Tang, Jianjun Yu, Jihong Zhang, Shidong Jia, Guoxiong Xu
Summary: This study evaluated circulating tumor DNA as biomarkers for prostate cancer and found that ctDNA in blood and urine can be used for PCa detection, and the combination of these markers may increase the sensitivity and specificity of detection.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Amy Finch, Roderick Clark, Danny Vesprini, Justin Lorentz, Raymond H. Kim, Emily Thain, Neil Fleshner, Mohammad R. Akbari, Cezary Cybulski, Steven A. Narod
Summary: Most criteria for genetic testing for prostate cancer susceptibility require a prior diagnosis of prostate cancer, but advances in the field may improve outcomes and offer screening and prevention for high-risk individuals. Understanding the value of genetic testing and the impact of germline pathogenic variants on treatment for different stages of prostate cancer is important.
NPJ PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sobia Wasim, Sang-Yoon Lee, Jaehong Kim
Summary: Prostate cancer is a disease with a long history and unpredictable clinical progress in individual patients. Recent years have witnessed revolutionary advancements in both patient care and research of prostate cancer. The power of deep sequencing has allowed for the discovery of previously unknown cistromic and transcriptomic knowledge of prostate cancer. Furthermore, our understanding of prostate cancer biology has greatly improved through bedside and molecular imaging techniques. It is crucial to enhance our current theragnostic schemes, including diagnostic modalities, therapeutic responses, and drugs targeting non-AR signaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yongming Fu, Tuoyu Cao, Xiaorui Zou, Yubing Ye, Youhong Liu, Yuchong Peng, Tanggang Deng, Linglong Yin, Xiong Li
Summary: The activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and epigenetic aberrations are important characteristics of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, the regulatory mechanism of AKT1 on UHRF1 was investigated, and the anticancer efficacy of the AKT phosphorylation inhibitor MK2206 in combination with abiraterone was validated both in vitro and in vivo. The findings demonstrated that AKT1 directly phosphorylates UHRF1, leading to its degradation and affecting its interactions with USP7 and BTRC. MK2206 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of abiraterone-refractory prostate cancer cells and xenografts to abiraterone by decreasing UHRF1 protein level and inducing cellular senescence and apoptosis. This study provides a new molecular mechanism of abiraterone resistance and a potential therapeutic approach for PCa patients by targeting the PI3K/AKT1 pathway.
Article
Cell Biology
Bing Su, Lijuan Zhang, Wenfang Zhuang, Wei Zhang, Xiaofan Chen
Summary: This study created prostate cancer cells with double knockout of Akt1 and Akt2 genes to investigate their role in metastasis, finding that their knockout significantly reduced metastasis by interfering with AR nuclear translocation through regulating FOXO proteins. These findings suggest that downstream regulatory factors in the AKT and AR interaction network play a crucial role in prostate cancer metastasis and could be potential targets for treatment.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lee Armstrong, Colin E. Willoughby, Declan J. Mckenna
Summary: This study investigated the association between miR-143-3p and EMT in prostate cancer. The findings showed that miR-143-3p expression was significantly decreased in prostate cancer cells and it was associated with the EMT-associated gene AKT1. Further analysis suggested that miR-143-3p may serve as a predictor of disease recurrence in prostate cancer, making it a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Article
Oncology
Youmna Kfoury, Ninib Baryawno, Nicolas Severe, Shenglin Mei, Karin Gustafsson, Taghreed Hirz, Thomas Brouse, Elizabeth W. Scadden, Anna A. Igolkina, Konstantinos Kokkaliaris, Bryan D. Choi, Nikolas Barkas, Mark A. Randolph, John H. Shin, Philip J. Saylor, David T. Scadden, David B. Sykes, Peter Kharchenko
Summary: Bone metastases are devastating complications of cancer, particularly common in prostate cancer and refractory to immunotherapy. Analysis of single cells reveals multifaceted immune distortion in metastatic prostate cancer, with overexpression of CCL20 by myeloid cells and appearance of unique macrophages specific to PCa bone metastases. Disruption of the CCL20-CCR6 axis restores T cell reactivity and prolongs animal survival in mice with syngeneic PCa bone metastases, suggesting a targeted approach for relieving local immunosuppression.
Article
Immunology
Bryan M. Rogers, Laura Smith, Zoltan Dezso, Xu Shi, Enrico DiGiammarino, Denny Nguyen, Sunantha Sethuraman, Pingping Zheng, Donghee Choi, Dong Zhang, Andrew Nguyen, Kathleen McGuire, Wei Liu, Namjin Chung, Debra T. Chao, Shiming Ye, Gabriel R. Starbeck-Miller
Summary: VISTA is considered an inhibitory protein that limits immune responses, but the effects of its agonism on immune cell biology are not yet clear. This study identified two novel VISTA antibodies that elicit transcriptional and functional changes in monocytes by agonizing VISTA. The research sheds light on previously unknown aspects of VISTA biology in myeloid cells and lays the foundation for future studies.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Shiyu Wang, Fan Chao, Cong Zhang, Dunsheng Han, Guoxiong Xu, Gang Chen
Summary: The study found that circPFKP was significantly increased in prostate cancer tissues compared to noncancerous tissues, and was correlated with PCa risk classification, N stage, and prognostic group. CircPFKP promotes PCa cell proliferation by interacting with IMPDH2, and its production may be facilitated by hnRNPF binding.
Review
Oncology
Anna Amela Valsecchi, Rossana Dionisio, Olimpia Panepinto, Jessica Paparo, Andrea Palicelli, Francesca Vignani, Massimo Di Maio
Summary: Our systematic review and meta-analysis examined the frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in prostate cancer patients, and found that somatic mutations are more common than germline mutations, and BRCA2 mutations are more common than BRCA1 mutations. The frequency of mutations is higher in the metastatic setting. Despite the standard practice of BRCA testing in prostate cancer, there are still some unanswered questions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuanlai Yang, Yuegang Ge, Yachen Zang, Ming Xu, Lu Jin, Yang Wang, Xinyu Xu, Boxin Xue, Zhiwei Wang, Lixia Wang
Summary: Currently, radiotherapy is a popular treatment for prostate cancer patients, but radioresistance is still a challenge. CDC20 has been shown to play a crucial role in various tumors, including prostate cancer. Higher expression of CDC20 was observed in prostate cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of CDC20 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, tumor formation, induced cell apoptosis, and increased radiosensitivity in prostate cancer both in vitro and in vivo. CDC20 was found to regulate the Twist1 pathway, influencing cell proliferation and migration. Targeting CDC20 and Twist1 may be an effective approach to improve the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Poornachandra Yedla, Ahmed O. Babalghith, Vindhya Vasini Andra, Riyaz Syed
Summary: Cancer treatments with targeted therapy, specifically Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), have gained significant attention for their unique mechanism of action and ability to target undruggable proteins. This review focuses on PROTACs in prostate cancer, highlighting their superiority over conventional inhibitors, and discussing the challenges and future prospects in this field. It also explores the underlying pathophysiology of prostate cancer and provides insights into the structural design and linker strategies for PROTAC molecules.
