Hyperspectral determination of feed quality constituents in temperate pastures: Effect of processing methods on predictive relationships from partial least squares regression

Development of predictive relationships between hyperspectral reflectance and the chemical constituents of grassland vegetation could support routine remote sensing assessment of feed quality in standing pastures. In this study, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and spectral transforms are used to derive predictive models for estimation of crude protein and digestibility (quality), and lignin and cellulose (non-digestible fractions) from field-based spectral libraries and chemical assays acquired from diverse pasture sites in Victoria, Australia between 2000 and 2002. The best predictive models for feed quality were obtained with continuum removal with spectral bands normalised to the depth of absorption features for digestibility (adjusted R-2=0.82, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 3.94), and continuum removal with spectral bands normalised to the area of the absorption features for crude protein (adjusted R-2 = 0.62, RMSEP = 3.18) and cellulose (adjusted R-2 = 0.73, RMSEP = 2.37). The results for lignin were poorer with the best performing model based on the first derivative of log transformed reflectance (adjusted R-2 = 0.44, RMSEP = 1.87). The best models were dominated by first derivative transforms, and by limiting the models to significant variables with jack-knifing. X-loading results identified wavelengths near or outside major absorption features as important predictors. This study showed that digestibility, as a broad measure of feed quality, could be effectively predicted from PLSR derived models of spectral reflectance derived from field spectroscopy. The models for cellulose and crude protein showed potential for qualitative assessment: however the results for lignin were poor. Implementation of spectral prediction models such as these, with hyperspectral sensors having a high signal to noise ratio, could deliver feed quality information to complement spatial biomass and growth data, and improve feed management for extensive grazing systems. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.