Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Masahide Fukudo, Gaku Tamaki, Makoto Azumi, Hiroaki Shibata, Susumu Tandai
Summary: The results of the study suggest that using pharmacokinetic-guided dosing with TDM for pazopanib therapy can significantly improve treatment outcomes, reduce toxicity, and improve overall survival for patients. Larger, randomized studies are warranted to further confirm these findings.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Manjunath P. Pai, Pier Giorgio Cojutti, Valentina Gerussi, Paola Della Siega, Carlo Tascini, Federico Pea
Summary: Linezolid-induced myelosuppression is likely to occur in cardiosurgical patients due to reduced kidney function and potential drug interactions. Population modeling and simulation demonstrate that lower doses coupled with therapeutic drug monitoring are necessary in this vulnerable population. Thus, reducing the empiric linezolid doses in cardiosurgical patients may help avoid toxicities, and further studies are needed to verify potential drug interactions.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wenqiang Zhou, Wenjuan Nie, Qingfeng Wang, Wenhui Shi, Yang Yang, Qi Li, Hui Zhu, Zhongquan Liu, Yangming Ding, Yu Lu, Naihui Chu
Summary: This study aimed to find the optimal dosing regimen of linezolid in different populations. The results revealed that factors such as body weight and creatinine clearance significantly influenced the pharmacokinetics of linezolid. The study determined the optimal dosage regimens for patients with different body weights and MIC values, and found that single dosing was safer than multiple dosing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Operations Research & Management Science
Freya Bachmann, Gilbert Koch, Marc Pfister, Gabor Szinnai, Johannes Schropp
Summary: OptiDose is an algorithm developed for calculating the optimal individualized dosing regimen for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models by solving an optimal control problem. It aims to bring the underlying system as closely as possible to a desired reference function by minimizing a cost functional, with controls being the administered doses and the reference function being the disease progression.
JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Cameron S. Bader, Lei Jin, Robert B. Levy
Summary: STING, an innate immune sensor, plays a crucial role in regulating GVHD after allo-HSCT and may also be involved in auto-HSCT and SOT. It has unique regulatory functions in various cell types.
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexandra S. Hudson, Hien Q. Huynh
Summary: This article is related to the paper by Atia et al. To view this article, visit the link.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Carly E. Milliren, Bill Lindsay, Lisa Biernat, Todd A. Smith, Betsy Weaver
Summary: This study designed a digital engagement tool to improve surgical cancellation and post-surgical outcomes by providing patient education materials to patients undergoing total joint replacements. The results showed that utilizing this tool can improve hospital efficiency and patient outcomes, especially for highly engaged patients.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yarmarly C. Guerra Valero, Tavey Dorofaeff, Mark G. Coulthard, Louise Sparkes, Jeffrey Lipman, Steven C. Wallis, Jason A. Roberts, Suzanne L. Parker
Summary: This study describes the population pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in critically ill paediatric patients and provides dosing recommendations. The study also evaluates the use of capillary microsampling for data-rich pharmacokinetic studies.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sanjana Ghosh, Jonathan F. Lovell
Summary: Chemophototherapy using long circulating doxorubicin in porphyrin-phospholipid liposomes has shown enhanced drug accumulation in human pancreatic tumor xenografts, leading to potent tumor ablation with two discrete laser treatments. These findings provide proof-of-principle and rationale for utilizing multiple laser treatments to improve the efficacy of chemophototherapy.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Chidentree Treesatayapun, Aldo Jonathan Munoz-Vazquez
Summary: In this paper, a reinforcement learning-based optimal control strategy is developed for the drug administration in chemotherapy cancer treatment. The controller is designed based on a class of unknown discrete-time systems, utilizing only drug administration as input and tumor cells population as output, without the full-state observer. The proposed controller employs an actor-critic architecture with two fuzzy-rule emulated networks, where IF-THEN rules are imposed based on human knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A discontinuous reward function is also proposed to derive online learning laws guaranteeing robustness and convergence of adjustable parameters. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the robustness of the patient group and the closed-loop performance with comparative results.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex S. Keuroghlian, Peter H. Marcus, Jonathan Neufeld, Emily Phillips, Chris Grasso, Janet R. Wozniak
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the use of telepsychiatry, resulting in greater accessibility and a potential for improved care. However, barriers to wider adoption still remain.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jessica M. Barry, Jacqueline A. French, Page B. Pennell, Ashwin Karanam, Cynthia L. Harden, Angela K. Birnbaum
Summary: This study aims to investigate the complexity of maintaining seizure control with lamotrigine during pregnancy and evaluate the potential risks of different dosing scenarios. The results suggest that some dosing regimens may increase seizure risk or toxicity. Early clearance changes during pregnancy may require therapeutic drug monitoring to determine whether the patient belongs to the low clearance change group or the high clearance change group.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shuhua Luo, Christoph Haller, Chun-po Steve Fan, Kasey Moss, Cedric Manlhiot, Wenli Xie, Ali Moinshaghaghi, Maruti Haranal, Steven Schwartz, Christopher Caldarone, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Osami Honjo
Summary: The study aimed to identify modifiable factors to improve survival of neonatal biventricular repair by analyzing the cause of death and predictors of mortality. The results showed significant improvement in survival over the last 20 years, with prevention of sudden death and minimizing residual lesions as potential targets for improving outcomes.
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Katharina Dunst, Rene Grueneberger, Hans-Christer Holmberg
Summary: This study examined the impact of fatigue on optimal cadence in track cycling sprint events. The results showed that PRopt during a 60-second maximal sprint can be accurately estimated using a mono-exponential equation. In an isokinetic mode, identifying a mean PRopt can lead to the highest mean power output.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dongyang Wei, Kyle Frankel Davis
Summary: Diets have a significant impact on both human and environmental health, and it is important to find sustainable dietary solutions that are in line with cultural preferences. Increasing the share of whole grains can improve nutrient supply and reduce environmental burden, while maximizing the share of C4 cereals can substantially decrease greenhouse gas emissions and water demand, especially in Africa and the Middle East.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Kiran Shekel, Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz, Vesa Cheng, Fay Burrows, Hergen Buscher, Young-Jae Cho, Amanda Corley, Arne Diehl, Eileen Gilder, Stephan M. Jakob, Hyung-Sook Kim, Bianca J. Levkovich, Sung Yoon Lim, Shay McGuinness, Rachael Parke, Vincent Pellegrino, Yok-Ai Que, Claire Reynolds, Sam Rudham, Steven C. Wallis, Susan A. Welch, David Zacharias, John F. Fraser, Jason A. Roberts
Summary: This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials in critically ill patients receiving ECMO and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of current dosing regimens. The study found that there were large variations in antimicrobial concentrations in ECMO patients, leading to poor target attainment rates. Understanding these issues is crucial for the development of appropriate dosing regimens.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amy Legg, Niamh Meagher, Sandra A. Johnson, Matthew A. Roberts, Alan Cass, Marc H. Scheetz, Jane Davies, Jason A. Roberts, Joshua S. Davis, Steven Y. C. Tong
Summary: The clinical risk factors for nephrotoxicity in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia are still unclear. In a clinical trial comparing standard therapy to combination therapy, it was found that the combination therapy group had a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury.
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Arutha Kulasinghe, Ning Liu, Chin Wee Tan, James Monkman, Jane E. Sinclair, Dharmesh D. Bhuva, David Godbolt, Liuliu Pan, Andy Nam, Habib Sadeghirad, Kei Sato, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Ken O'Byrne, Camila Hartmann, Anna Flavia Ribeiro Dos Santos Miggiolaro, Gustavo Lenci Marques, Lidia Zytynski Moura, Derek Richard, Mark Adams, Lucia de Noronha, Cristina Pellegrino Baena, Jacky Y. Suen, Rakesh Arora, Gabrielle T. Belz, Kirsty R. Short, Melissa J. Davis, Fernando Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes, John F. Fraser
Summary: The study reveals distinct transcriptomic profiles in cardiac tissues of SARS-CoV-2 and pH1N1 influenza infection, with upregulation of genes associated with DNA damage and repair, heat shock, and macrophage infiltration in COVID-19 patients' cardiac tissues. In comparison, pH1N1 infection showed upregulation of interferon and complement pathways. This highlights the need for further understanding of the effects on extra-pulmonary organs, including the cardiovascular system, in COVID-19 patients.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Lucy Sharrock, Melissa J. Ankravs, Adam M. Deane, Thomas Rechnitzer, Steven C. Wallis, Jason A. Roberts, Rinaldo Bellomo
Summary: This study measured the clearance of piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin in patients receiving CVVHDF with regional citrate anticoagulation, and found that both drugs have high clearance, providing key information for optimal dosing.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2023)
Review
Virology
Chuan Kok Lim, Jason Roberts, Michael Moso, Kwee Chin Liew, Mona L. Taouk, Eloise Williams, Thomas Tran, Eike Steinig, Leon Caly, Deborah Ann Williamson
Summary: This review discusses the changes in the epidemiology of monkeypox and the advancements in the understanding of its virology and viral dynamics relevant to diagnostics. It outlines the traditional and emerging laboratory technologies useful for monkeypox virus detection and in guiding elimination strategies. Importantly, the development in MPXV genomics has rapidly advanced our understanding of viral evolution and adaptation in the current outbreak.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paul Williams, Menino Osbert Cotta, Mohd H. H. Abdul-Aziz, Kathryn Wilks, Andras Farkas, Jason A. A. Roberts
Summary: This study aimed to compare the achievement of therapeutic PK-PD exposure targets for beta-lactam antibiotics using product information dosing or guideline-based dosing for serious infections. In silico simulations were performed, and the results showed that guideline-based dosing had significantly higher probability of target attainment at 48 and 96 hours compared to product information dosing. The study also found that eGFR was significantly associated with the %PTA by guideline-based dosing.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Carla E. Scuderi, Suzanne L. Parker, Margaret Jacks, George T. John, Brett McWhinney, Jacobus Ungerer, Andrew J. Mallett, Helen G. Healy, Jason A. Roberts, Christine E. Staatz
Summary: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of using volumetric absorptive microsamplers (VAMS) to measure tacrolimus and creatinine in kidney transplant recipients. The results showed that VAMS can reliably measure tacrolimus and creatinine, providing a less invasive and more frequent sampling method for patients.
Article
Microbiology
Pier Giorgio Cojutti, Aaron J. Heffernan, Thomas Tangden, Paola Della Siega, Carlo Tascini, Jason A. Roberts, Federico Pea
Summary: This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model of valganciclovir for preemptive therapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant patients. Ganciclovir concentrations and CMV viral loads were retrospectively obtained from kidney transplant patients. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to assess the probability of attaining viral load targets, and a PK/PD model was devised.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Silver Heinsar, Nicole Bartnikowski, Gunter Hartel, Samia M. Farah, E-Peng Seah, Eric Wu, Sebastiano Maria Colombo, Clayton Semenzin, Andrew Haymet, Indrek Ratsep, Jo Pauls, John F. Fraser, Jacky Y. Suen
Summary: This study comprehensively assessed different parameters of pulsatile-flow veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) and their contribution to hemodynamic energy production and transfer. The results showed that increasing flow rates and pulsatile amplitudes were associated with higher hemodynamic energy production, while adjusting systole-to-diastole ratio or pulsing frequency had no significant effect. Arterial cannula was found to be the main source of resistance to hemodynamic energy transfer. Increased flow rate and amplitude were the key factors for hemodynamic energy production, while other factors were relevant when combined.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Fung Ming Lau, Wai Kit Chan, Yuen Tin Mok, Peter Chi Keung Lai, Sin Kwan Tammy Ma, Chun Wai Ngai, Wai Ching Sin, Wai Ling Phyllis Kwok, Kin Yip Yu, Wai Ming Chan, John F. Fraser, Pauline Yeung Ng
Summary: PCRTO is a weaning technique that involves decremental pump revolutions to achieve retrograde flow, and its application in adults has not been widely reported.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Dhayananth Kanagarajan, Silver Heinsar, Lucia Gandini, Jacky Y. Suen, Van Thanh Dau, Jo Pauls, John F. Fraser
Summary: Refractory cardiogenic shock is currently treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) without conclusive evidence of improved clinical outcomes. Pulsatile V-A ECMO has been developed as a potential solution to the limitations of continuous-flow devices. A systematic review of preclinical studies on pulsatile V-A ECMO revealed that most studies focused on hemodynamic energy production, while the clinical effects such as heart and brain function, end-organ microcirculation, and inflammation reduction are still inconclusive.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Maria Patricia Hernandez-Mitre, Hayoung Won, Steven C. Wallis, Suzanne L. Parker, Jason A. Roberts
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of nafamostat in infusion solutions, during blood sample collection, and in extracted plasma samples in the autosampler. Nafamostat was found to be stable in infusion solutions and in whole blood collected in sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate tubes at 4 degrees C for up to 3 hours before centrifugation. However, nafamostat degraded at a rate of 4.7 +/- 0.7% per hour in extracted plasma samples in the autosampler. In conclusion, viable samples can be obtained using appropriate collection tubes and prompt processing.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Eko Setiawan, Menino Osbert Cotta, Jason A. Roberts, Mohd Hafiz Abdul-Aziz
Summary: While inter-ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetic variabilities of antimicrobials have been studied among healthy subjects, further investigation is needed to understand the differences in antimicrobial pharmacokinetics between Asian and non-Asian patients with severe pathologic conditions. A systematic review was conducted to explore the potential variations in antimicrobial pharmacokinetics between Asian and non-Asian populations, with the inclusion of thirty studies on different antimicrobial agents. Inconsistent differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between Asian and non-Asian patients, suggesting that ethnicity may not be a significant predictor in characterizing these differences, and dosing regimens should be adjusted based on demographic or clinical characteristics.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Amy Legg, Sinead Carmichael, Ming G. Chai, Jason A. Roberts, Menino O. Cotta
Summary: Beta-lactam antibiotics are commonly used in critically ill patients to treat infections, but the optimal exposure targets for these drugs are still debated. Overcoming pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic challenges in the intensive care unit is necessary to achieve desired exposures. Therapeutic drug monitoring has shown promise for determining if the desired exposures are reached, but more research is needed to determine its impact on infection-related outcomes. Improving the efficiency of sampling and reporting results in at-risk patients is important for an ideal beta-lactam TDM service.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jason A. Roberts, David P. Nicolau, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, C. Andrew Deryke, Maria C. Losada, Jiejun Du, Munjal Patel, Matthew L. Rizk, Amanda Paschke, Luke F. Chen
Summary: The study aimed to assess the relationship between renal function and the efficacy/safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam for the treatment of HABP/VABP. The results showed that the efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam was comparable to piperacillin/tazobactam for participants with various baseline renal functions. However, for participants with normal renal function or CLCR >= 250ml/min, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam had a higher clinical response rate.
JAC-ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2023)
