Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mengyan Cao, Zepeng Liu, Xiao Zhang, Lu Yang, Shiwei Xu, Suting Weng, Simeng Zhang, Xiaoyun Li, Yejing Li, Tongchao Liu, Yurui Gao, Xuefeng Wang, Zhaoxiang Wang, Liquan Chen
Summary: This paper studies new methods to improve the energy density and prolong the lifetime of LiFePO4 by prelithiation and the use of sacrificial Li-rich additives. The feasibility of prelithiation is demonstrated through electrochemical evaluations, and the position of pre-intercalated Li-ions is determined through physical characterizations and DFT calculations.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Takahiko Yamamoto, Tomohiro Ando, Yusuke Kawabe, Takeshi Fukuma, Hiroshi Enomoto, Yoshiaki Nishijima, Yoshihiko Matsui, Kiyoshi Kanamura, Yasufumi Takahashi
Summary: The research focuses on the impact of depth of discharge (DOD) on the charge/discharge performance of lithium-ion secondary batteries, using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) to detect the charge transfer resistance at the solid-liquid interface.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sara Perez-Rodriguez, Samuel D. S. Fitch, Philip N. Bartlett, Nuria Garcia-Araez
Summary: Through cycling experiments of lithium battery materials in different brine environments, this study found that diluting high-viscosity brine with water can significantly enhance the capacity and rate capability of the battery. In addition, electrochemical and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that high lithium selectivity was maintained during cycling, while Raman spectra and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that capacity degradation may be caused by particle cracking due to interfacial reactions.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guohui Zhu, Dawei Yu, Elvira Foka Meugang, Hao Li, Hongxian Huan, Xueyi Guo, Qinghua Tian
Summary: This study uses an innovative powder-electrolysis method to selectively extract lithium from a mixed powder, and investigates the effects of cell voltage, electrolyte flow rate, and electrolysis time. The results show that under optimized conditions, lithium can be efficiently extracted and high-purity product can be obtained through solution heating.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Biaobing Chen, Min Liu, Shuang Cao, Gairong Chen, Xiaowei Guo, Xianyou Wang
Summary: This paper presents a new method for recovering FePO4 and Li2CO3 from spent LiFePO4 cathode materials to address the shortage of lithium resources. It was found that a sample with 12% carbon content in the LiFePO4 composite demonstrated better electrochemical performance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cai Qi, Shuhan Wang, Xukun Zhu, Tong Zhang, Yanju Gou, Zexin Xie, Yachao Jin, Yao Wang, Li Song, Mingdao Zhang
Summary: A green and low-cost recycling process for spent LiFePO4 cathode materials has been developed in this study. The regenerated LFP exhibits a good discharge specific capacity and the cost of the recycling process is relatively low, showing promising economic returns.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zachary Ruff, Chloe S. Coates, Katharina Marker, Amoghavarsha Mahadevegowda, Chao Xu, Megan E. Penrod, Caterina Ducati, Clare P. Grey
Summary: Nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes like NMC811 have high practical capacities, approaching 200 mAh/g. Delithiation of NMC811 results in a solid-solution behavior, maintaining the same layered structure. However, further delithiation is kinetically challenging and there are side reactions between the electrolyte and cathode surface.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tianyu Zhao, Rajashekhar Marthi, Harshit Mahandra, Sujin Chae, Michael Traversy, Farzaneh Sadri, Yeonuk Choi, Ahmad Ghahreman
Summary: In this study, a method for directly selectively leaching lithium from industrial-grade waste lithium-ion battery (LIB) black mass is proposed. The results showed that the leaching efficiency of lithium exceeded 97%, while other metals remained below 1%. The alkaline post-leaching solution can avoid the neutralizing stage before the precipitation of lithium salts. This highly efficient leaching strategy offers a broadly applicable approach to reclaiming critical energy minerals from wasted LIBs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dezhao Peng, Xiaowei Wang, Shubin Wang, Bao Zhang, Xinyu Lu, Wenyang Hu, Jingtian Zou, Pengfei Li, Yong Wen, Jiafeng Zhang
Summary: The recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for global environmental sustainability and the closed-loop utilization of resources. In this study, a consecutive resting-output current embedding-lithium process was proposed to recover retired LIBs. The method showed significant economic advantages and the regenerated cathode displayed excellent performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huixiang Zhou, Yun Zhang, Liqing Li, Zhanfang Cao
Summary: A systematic, green, and sustainable recycling process for waste LiFePO4 batteries is proposed using naturally degradable organic acids, which successfully extracts most of the lithium and achieves arsenic removal through the iron by-products. Meanwhile, phosphorus is recovered and the LiFePO4 cathode material is regenerated.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huixiang Zhou, Yun Zhang, Liqing Li, Zhanfang Cao
Summary: The harmless disposal and resourceful recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial for protecting the environment, conserving resources, and promoting circular economy. A green and sustainable recycling process for waste LiFePO4 batteries using malic acid has been developed, which reduces the negative impact on the environment. This process efficiently extracts lithium and separates iron, while also showing surprising arsenic removal properties using the iron by-products.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kun-Yu Ju, Dong-Fu Liu, Zhong-wei Zhao, Li-Hua He, Wen-hua Xu
Summary: The aluminum adsorption + membrane method is the mainstream technology for lithium extraction from salt lakes, but its low adsorption capacity results in massive freshwater consumption, limiting its large-scale promotion in arid and water-scarce regions. The electrochemical intercalation/deintercalation (EID) method is proposed as a new technology for efficient Li+ extraction with good separation from impurities. Through a combined EID-MgNH4PO4 precipitation technique, high Mg/Li brine can be processed to obtain an anolyte with low Mg/Li, followed by deep removal of Mg2+ through MgNH4PO4 precipitation, and finally, Li3PO4 preparation. The overall results demonstrate promising potential for developing lithium resources in arid and water-scarce salt lake regions.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yanzhuang Wang, Cong Cui, Renfei Cheng, Junchao Wang, Xiaohui Wang
Summary: Tannic acid can coat hydrothermally grown LiFePO4 nanocrystals by wet impregnation and drying, and the resulting carbon films obtained by mild pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere are homogeneous and compact. Introducing conductive carbon films can increase the electrical conductivity of the LiFePO4/C composite, but excessively thick carbon films hinder Li+ ion diffusion. Therefore, a balance between electrical conductivity and Li+ ion diffusion is needed to achieve the desired electrochemical properties.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Wan Yang, Xiaojian Liu, Xiangyang Zhou, Jingjing Tang, Fanyun Su, Zhenxiao Li, Juan Yang, Yayun Ma
Summary: In this study, NaOH is innovatively used as a leaching agent for the efficient selective lithium extraction of spent LiFePO4 cathodes, achieving high leaching efficiencies and obtaining Li3PO4 and Fe2O3 products.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lixiang Wu, Fu-Shen Zhang, Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Cong-Cong Zhang
Summary: This study provides a green, economical, and effective approach for selective recovery of lithium from spent LFP battery. Mechanism analysis indicated that electrons were transferred to ferric chloride from LFP cathode material, and the LFP was oxidized to iron phosphate during mechanochemical activation, but the olivine structure of the cathode material remained unchanged. In addition, the LiFe5O8 synthesized from spent LFP battery has good magnetic properties.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
T. L. Kulova, A. M. Skundin
Summary: The study has taken into account the impact of temperature on the capacity of individual electrodes and entire batteries using the theory of porous electrodes with doubly distributed parameters.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Tatiana Kulova, Dmitri Gryzlov, Alexander Skundin, Ilia Gavrilin, Yulia Kudryashova, Nicolai Pokryshkin
Summary: Germanium phosphide (GeP) is synthesized by evaporating and condensing red phosphorus on the surface of germanium nanowires pre-grown on a titanium substrate. The synthesized GeP is capable of reversibly inserting lithium and sodium, with lithium and sodium having effective diffusion coefficients in germanium phosphide that differ 2 orders of magnitude.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
T. L. Kulova, S. A. Li, E. V. Ryzhikova, A. M. Skundin
Summary: By analyzing the cyclic voltammograms, it was found that the capacity decrease in lithium-sulfur batteries during cycling is mainly caused by a decrease in the amount of active material at the low-voltage plateau, and a decrease in the reduction depth at the high-voltage plateau. Additionally, the transfer of dissolved sulfur also plays a significant role in battery degradation.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Kornev, T. L. Kulova, A. A. Kuz'mina, E. K. Tusseeva, A. M. Skundin, V. M. Klimova, E. S. Koshel'
Summary: Doping europium into lithium titanate improves its performance by shifting the potential of reversible lithium insertion, increasing specific discharge capacity, reducing specific irreversible capacity, and decreasing electrode polarization.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Review
Electrochemistry
T. L. Kulova, A. M. Skundin, I. M. Gavrilin
Summary: This article briefly reviews the basic studies on the application of germanium nanowires obtained by electrolysis of aqueous solutions, as well as germanium phosphide nanorods, as negative electrodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries conducted at the Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, RAS.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
D. Yu Gryzlov, A. Yu Rychagov, T. L. Kulova, A. M. Skundin, V. N. Andreev, F. A. Voroshilov
Summary: The behavior of a symmetric supercapacitor with activated carbon cloth electrodes in an electrolyte solution of ionic liquid has been studied. The results show that this capacitor has higher capacitance compared to capacitors with conventional organic solvents, and the capacitance decreases slightly while the working voltage range expands at lower temperatures.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Tatiana L. Kulova, Alexander M. Skundin
Summary: The presence and properties of passive films formed on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces significantly affect the performance of sodium-ion batteries. Passive films on negative electrodes are solid electrolytes with sodium ion conductivity and insulators in terms of electronic conductivity. They are formed by the reduction in electrolyte components. On the other hand, passive films on positive electrodes are formed as a result of electrolyte oxidation. This review summarizes the literature of the past 15 years on the effects of electrode nature, electrolyte composition, and other factors on the composition and properties of passive films in sodium-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
T. L. Kulova, A. M. Skundin, E. Chirkova
Summary: Galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to investigate the capacity fading mechanism of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 electrodes. The analysis reveals that microcracks form during cycling and are filled with a passive film, contributing to electrode degradation.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
A. S. Rudy, A. M. Skundin, A. A. Mironenko, V. V. Naumov
Summary: The capacity of thin-film solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSLIBs) Ti|Si@O@Al|LiPON|LiCoO2|Ti, Ti|Si@O@Al|LiPON|LixV2O5|Ti, and Ti|LiPON|LiCoO2|Ti at different charge currents was measured. It was found that the capacity dependence on the current density Q(j) follows Peukert's law, with low Peukert's exponents at low currents and high exponents at high currents. The Peukert's exponent for the anode-free cell remains constant throughout the range of current density variation. A model based on the balance of ion and electron currents is proposed, which accurately predicts the Q(j) dependence and fits Peukert's law. The change in Peukert's exponent with increasing current density is qualitatively interpreted based on the effect of charge current saturation.
Article
Electrochemistry
Egor A. Lebedev, Ilya M. Gavrilin, Yulia O. Kudryashova, Irina K. Martynova, Roman L. Volkov, Tatiana L. Kulova, Alexander M. Skundin, Nikolay Borgardt, Sergey A. Gavrilov
Summary: In this study, layers of germanium microrods with a core-shell structure were grown on titanium foils through a metal-assisted electrochemical reduction method. The structural properties and composition of the germanium microrods were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical studies demonstrated that the addition of vinylene carbonate in the electrolyte improved the cycling stability of the germanium microrods.
Article
Electrochemistry
Alexander S. Rudy, Sergei Kurbatov, Alexander A. Mironenko, Victor V. Naumov, Alexander M. Skundin, Yulia S. Egorova
Summary: This article provides a description of the design, manufacturing technology, and test results of thin-film solid-state lithium-ion batteries with a nanocomposite negative electrode Si@O@Al. The charging curve of this electrochemical system exhibits a plateau, which is attributed to the change in the Ti-Si@O@Al contact. It is found that Si@O@Al is a non-linear conductor formed by amorphous silicon nanoparticles and molecular clusters of silicon dioxide.
Article
Electrochemistry
Tatiana L. Kulova, Alexander M. Skundin, Il'ya M. Gavrilin, Yulia O. Kudryashova, Irina K. Martynova, Svetlana A. Novikova
Summary: Nanostructure composites Ge-Co-P with a CoGe2P0.1 or CoGe2@GeP composition were synthesized via electrolysis and showed high specific capacities (855 mAh/g for lithium and 425 mAh/g for sodium) with excellent cycleability.
Article
Electrochemistry
Sergei Kurbatov, Alexander Mironenko, Victor Naumov, Alexander Skundin, Alexander Rudy
Summary: This study focuses on the development of a technology for 3D solid-state lithium-ion batteries using plasma-chemical etching and magnetron sputtering techniques. It was found that surface polishing and silicon reoxidation can significantly improve the capacitive characteristics of the battery.
Article
Electrochemistry
Alexander Rudy, Alexander Mironenko, Victor Naumov, Alena Novozhilova, Alexander Skundin, Ivan Fedorov
Summary: A structural model of LiPON solid electrolyte was proposed, and the impedance dependence on frequency was calculated to determine the parameters for best approximation of experimental data. Based on these parameters, the ion diffusion coefficient and conductivity of LiPON were calculated.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. D. Vedenyapina, A. M. Skundin, V. A. Vil', M. M. Kazakova, Y. A. Barsegyan
Summary: The anodic behavior of gold in solutions containing spirocyclopentyl malonyl peroxide was studied through cyclic voltammetry, revealing that gold dissolves and forms a complex of singly charged cations with spirocyclopentyl malonyl peroxide as a ligand at lower potentials (about 500 mV) than in the supporting solution.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
